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Original Article:
Postmastectomy Information Needs and Information-seeking Motives for Women with Breast Cancer
Masoome Latifi, Sohrab Salimi, Nilofar Barahmand, Fateme Fahimnia, Leili Allahbakhshian Farsani
Adv Biomed Res
2018, 7:75 (25 April 2018)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_187_17
PMID
:29862224
Background:
Health information-seeking behavior is a key concept in the empowerment of women with breast cancer after mastectomy for self-care management. Thus, a real understanding of their information needs and their information-seeking behavior may open up new opportunities for their postsurgery cares. The current research was conducted to identify the information needs and information-seeking motives of women with breast cancer after mastectomy.
Materials and Methods:
This is an applied qualitative research. Samples included 17 women with breast cancer after mastectomy selected from two hospitals of Shahid Mohammadi and Persian Gulf and Omid Central Chemotherapy in Bandar Abbas. Data were collected using semi-structured interview on winter 2014 and analyzed using qualitative content analysis method.
Results:
Three basic contents were extracted including information needs related to mental health, physical health related to disease and personal daily activities along with their subcategories, and representing common experience and perception of mastectomized women seeking for health information. Furthermore, hope, self-esteem, return to life, and available social support resources were expressed as the main information-seeking motives.
Conclusion:
Considering research findings, mastectomized women need to receive information in wide range of health and thus pursue purposeful behavior. Hence, it is necessary that required actions and measures are taken by health-care authorities, especially institutions responsible for women health, to support and meet information needs of the patients considering their information-seeking motives.
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Original Article:
Comparison the Effect of Granisetron and Dexamethasone on Intravenous Propofol Pain
Leili Adinehmehr, Sohrab Salimi, Shahryar Sane, Venous Sina, Rana Najafizadeh
Adv Biomed Res
2018, 7:74 (25 April 2018)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_186_17
PMID
:29862223
Background:
The incidence of propofol injection pain during induction of general anesthesia varies from 28% to 90%. This prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated the effect of dexamethasone and granisetron for reducing the incidence and severity of propofol injection pain.
Materials and Methods:
A total of 227 female subjects received 5 mL of preservative-free saline, 1 mg granisetron (5 ml), or 0.15 mg/kg of dexamethasone (5 ml), intravenously, following exsanguination and occlusion of the veins of the arm. This was followed by a 0.5 mg/kg injection of propofol. Pain scores and intensity of pain recorded immediately following the injection of propofol. Hemodynamic parameters and O
2
sat were recorded 1, 3, 5, and 10 min after propofol injection.
Results:
The incidence pain following the injection of propofol was significantly decreased with both granisetron and dexamethasone (50.7% and 49.4%). Mean pain score in granisetron group was 3.16 ± 1.23, dexamethasone was 2.73 ± 1.03, and in saline group was 4.82 ± 1.73 (
P
= 0.001). Mean pain intensity in granisetron group was 1.16 ± 0.18, dexamethasone was 1.26 ± 0.14, and in saline group was 2.2 ± 0.99 (
P
= 0.001). There were no differences in either mean arterial pressure or O
2
Sate at any time point after drugs injection among the groups. There was a significant difference in pulse rate in third minutes between three groups and in the group who received granisetron was lesser (
P
= 0.04).
Conclusion:
Pretreatment with intravenous granisetron (1 mg) and dexamethasone (0.15 mg/kg) before injection of propofol is effective and safe in reducing the incidence and severity of pain due to propofol injection.
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Original Article:
Effectiveness of Parents-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms, Obesity and Self-Esteem of Overweight Children with Attention Deficient Hyperactivity Disorder
Afsaneh Karbasi Amel, Saeed Karbasi Amel, Arefeh Erfan
Adv Biomed Res
2018, 7:73 (25 April 2018)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_170_17
PMID
:29862222
Background:
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common behavioral problems that cause hyperactivity, attention deficits, academic failure, and emotional and behavioral problems in preschool and elementary school that is often hidden from the parents' eyes. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of parent-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on ADHD symptoms (including attention deficit disorder, restlessness, and impulsivity), overweight and self-esteem of 6–11-year-old obese children with attention deficit hyperactivity in Isfahan.
Materials and Methods:
This quasi-experimental study was carried out on 40 children aged 6–11 years with ADHD and overweight or obesity (above the 85
th
percentile in weight for age, height, and sex diagram) that their parents referred to Isfahan child and adolescent psychiatric clinic of Ali Asghar Hospital in 2015. For twenty patients, only ADHD treatment was applied, and they received no other intervention, but the others in experimental group participated in CBT sessions. Analysis tools were Coppersmith Self-Esteem Scale, ADHD conners' test, and the body mass index (BMI). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measurements.
Results:
CBT by teaching parents had a significant effect on ADHD symptoms, the self-esteem of overweight and obese children with ADHD in posttest and follow-up. The results also showed that had a significant effect on ADHD symptoms, overweight and self-esteem of the obese children with ADHD (
P
< 0.001).
Conclusions:
Parents focused CBT can be considered as a complementary treatment for reducing ADHD symptoms and BMI and increased self-esteem in the obese ADHD children.
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Original Article:
The Effectiveness of Emotional Schema Therapy on the Emotional Schemas and Emotional Regulation in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Single Subject Design
Arefeh Erfan, Ahmad Ali Noorbala, Saeed Karbasi Amel, Abolfazl Mohammadi, Peyman Adibi
Adv Biomed Res
2018, 7:72 (25 April 2018)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_113_16
PMID
:29862221
Background:
Positive and negative emotional states are the most important factors in treatment and prevention process of psychosomatic diseases. This research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of emotional schemas' therapy on emotional schemas' modification and difficulties of emotion regulation in women with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
Materials and Methods:
This research was implemented in the framework of single-subject experimental design using step-wise multiple baselines plan. Five patients with IBS were selected as convenience sampling on the base of their willingness to participate and then they received emotional schema therapy (EST). Research tools included ROME III scale, SCID interview, emotional schemas questionnaire, and difficulties of emotional regulation. The analysis of data was done using visual analysis charts, recovery percentage, and reliable change index.
Results:
The results showed a decrease of scores in some maladaptive schemas and increase of some adaptive schemas than baseline in patients who received EST (
P
≤ 0.05). Furthermore, this treatment decreased scores of some emotion regulation difficulty components (
P
≤ 0.05).
Conclusion:
It seems that EST is an appropriate option for treatment of these patients because it is effective in improvement of emotional schemas and difficulties of emotional regulation.
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Letter to Editor:
Can Fractionated Microneedle Radiofrequency be an Effective Procedure for Treatment of Fox–Fordyce Disease? A Medical Hypothesis
Sattar Kabiri, Mohsen Pourazizi, Bahareh Abtahi-Naeini
Adv Biomed Res
2018, 7:71 (24 April 2018)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_288_16
PMID
:29862220
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Original Article:
Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Morphine Self-administration and Pain Modulation in Rats
Somayeh Ahmadi, Maryam Radahmadi, Hojjatallah Alaei, Effat Ramshini
Adv Biomed Res
2018, 7:70 (24 April 2018)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_181_17
PMID
:29862219
Background:
Exercise reverses retention deficit induced by morphine. The present study investigated the effect of aerobic exercise on tolerance to morphine usage and pain modulation.
Materials and Methods:
Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups as follows: (1) saline group (S), (2) morphine group (M), (3) saline + exercise (S + E), and (4) morphine + exercise group (M + E). The rats were initially trained to receive small pellets of food by pressing an active lever in the self-administration apparatus. The tail-flick and hot-plate tests were used for pain assessment. To perform the experiment, the jugular vein was exposed and cannulated. After recovery, the animals were placed in the self-administration apparatus and allowed to self-administer morphine in 2 h sessions over 11 consecutive days.
Results:
The morphine group was found to record a higher number of active lever pressings than did the saline one while this parameter decreased in the morphine + exercise group compared with the morphine one. Moreover, the morphine + exercise exhibited lowered pain sensitivity as evidenced to have reduced morphine use in the hot plate test.
Conclusion:
The exercise might be suggested to reduce using of morphine and modulate pain probably through the release of endogenous opioid.
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Original Article:
Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern and Spectrum of Multiple-drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Iranian Hospitalized Patients with Cancer
Hossein Fazeli, Sharareh Moghim, Donya Zare
Adv Biomed Res
2018, 7:69 (24 April 2018)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_164_17
PMID
:29862218
Background:
Nosocomial infections are one of the most leading causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. The emergence of multiple-drug-resistant (MDR) strains of Gram-negative bacteria causing nosocomial infection has become a serious concern in cancer patients. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the spectrum and antibiotic resistance pattern of Gram-negative bacteria related nosocomial infections among Iranian cancer patients.
Materials and Methods:
This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted during the 6 months from December 2015 to May 2016 in two tertiary care centers located in Isfahan and Arak Province. Gram-negative bacteria obtained from different clinical specimens from hospitalized patients with cancer and were identified using standard microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined by the disk diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommendation.
Results:
Of totally 259 culture positive cases,
Escherichia coli
showed the highest isolation rate (60.6%) followed by
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(26.6%) and
Proteus
spp (11.2%). The rate of MDR isolates were 91.5% (237/259). Overall, the most frequent source of bacterial isolation was urinary tract infection (65.6%) followed by skin and soft-tissue infection (23.6%). The antibiotic susceptibility results showed meropenem (MEN) and ceftazidime as the most effective antibiotics for
E. coli, K. pneumoniae
, and
Proteus
spp. isolates. Moreover, MEN was the most effective antibiotic against MDR isolates.
Conclusion:
The study findings showed a significant distribution of MDR Gram-negative bacteria which may increase the burden of healthcare-associated infections in cancer patients. Although, carbapenem can be considered as effective agents toward MDR strains for empirical antibiotic therapy in our region.
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Case Report:
A New Case of Neu–Laxova Syndrome: Infant with Facial Dysmorphism, Arthrogryposis, Ichthyosis, and Microcephalia
Behzad Barekatain, Alireza Sadeghnia, Elham Rouhani, Ghazaleh Jamalipoor Soofi
Adv Biomed Res
2018, 7:68 (24 April 2018)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_143_17
PMID
:29862217
Neu–Laxova syndrome (NLS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by central nervous system anomalies, facial dysmorphic features, anomalies of limb and genitalia, intrauterine growth retardation, skin disorders, and other congenital abnormalities. In this article, we present a newborn infant who was born with facial dysmorphic features, flat nose, ichthyosis, rocker bottom feet, and fixed flexion contractures. We believe that these clinical findings in this patient are consistent with features of NLS.
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Original Article:
Hepatoprotective Effect of Metadoxine on Acetaminophen-induced Liver Toxicity in Mice
Parvin Mazraati, Mohsen Minaiyan
Adv Biomed Res
2018, 7:67 (24 April 2018)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_142_17
PMID
:29862216
Background:
Metadoxine (pyridoxine pyrrolidone carboxylate) is considered to be a beneficial agent for the treatment of experimental hepatotoxicity due to alcohol, CCl4, and bile duct ligation. Hence, the therapeutic effect of metadoxine and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as reference drug was investigated in mice exposed to acute hepatotoxicity induced by a single oral toxic dose of acetaminophen (650 mg/kg).
Materials and Methods:
Metadoxine (200 and 400 mg/kg) and NAC (300 mg/kg) were given orally (p. o.), 2 h after acetaminophen administration. Serum aminotransferases, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, hepatic glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined for evaluating the extent of hepatotoxicity due to acetaminophen and its protection by metadoxine.
Results:
Findings indicated that metadoxine significantly reduced the level of serum ALT, AST, and ALP but not total bilirubin which increased by acetaminophen intoxication. Administration of metadoxine also attenuated oxidative stress by suppressing lipid peroxidation (MDA) and prevented the depletion of reduced GSH level which caused by acetaminophen toxicity. Besides, metadoxine ameliorated histopathological hepatic tissue injury induced by acetaminophen.
Conclusion:
In most parameters examined, the effect of metadoxine was comparable to NAC. Hence, metadoxine could be considered as a beneficial therapeutic candidate to protect against acute acetaminophen hepatotoxicity.
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Original Article:
Identification of
Candida albicans
and
Candida dubliniensis
Species Isolated from Bronchoalveolar Lavage Samples Using Genotypic and Phenotypic Methods
Sahar Kianipour, Mohammad Emami Ardestani, Parvin Dehghan
Adv Biomed Res
2018, 7:66 (24 April 2018)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_138_17
PMID
:29862215
Background:
Candida dubliniensis
is a newly diagnosed species very similar to
Candida albicans
phenotypically and first discovered in the mouth of people with AIDS in 1995. Among the different phenotypic and genotypic methods, a cost-effective method should be selected which makes it possible to differentiate these similar species.
Materials and Methods:
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism with
MspI
enzyme and the Duplex-PCR method were done by DNA extraction using boiling. The sequencing of the amplified ribosomal region was used to confirm the
C. dubliniensis
species. Direct examination and colony count of the yeasts were applied for bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples and the growth rate of the yeasts were studied at 45°C. To understand the ability formation of chlamydoconidia in yeast isolates, they were separately cultured on the sunflower seed agar, wheat flour agar, and corn meal agar media.
Results:
Fifty-nine (49.2%) yeast colonies were identified from the total of 120 BAL specimens. Twenty-nine isolated yeasts; including 17 (58.6%) of
C. albicans
/
dubliniensis
complex and 12 (41.4%) of nonalbicans isolates produced pseudohypha or blastoconidia in direct smear with a mean colony count of 42000 CFU/mL.
C. albicans
with the frequency of 15 (42.9%) were the most common isolated yeasts, whereas C.
dubliniensis
was identified in two nonHIV patients.
Conclusion:
Sequencing of the replicated gene fragment is the best method for identifying the yeasts, but the determination of the species by phenotypic methods such as the creation of chlamydoconidia in sunflower seeds agar and wheat flour agar media can be cost-effective, have sensitivity and acceptable quality.
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Original Article:
Evaluation of Relationship between Extensor Digitorum Communis Hoffmann-reflex Latency and Upper Limb Length and Age
Saeid Khosrawi, Babak Vahdatpour, Mehdi Ahmadi
Adv Biomed Res
2018, 7:65 (24 April 2018)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_106_17
PMID
:29862214
Background:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between normal values of extensor digitorum communis (EDC) Hoffmann-reflex (H-reflex) latency, upper limb length and age in normal participants, and to determine whether there is any regression equation between them.
Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, 120 upper limbs of 76 normal volunteers (55 limbs of 34 men and 65 limbs of 42 women) were participated in this study. The onset latency of EDC H-reflex was determined with standard electrodiagnostic techniques and was recorded.
Results:
The mean EDC H-reflex latency was 15.89 ± 1.41 ms. There was a positive significant correlation between EDC H-reflex latency and upper limb length (
r
= 0.749,
P
< 0.0001) and also arm length (
r
= 0.758,
P
< 0.0001), but there was a nonsignificant indirect correlation between age and EDC H-reflex latency (
r
= −0.111,
P
= 0.227). The relation between H-reflex and sex was not statistically significant (
P
= 0.46).
Conclusion:
According to our result, there are good predictive values between upper limb length and arm length for the estimation of normal EDC H-reflex latency.
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Original Article:
Synthesis and
In vitro
Leishmanicidal Activities of Six Quercetin Derivatives
Maryam Mohajeri, Lotfollah Saghaei, Mustafa Ghanadian, Sedighe Saberi, Nader Pestechian, Ehsan Ostadhusseini
Adv Biomed Res
2018, 7:64 (24 April 2018)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_76_17
PMID
:29862213
Background:
Today, leishmaniasis is a widespread, infectious parasitic disease caused by
Leishmania
spp. Natural-derived compounds are likely to provide a valuable source of new pharmaceuticals, and among them, quercetin derivatives may have antileishmanial effects. The antileishmanial activity of 3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavonol (quercetin) derivatives is partly attributed to the position and pKa of phenolic or catechol hydroxyl groups. Therefore, to optimize their leishmanicidal effect, the structural features of quercetin and its derivatives were improved by acylation or alkylation of hydroxyl groups and changing their pKa and consequently their activities.
Materials and Methods:
In this study, during a regioselective method, quercetin derivatives were synthesized. The structures of synthesized compounds were confirmed by mass, IR,
1
H-, and
13
C-NMR spectral data. The antileishmanial activities of compounds 1–6 were compared with glucantime as the standard drug against promastigotes of
Leishmania major
using standard cell-based leishmanicidal assay.
Results:
In this study, during a regioselective method, two 7-O-quercetin derivatives (5 and 6), and three quercetin acetate derivatives (2, 3, and 4) were synthesized. In detail, the IC
50
values found against
L. major
were (1) 2.5 ± 0.92; (2) 2.85 ± 0.99; (3) 15.5 ± 1.95; (4) 13.5 ± 3.5; (5) 2.6 ± 0.57; and (6) 1.3 ± 0.35 μM while IC
50
value of glucantime as the standard drug was 88.5 ± 9.47 μM.
Conclusions:
The present study showed an effective antileishmanial activity of quercetin semisynthetic compounds (1–6) against
in vitro
promastigotes of
L. major
. Among them, quercetin analogs with more lipophilic and iron-chelating activity showed more antiparasite activity.
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Original Article:
Outcomes of Unilateral Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients Aged Under 35 Years in Iranian Population: A Preliminary Study
Mahdi Motififard, Ali Andalib, Seyed Jalil Hamidi, Sajad Badiei
Adv Biomed Res
2018, 7:63 (24 April 2018)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_62_17
PMID
:29862212
Background:
The purpose of this study is to report outcomes of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients under the age of 35 years regarding pain and joint function.
Materials and Methods:
This preliminary analytic-descriptive study was performed in prospective consecutive series of forty-three patients younger than 35 years old who had undergone unilateral THA during a 36-month period. As the primary outcome, the severity of pain using visual analog scale (VAS) of 1–10, and as the secondary outcomes, joint range of motion (ROM) and the Harris Hip Score (HHS) were assessed in the preoperative visit, 1, 6, and 18 months after operation for each patient. Complications were recorded at 6 months and 18 months after surgery.
Results:
The data of VAS showed the mean severity of pain was significant between preoperation measurements and postoperative assessments (
P
< 0.001). The means of HHS and hip ROM were also statistically significant before the operation in comparison with postoperative assessments (
P
< 0.001 for both means). A total of 19 patients had postoperative complications including periprosthetic fracture in two patients, infection in two patients, cup loosening in three patients, limb length discrepancy in 10 patients, and heterotopic ossification in two patients. Seven patients had been readmitted.
Conclusion:
We believe THA using uncemented prosthesis has a high survivorship with low rate osteolysis in young patients with good bone stock. It is necessary to have longer follow-up to have a better evaluation on outcomes.
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Original Article:
Enhancement of the Effectiveness of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy with Topical Corticosteroid in Treatment of Chronic Plantar Fasciitis: A Randomized Control Clinical Trial
Babak Vahdatpour, Arghavan Mokhtarian, Seyed Ahmad Raeissadat, Farnaz Dehghan, Nafiseh Nasr, Mahsa Mazaheri
Adv Biomed Res
2018, 7:62 (24 April 2018)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_40_17
PMID
:29862211
Background:
Chronic recalcitrant plantar fasciitis is a disabling condition. We presumed if shock wave could increase the permeability of skin and facilitate penetration of topical corticosteroid through the skin; the combinational therapeutic effect would be stronger than using shock wave alone. The study purpose was to utilize the synergistic effect of shock wave and topical corticosteroid in treatment of plantar fasciitis.
Materials and Methods:
Patients in both groups (
n
= 40) received four sessions of shock wave with the same protocol at weekly intervals. At 30 min before each session, we used an occlusive dressing of topical clobetasol for the intervention group and Vaseline oil for the control group. Pain severity was assessed with visual analog scale (VAS) and modified Roles and Maudsley score (RMS) at baseline and 1 month and 3 months after intervention. Plantar fascia (PF) thickness was measured with ultrasonography at baseline and 3 months after intervention.
Results:
One month after intervention, VAS morning showed significant improvement in intervention group (
P
= 0.006) and RMS showed better improvement in intervention group (
P
= 0.026). There was no significant difference between the two groups after 3 months in RMS or VAS score. PF thickness was decreased significantly in both groups, but it was not significant between the two groups (
P
= 0.292).
Conclusions:
This combinational therapy yielded earlier pain reduction and functional improvement than using shock wave alone; topical corticosteroid could enhance the effectiveness of shockwave in short-term in the treatment of recalcitrant plantar fasciitis.
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Original Article:
Evaluation of Biofilm Formation and Frequency of Multidrug-resistant and Extended Drug-resistant Strain in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Isolated from Burn Patients in Isfahan
Pourya Nasirmoghadas, Sima Yadegari, Sharareh Moghim, Bahram Nasr Esfahani, Hossein Fazeli, Farkhondeh Poursina, Seyed Abolfazl Hosseininassab, Hajieh Ghasemian Safaei
Adv Biomed Res
2018, 7:61 (24 April 2018)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_37_17
PMID
:29862210
Background:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
is a biofilm-forming bacterium which can result in serious health problems, particularly in burn patients. Biofilm has been assumed to protect the bacteria from environmental fluctuations such as antimicrobial agent. Mucoid strains generate extensive levels of the alginate exopolysaccharide, which is an important factor of its biofilm.
Materials and Methods:
Totally, 100 isolates of
P. aeruginosa
has been gathered from wound infections of burn patients. Polymerase chain reaction of
exoA
gene has been carried out to confirm the bacteriologic identification of isolates. The biofilm-forming capacity has been specified by capsule staining and microtiter plate test as qualitative and quantitative determination, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates has been specified by disk diffusion method.
Results:
All the isolates carried the
exoA
gene. The antibiotic resistance was imipenem (90%); levofloxacin (93%); aztreonam (87%); piperacillin-tazobactam (85%); tobramycin (92%); polymyxin b (PB) (2%); and ceftazidime (CAZ) (32%). Totally, multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extended drug-resistant (XDR) isolates were 19% and 75%, respectively. Fortunately, pan drug-resistant (PDR) strain has not been observed. The assessment of biofilm formation has shown that 7% of the isolates were nonbiofilm (N), weak (W) 67%, moderate (M) 22%, and strong (S) 4%.
Conclusions:
As a result, the findings of this survey indicated that PB and CAZ were the most effective antibiotics against
P. aeruginosa
, which of course indicate a serious problem about the emergence of the PDR strains. There was no relationship between the patterns of biofilm production and antibiotic susceptibility, but high frequency of MDR/XDR and biofilm producer strains has been detected.
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Original Article:
Isolation of Cinnamic Acid Derivatives from the Bulbs of
Allium tripedale
Zahra Chehri, Behzad Zolfaghari, Masoud Sadeghi Dinani
Adv Biomed Res
2018, 7:60 (24 April 2018)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_34_17
PMID
:29862209
Background:
Allium
genus with 750 species is the most diverse genus in the Amaryllidaceae family. Historically,
Allium
species have been used as medicinal plants, especially for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and considered as valuable sources of phytonutrients. Phytochemical investigation of
Allium tripedale
, locally called “Anashq,” which is an edible plant of the “Zagros” region (west of Iran) was conducted in the present study.
Materials and Methods:
Air-dried bulbs of the plant were extracted in a four-step extraction method with increasing polarity using hexane, chloroform, chloroform–methanol (9:1), and methanol. Chloroform-methanol (9:1) extract was fractionated by medium-pressure liquid chromatography on a RP-18 column using a linear gradient solvent system of H
2
O to MeOH. Phenolic-rich fractions were subjected to the final isolation and purification of the constituents by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method. Structure elucidation of the compounds was performed through comprehensive methods including 1D-and 2D-NMR and mass spectroscopy.
Results:
Two cinnamic acid derivatives were isolated from the bulbs of
A. tripedale
; using spectroscopic methods, their chemical structures were determined as 6,7-dimethoxy N-trans-caffeoyltyramine (1) and N-trans-feruloyltyramine (2).
Conclusion:
Cinnamic acid derivatives are pharmacologically active phenolic compounds, which have been isolated from different
Allium
species. Isolation of these compounds from
A. tripedale
is reported for the first time in this study and could be used as a chemical basis for explanation of the plant biological and pharmacological activities.
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Original Article:
A Randomized Double-blind Placebo-controlled Trial to Assess the Effect of Tamarind seed in Premature Ejaculation
Abdulla Homayuonfar, Alireza Aminsharifi, Alireza Salehi, Ali Sahraian, Shadab Dehshari, Mohsen Bahrami
Adv Biomed Res
2018, 7:59 (24 April 2018)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_16_17
PMID
:29862208
Background:
This randomized clinical trial was aimed to evaluate the effect of oral use of tamarind seed powder as an herbal product in patients affected by premature ejaculation (PE).
Materials and Methods:
In this study, 75 patients randomized in tamarind group (25 patients received daily 130 mg tamarind seed powder), paroxetine group (25 patients received daily 20 mg paroxetine), and placebo group (25 patients). Patients received the treatment regimen for 4 weeks. The primary outcome was intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT). The secondary outcomes were PE diagnostic tool score, sexual function using International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), and complications. Studied sexual functions include erectile function, orgasmic function, sexual desire, intercourse satisfaction, and overall satisfaction.
Results:
The mean of IELT in tamarind, paroxetine, and placebo groups at baseline was 35.2 ± 26.5, 38 ± 27.6, and 44 ± 34.9 s and at the end of study was 49.5 ± 48.2, 147.4 ± 209.6, and 46.9 ± 37.6 s, respectively, which in paroxetine group significantly increased compared to other groups. IIEF scores for orgasmic function and intercourse satisfaction for paroxetine after treatment significantly increased than that of other groups. The differences between tamarind and placebo groups for studied variables were not statistically significant. The mean of increases in IELT for tamarind, paroxetine, and placebo groups was 14.35 ± 34.3, 109.4 ± 213.4, and 2.9 ± 9.3 s, respectively, which in paroxetine group was significantly higher than other groups and in tamarind group was significantly higher than placebo.
Conclusions:
Paroxetine was significantly better than tamarind seed powder and placebo although side effect in paroxetine was more frequent. IELT significantly more increased in tamarind group compared to placebo.
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