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Original Article:
Leucine-rich Repeat-containing G-protein Coupled Receptor 5 Gene Overexpression of the Rat Small Intestinal Progenitor Cells in Response to Orally Administered Grape Exosome-like Nanovesicles
Moosa Rahimi Ghiasi, Elnaz Rahimi, Zohreh Amirkhani, Rasoul Salehi
Adv Biomed Res
2018, 7:125 (31 August 2018)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_114_18
PMID
:30211138
Background:
Grape exosome-like nanovesicles (GELNs) have the advantage of inherent biocompatibility and biodegradability, the potential to be used as oral delivery vehicles. The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of Syrah GELN purification and their effects on the intestinal stem cells when orally administrated to the rats.
Materials and Methods:
In this experimental study, Syrah GELN isolated by differential centrifugation and sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation method, then the concentration of protein, size, and zeta potential were measured as well as nanoparticles morphology. The stability of nanoparticles was investigated in the solution that mimicked the condition encountered in the stomach and intestine. To demonstrate transfection efficiency of intestinal stem cells, real-time PCR was carried out using rat leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5)-specific primers on cDNA derived from total RNA extracted from the upper part of the small intestine of GELN-treated rats and their controls.
Results:
The mean size, zeta potential, and concentration of nanoparticles were 205.1 nm, −12.5 mV, and 250 μg/ml, respectively. The result of stability test demonstrated that Syrah GELN were resistant to the harsh environment of the stomach. Lgr5 gene expression was increased by tenfold in GELN-treated rats compared with the controls.
Conclusions:
As intestinal stem cells are poorly accessible by common exogenous agents
in vivo
, oral delivery of GELNs provides a new approach to modulate the stem cell microenvironment for intestinal remodeling. This novel and effective method would help to overcome conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, and applicable in regenerative medicine.
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Original Article:
Molecular Identification of
Leishmania Parasites
in Sand Flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) of an Endemic Foci in Poldokhtar, Iran
Masoomeh Zivdari, Seyed Hossein Hejazi, Seyed Hossein Mirhendi, Reza Jafari, Hassan-Ali Rastegar, Seyed Mohammad Abtahi
Adv Biomed Res
2018, 7:124 (31 August 2018)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_207_17
PMID
:30211137
Background:
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of the most important public health problems in many developing countries. Sand flies, as vectors, transmit infectious forms of the parasite to the vertebrate hosts. Poldokhtar, South West of Iran, is one of the endemic foci of diseases with a little information about it. In this paper, we have tried to gather some useful information to control and to prevent this disease in this region.
Materials and Methods:
The present study was conducted to determine the vector(s), the parasite, and the species composition of sand flies in the Poldokhtar County during the months from July to September 2015. Sticky paper traps were used to collect sand flies from July to September. Species identification was done based on available diagnostic keys. Nested-polymerase chain reaction was performed to diagnosis the
Leishmania
infection of sand flies, and restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to identify the
Leishmania
species.
Results:
A total of 2000 specimens comprising 8 species of sand flies (6
Phlebotomus
and 2
Sergentomyia
) were identified.
Phlebotomus papatasi
was the dominant species outdoor and
Sergentomyia sintoni
was the dominant species indoor. Among the 163 specimens of female
P. papatasi,
just 10 of them (6.1%) were positive to
Leishmania major
parasites.
Conclusion:
This is the first report of
Leishmania
infection of
P. papatasi
to
L. major
in this region. The results revealed that the high density of
P. papatasi
in outdoor and their infection with
L. major
is attributed that this species can play a major role as a principle vector in this region.
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Original Article:
Cognitive Functioning in Schizophrenia, Methamphetamine-induced Psychotic Disorder, and Healthy People: A Comparative Study
Mohammadrasoul Khalkhali, Mahboobeh Golshahi, Tolou Hasandokht, Moosa Kafie, Roghaye Zare
Adv Biomed Res
2018, 7:123 (31 August 2018)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_14_18
PMID
:30211136
Background:
Methamphetamine-induced psychotic disorder (MIP) cannot be easily differentiated from other psychotic disorders. Some studies have reported that patients with MIP and schizophrenia have differences in their cognitive functioning. We hypothesized that their performance would be different on neuropsychological tests which assess executive functions and visual memory.
Materials and Methods:
In a cross-sectional study, 30 patients with MIP, 31 patients with schizophrenia, and 31 healthy controls were assessed by Rey–Osterrieth complex figure (ROCF) test and visual search and attention test (VSAT). One-way analysis of variance was performed to compare the mean scores of tests. Tukey's HSD test was used for
post hoc
analysis.
Results:
Three groups had significant differences according to ROCF test (
F
= 15.76,
P
< 0.0001), VSAT (
F
= 39.78,
P
< 0.0001), left VSAT (
F
= 37.96,
P
< 0.0001), right VSAT (F = 40.40,
P
< 0.0001), and the time of the test administration (
F
= 3.26,
P
= 0.04). The
post hoc
analysis showed that the mean score of ROCF test and VSAT (total, right, and left) was significantly higher in the control group than in the other two groups. The time of administering the test in the control group was significantly shorter than in the MIP group (
P
< 0.03) and nonsignificantly shorter than in the schizophrenia group (
P
= 0.54). The mean score of right side VSAT was significantly higher in the MIP group than in the schizophrenia group.
Conclusion:
ROCF could not differentiate MIP from schizophrenia. The better performance of patients with MIP on right side VSAT that is reported in this and in the previous study needs to be reevaluated in more controlled studies.
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Letter To Editor:
The Fusion Multistage Synthetic Peptides as the Best Candidates for New Tuberculosis Vaccine
Masoud Keikha, Sharareh Moghim, Hossein Fazeli, Bahram Nasr-Esfahani
Adv Biomed Res
2018, 7:122 (29 August 2018)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_116_18
PMID
:30211135
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Original Article:
Effects of
Nigella sativa
Extracts on the Lipid Profile and Uncoupling Protein-1 Gene Expression in Brown Adipose Tissue of Mice
Amin Mahmoudi, Keihan Ghatreh Samani, Effat Farrokhi, Esfandiar Heidarian
Adv Biomed Res
2018, 7:121 (29 August 2018)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_91_18
PMID
:30211134
Background:
Uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) is the index protein of the brown adipose tissue (BAT), used in the obesity studies. We evaluated the effects of thymoquinone (TQ), hydroalcoholic, and hexane extracts of
Nigella sativa,
on the
UCP-1
gene expression in BAT, and also on the recovery from oxidative stress, due to a high-fat diet.
Materials and Methods:
Fifty mice were divided into five groups: the first group was fed with a usual diet and the second, third, fourth, and fifth groups with a high-fat diet, hydroalcoholic extract, hexane extract, and TQ, respectively. After completing the course, the lipid profile, paraoxonase 1 (PON1), serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured.
UCP-1
expression in BAT was evaluated at the gene and protein level.
Results:
The weight of mice, receiving TQ, hydroalcoholic, and hexane extracts, was decreased (
P
< 0.05), compared to the second group (
P
< 0.05). MDA was increased in the second group, compared to the first group (
P
< 0.05); however, TAC, liver catalase enzyme, and PON1 were decreased (
P
< 0.05). Furthermore, MDA of the third, fourth, and fifth groups had decreased, and the activity of PON1, liver catalase enzyme, and the amount of TAC was increased (
P
< 0.05). UCP-1 expression of the third and fourth groups was increased, compared to the second group (
P
< 0.05).
Conclusion:
The results suggest that TQ, hydroalcoholic, and hexane extracts of
N. sativa
have a protective and therapeutic role in the oxidative stress, caused by high-fat diets. The hydroalcoholic and hexane extracts can induce weight loss, by positively affecting UCP-1, at the gene and protein level.
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Original Article:
Serum Zinc Level and Eating Behaviors in Children Receiving Zinc Supplements without Physician Prescription
Mohammad Ali Pourmirzaiee, Samaneh Chehrazi, Motahar Heidari-Beni, Roya Kelishadi
Adv Biomed Res
2018, 7:120 (29 August 2018)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_77_18
PMID
:30211133
Background:
The aim of the study was to compare the serum zinc level and eating behaviors in 2–8-year-old children with and without arbitrarily zinc supplementation.
Materials and Methods:
This case–control study was conducted from December 2015 to December 2017 in Isfahan, Iran. The case group consisted of seventy children, aged 2–8 years, who have received zinc supplement without physician prescription; the controls were an equal number of age-matched children who did not receive any supplement. The serum zinc level was measured, and eating behaviors were identified using Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ).
Results:
There was no significant difference in serum zinc level between two groups (
P
= 0.18). Some differences in CEBQ subscales were identified between the groups studied. In the control group, the subscale of enjoyment of food was higher than the case group (
P
< 0.001). In the case group, the subscales of food fussiness and satiety responsiveness were higher than controls (
P
< 0.001).
Conclusion:
In this study, serum zinc levels were not significantly different between the two groups, and arbitrarily zinc supplementation does not play an important role in improving anorexia subscales.
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Original Article:
Evaluation of
Toxoplasma gondii
B1 gene in Placental Tissues of Pregnant Women with Acute Toxoplasmosis
Khosro Sardarian, Amir Hossein Maghsood, Marzieh Farimani, Mehrdad Hajiloii, Massoud Saidijam, Mahsa Rezaeepoor, Hanie Mahaki, Alireza Zamani
Adv Biomed Res
2018, 7:119 (29 August 2018)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_58_18
PMID
:30211132
Background:
One of the consequences of toxoplasmosis is the risk of passing it from mother to fetus and the onset of congenital toxoplasmosis during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the B1 gene of
Toxoplasma gondii
in the placental tissues of pregnant women with acute toxoplasmosis.
Materials and Methods:
The study was a cross-sectional study. Serum samples of pregnant women who attended to Fatemieh Hospital of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences were tested for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against
T. gondii
by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Then, polymerase chain reaction was used to identify the specific B1 gene of
T. gondii
in IgG seropositive women. The placental tissues of the pregnant women with positive serum B1 gene examined for this gene. Anti-
Toxoplasma
immunoglobulin M (IgM) was performed on the umbilical cord and neonate blood.
Results:
Anti-
Toxoplasma
IgG was detected in 167 out of 653 (25.6%) pregnant women.
T. gondii
B1 gene was identified in 36 out of 167 (21.6%) of IgG seropositive women. After delivery, the B1 gene was evaluated in 15 out of 36 (41.7%) patients' placental tissues, 13 of which were positive for this gene (86.7%). Anti-
Toxoplasma
IgM was detected neither in any umbilical cord nor in neonatal blood samples. All newborns, with the exception of one case, were born with normal birth weight and in term birth.
Conclusion:
The B1 gene was detected in 86.7% of the placental tissue of women who were involved in acute toxoplasmosis during pregnancy.
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Original Article:
Effects of Isolation and Social Subchronic Stresses on Food Intake and Levels of Leptin, Ghrelin, and Glucose in Male Rats
Mina Sadat Izadi, Maryam Radahmadi, Maedeh Ghasemi, Atefeh Rayatpour
Adv Biomed Res
2018, 7:118 (29 August 2018)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_28_18
PMID
:30211131
Background:
Exposure to psychological stresses can be a reason for obesity. Therefore, identifying the effective nutritional mechanisms such as feeding markers is of high necessity for the psychological stress conditions. Hence, the present study investigates the effects of subchronic isolation and social stresses on food intake, body weight differences (BWD), and levels of leptin, ghrelin, and glucose in rats.
Materials and Methods:
Eighteen male rats were randomly allocated into three groups: control (Co), isolation stress (IS), and social stress (SS) groups. Rats were under stresses for 7 days. The food intake (for three continuous hours after 16–18 h of food deprivation), BWD, levels of ghrelin, leptin, and glucose were measured.
Results:
The results showed that the food intake significantly (
P
< 0.05) reduced during the 1
st
h in the SS group compared to the Co group. At the 2
nd
h, the food intake significantly (
P
< 0.001 and
P
< 0.01, respectively) decreased in the IS group compared to the Co and SS groups. The cumulative food intake and body weight were significantly (
P
< 0.05) reduced in the IS group compared to the Co group. The serum ghrelin level significantly reduced in the IS group compared to the Co group.
Conclusions:
The subchronic psychological stresses led to a reduction in food intake by the reduction of serum ghrelin levels. It seems that ghrelin might have a more fundamental role in the food intake with respect to the leptin and glucose levels in subchronic stress condition. Furthermore, the decreased body weight justified the reduction of food intake, particularly in subchronic isolation stress.
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Original Article:
Polyethylene Oxide and Silicon-Substituted Hydroxyapatite Composite: A Biomaterial for Hard Tissue Engineering in Orthopedic and Spine Surgery
Nael Berri, Jawad Fares, Youssef Fares
Adv Biomed Res
2018, 7:117 (29 August 2018)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_206_17
PMID
:30211130
Background:
Tissue engineering and biomaterials have made it possible to innovate bone treatments for orthopedic and spine problems. The aim of this study is to develop a novel polyethylene oxide (PEO)/silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite (Si-HA) composite to be used as a scaffold for hard tissue engineering in orthopedic and spine procedures.
Materials and Methods:
The composite was fabricated through the electrospinning technique. The applied voltage (5 kV) and PEO concentration (5%) were fixed. Processing parameters such as the flow rates (20
μ
l/min and 50
μ
l/min), distances from capillary tube to the collector (130 mm and 180 mm), spinning time (10 min and 20 min), and concentration of Si-HA (0.2% and 0.6%) were explored to find the optimum conditions to produce fine composite fibers.
Results:
Scanning electron microscope images showed that 5% PEO, 5% PEO/0.2% Si-HA, and 5% PEO/0.6% Si-HA fibers were successively produced. Flow rates and working distances showed significant influence on the morphology of the polymeric and composite fibers. A high flow rate (50
μ
l/min) and a larger working distance (180 mm) resulted in larger fibers. The comparison between the mean fiber diameter of 5% PEO/0.2% Si-HA and 5% PEO/0.6% Si-HA showed to be significantly different. As the Si-HA concentration increased, certain fibers were having particles of Si-HA that were not properly integrated into the polymer matrix.
Conclusions:
Synthesis of a novel biomaterial for hard tissue scaffold through electrospinning was successful. In general, PEO/Si-HA fibers produced have the desired characteristics to mimic the extracellular matrix of bone.
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Original Article:
Blockade of Glutamate Receptors within the Prelimbic Cortex Attenuate Concentration of Excitatory Amino Acids in the Morphine Self-administration in Rats
Fateme Aboutalebi, Hojjatallah Alaei, Shahrbanoo Oryan
Adv Biomed Res
2018, 7:116 (29 August 2018)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_121_18
PMID
:30211129
Background:
The attitude of research on addiction has been done on the key role of glutamate. As a regard, the prelimbic cortex (PrL) has an important role in addiction, learning, and memory. We tried to investigate the level of glutamate and aspartate concentration after glutamate receptors blockade in this region in the morphine-addicted rats.
Materials and Methods:
In this study, we examined the effects of local infusion of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and
α
-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptor antagonists, 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (AP5), and 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2, 3-dione (CNQX), into the PrL cortex on the level of excitatory amino acids (EAAs) and glycine. After 11 days of self-administration, the prelimbic area of the brain was taken out, and the EAAs and glycine concentration was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography.
Results:
Morphine resulted in the significant increase in the EAAs concentration within this area (
P
≤ 0.001). Microinjection of AP5 into this region before using of morphine significantly decreased the morphine-induced glutamate and aspartate concentration (
P
≤ 0.001). CNQX had the same effect and significantly reduced the EAAs concentration compared to the morphine group (
P
≤ 0.001). In addition, microinjection of AP5 and CNQX simultaneously increased glycine concentration (
P
≤ 0.001).
Conclusions:
These results show that morphine stimulates the EAAs release in the prelimbic area. It seems that microinjection of AP5 or CNQX in this region is effective in reducing morphine-induced EAA. It is suggested that EAA transmission in the PrL cortex may be a possible target for treatment of morphine addiction.
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2022
June
[
11
]
May
[
9
]
April
[
9
]
March
[
8
]
February
[
9
]
January
[
10
]
2021
December
[
10
]
November
[
11
]
October
[
5
]
September
[
6
]
August
[
2
]
July
[
4
]
June
[
3
]
May
[
1
]
March
[
2
]
February
[
4
]
January
[
6
]
2020
December
[
8
]
November
[
7
]
October
[
13
]
September
[
10
]
August
[
10
]
July
[
7
]
June
[
4
]
May
[
5
]
April
[
5
]
March
[
3
]
February
[
4
]
January
[
5
]
2019
December
[
2
]
November
[
5
]
October
[
5
]
September
[
7
]
August
[
6
]
July
[
3
]
June
[
7
]
May
[
5
]
April
[
8
]
March
[
6
]
February
[
8
]
January
[
10
]
2018
December
[
9
]
November
[
9
]
October
[
11
]
September
[
5
]
August
[
10
]
July
[
10
]
June
[
13
]
May
[
17
]
April
[
17
]
March
[
19
]
February
[
19
]
January
[
20
]
2017
December
[
13
]
November
[
21
]
October
[
12
]
September
[
9
]
August
[
15
]
July
[
22
]
June
[
11
]
May
[
14
]
April
[
14
]
March
[
21
]
February
[
8
]
January
[
8
]
2016
December
[
17
]
November
[
20
]
October
[
12
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September
[
9
]
August
[
19
]
July
[
16
]
June
[
17
]
May
[
17
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April
[
16
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March
[
36
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February
[
14
]
January
[
14
]
2015
December
[
2
]
November
[
15
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October
[
25
]
September
[
29
]
August
[
29
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July
[
31
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June
[
11
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May
[
39
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March
[
15
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February
[
29
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January
[
34
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2014
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23
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November
[
25
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October
[
18
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September
[
19
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August
[
22
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July
[
13
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June
[
11
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May
[
22
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April
[
2
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March
[
24
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February
[
11
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January
[
77
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2013
November
[
10
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October
[
5
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August
[
1
]
July
[
23
]
June
[
11
]
March
[
42
]
2012
December
[
4
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October
[
17
]
August
[
34
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July
[
15
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May
[
10
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March
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7
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1900
January
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1
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