Background: The first cause of women mortality due to cancer is breast cancer. Mammography plays a central part in early detection of breast cancers. The screening methods can play a major role to reduce the morbidity and mortality rate due to this malignancy. We sought the basic data in this study on our population because knowing about the baseline data is apt and vital. Materials and Methods: In this study, data were collected from a questionnaire, contained baseline bio data information, and mammographic imaging of the patients came during 7 years. Breast imaging reporting and data system (BIRADS) score, breast composition, presence of axillary lymph nodes, microcalcifications, and other incidental positive findings were determined by a radiologist and analysis was performed by SPSS package. Results: The most common indication for mammography was annual screening. The mean age of participants to the study was 55 ± 7.9 years. The majority (80%) of the patients with known breast cancer (BIRADS 6) had the extremely dense breast. The most common incidental findings in mammogram studies were focal asymmetry, architectural distortion, intramammary lymph node and accessory breasts, respectively. Conclusion: The frequency distribution of BIRADS classification in our society was clarified. It seems that the breast cancer risk is higher in women with dense breasts. Architectural distortion was also correlated to BIRADS score.

Background: This study evaluated the clinical efficacy and tolerability of a 14-day course of bismuth-based quadruple therapy including tinidazole and levofloxacin in compare to a 14-day bismuth-based quadruple therapy including clarithromycin as first-line treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection in Iranian adults. Materials and Methods: The study was a prospective, parallel group, randomized controlled, clinical trial that conducted on 150 patients with H. pylori infection. Patients were randomly assigned to the two groups as follows: first group received pantoprazole 40 mg, bismuth subcitrate 240 mg, amoxicillin 1 g, and clarithromycin 500 mg (PBAC group), and other group received pantoprazole 40 mg, bismuth subcitrate 240 mg, amoxicillin 1 g, tinidazole 500 mg for 7 days, followed by levofloxacin 500 mg for the second 7 days (PBATL group). Main outcomes were eradication rate, tolerance of treatment, and dyspepsia severity. Results: The eradication rates for PBAC regimen was 81.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 71.9–90.2) and for PBATL regimen was 70.8% (95% CI: 60.1–81.6), which was not significantly different (P = 0.147). Tolerance of treatment was similar between groups. The median of severity of dyspeptic after treatment in PBAC group was 10 [9–14.75], which was similar to PBATL group 10 [9–13.5] (P = 0.690). Conclusion: There is no significant difference between PBAC and PBATL regimen, and efficacy was similar in both groups. The overall rate of treatment failure suggests that up to 18%–30% of patients will fail bismuth-based quadruple therapy and require retreatment for the infection.

Background: Nephrotoxicity is one of the side effects of cisplatin (CP) therapy which is gender related. CP disturbs renal function through glomerular filtration rate and electrolytes transport disturbances. This study was designed to compare some markers related to renal function in two protocols of CP treatment in rats. Materials and Methods: Male and female rats were subjected to receive single (treat 1; 7.5 mg/kg) and continues doses (treat 2; 3 mg/kg/day for 5 days) of CP, and the measurements were compared with control animals. Results: The serum level of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr), and Cr-clearance, kidney tissue damage score, kidney weight, body weight change, and Na excretion was altered significantly (P < 0.05) in animals treated with continuous dose of CP (treat 2), while alteration of BUN and Cr was gender related. The kidney levels of malondialdehyde and nitrite were significantly different between male and female in two protocols of treatments. Conclusion: Renal function after CP therapy alters in rats' gender dependently, and it is related to protocol of treatment.

Background: Antirrhinum majus contains aurone with excellent antibacterial and antifungal activities. In addition, visible light activates the endogenous porphyrins of Propionibacterium acne, which results in bacterial death. Therefore, considering the above-mentioned facts, the aim of the present study was to prepare a topical herbal gel of A. majus hydroalcoholic extract and to evaluate its antiacne effects with or without blue light combination as an activator of the porphyrins. Materials and Methods: Antibacterial activity of the shoot or petal extracts was evaluated by disc diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was calculated. Various gel formulations were developed by the Experimental Design software. The obtained gel formulations were prepared and tested for pharmaceutical parameters including organoleptic features, pH, viscosity, drug content, and release studies. Finally, the antibacterial activity was evaluated against (P. acnes) with or without blue light. Results: The MIC of the extracts showed to be 0.25 μg/ml. Evaluation of the gel formulation showed acceptable properties of the best formulation in comparison to a gel in the market. Pharmaceutical parameters were also in accordance with the standard parameters of the marketed gel. Furthermore, statistical analyses showed significant antibacterial effect for gel when compared to negative control. However, combination of blue light with gel did not show any significant difference on the observed antibacterial effect. Conclusion: Because of the statistically significant in vitro antiacne effects of the formulated gel, further clinical studies for evaluation of the healing effects of the prepared gel formulation on acne lesions must be performed.

Background: The role of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in communication between renal system and cardiovascular system is extremely important. Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) index defines as heart rate (HR) alteration versus mean arterial pressure (MAP) change ratio (ΔHR/ΔMAP) . Sympathetic nerve is arm of the baroreflexes and any change in its activity will lead to change in the BRS. The role of angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion in systemic circulation accompanied with bilateral renal denervation (RDN) on BRS index and renal function was studied. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two male and female Wistar rats in 12 groups were anesthetized and catheterized. The alteration of MAP and HR responses to phenylephrine infusion compared to control groups was determined in bilateral RDN rats subjected to treat with Ang II (300 or 1000 ng/kg/min) administration. Results: The BRS index was elevated in Ang II-treated non-RDN (normal) male rats gradually and dose dependently (P < 0.05), while this index was significantly different when compared with RDN male rats (P < 0.05). Accordingly, the BRS index was significantly lower in RDN than non-RDN male rats, and such observation was not observed in female rats. The creatinine clearance (insignificantly) and urine flow (significantly; P < 0.05) were decreased in both non-RDN and RDN male and female rats treated with Ang II. In RDN model, the serum nitrite levels were decreased in male and increased in female by Ang II infusion when compared with vehicle infusion. Conclusion: The Ang II infusion could increase the BRS index in non-RDN (normal) male rats which is significantly greater than BRS index in RDN rats.

Cellular therapy is being actively pursued as a therapeutic modality in many of the neurological diseases. A variety of stem cells from diverse sources have been studied in detail and have been shown to exhibit angiogenetic and immunomodulatory properties in addition to other neuroprotective effects. Published clinical data have shown bone marrow mononuclear cell (BMMNC) injection in neurological disorders is safe and possesses regenerative potential. We illustrate a case of 27-year-old male with traumatic brachial plexus injury, administered with autologous BMMNCs intrathecally and intramuscularly, followed by multidisciplinary rehabilitation. At the follow-up assessment of 3 and 7 months after first cell transplantation, improvements were recorded in muscle strength and movements. Electromyography (EMG) performed after the intervention showed a response in biceps and deltoid muscles suggesting the process of reinnervation at the site of injury. In view of the improvements observed after the treatment, the patient underwent second cell transplantation 8 months after the first transplantation. Muscle wasting had completely stopped with an increase in the muscle girth. No adverse effects were noted. Improvements were maintained for 4 years. A comprehensive randomized study for this type of injury is needed to establish the therapeutic benefits of cellular therapy.

Primary muscular hydatidosis is a very rare condition with an incidence of 1%–4% in endemic regions. This case report describes an unusual location of hydatid cyst in the sartorius muscle and the application of imaging in its preoperative diagnosis, choosing a treatment strategy, and monitoring.

Background: Several methods have been used in wound closure for traumatic wounds, but it is not clear that which of these methods has more safety and efficacy. This study aimed to compare scar width due to standard and current treatments in wound repair by suturing and method of wound restoration using wound tape in patients with traumatic ulcers. Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial was done in ninety patients with wounds in the facial area. They were divided randomly into two groups of 45. The wounds in the first group were sutured, and wound tapes were used to wound closure in the second group. After 2 months, length and width of scar and results of life-size photography were recorded in a list, especially prepared for this purpose. Results: The mean age of the patients was 22.7 ± 12.9 years with 46 males (56.1%) and 36 females (43.9%). After 2 months, scars width in suture wound group was 2.9 mm and in wound tape group was 2.5 mm, with no statistically significant difference (P = 0.07). In patients with wound length of >20 mm, scars width was similar between groups and no significant differences was noted (P = 0.27), but in patients with wound length of <20 mm, scars width in wound tape group was significantly less than suture wound group (1.7 vs. 2.5 mm, respectively, P = 0.01). Wound complications were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: Findings revealed that scar formation in wounds lower than 20 mm treated using wound tape was lower than suture, but for wounds between 20 and 50 mm were similar between wound tape and suture.

Background: Damage to ethmoid skull base (ESB) and lateral lamella (LL) during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) causes penetration into the brain. This study is aimed to determine the relationship between the height of ESB and length of LL by sectional coronal computed tomography (CT) scans before ESS. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 100 patients admitted to ENT clinic of Al-Zahra Hospital, filled the consents regarding the use of CT scan stereotype. Each stereotype was evaluated and using the software on two sides the height of ESB and the length of LL were measured, investigated and recorded. Next, the maximum and minimum height and length in the two sides was measured, and its mean calculated. Then, the relationship between the length of LL and the height of ESB was investigated. Results: There was a direct correlation, with the rate of 0.25 between the length of right LL and height of right ESB that was significant according to Pearson test (P = 0.013). Also, the rate of correlation between the left LL and height of left ESB was 0.15 that was not significant according to Pearson test (P = 0.15). Conclusion: Based on this study there was a direct correlation between height of the right ESB and the length of LL, but this correlation is very low, about 0.25 and even this correlation was lower in the case of left, about 0.15, which both of them are not significant. This may be due to other affecting factors, such as length, slope and angle of fovea ethmoidallis from the horizontal line.

Background: Given the high prevalence rate of ulnar neuropathy and importance of its proper management, to have a baseline information about the normative value of motor nerve conduction of first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle and abductor digiti minimi muscle (ADM) and their differences as well as their relation with different demographic characteristics of our population, we aimed to determine and compare the mean value of motor conduction velocity of FDI and ADM at forearm and across the elbow among the normal population. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, healthy participants were enrolled in the study. Ulnar nerve motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) was recorded from the ADM and the FDI at forearm and across the elbow. Mean MNCV of the ulnar nerve recorded from ADM and FDI was compared. In addition, MNCV of the ulnar nerve measured at the forearm and across the elbow was compared also. Results: During this study, 165 healthy volunteers selected and participated in the study. Mean of ulnar nerve MNCV for ADM was significantly lower than FDI, both at forearm and across the elbow (P < 0.001). Mean of ulnar nerve MNCV was significantly lower at forearm comparing than elbow level for both ADM and FDI (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The findings of the current study provide us a baseline data regarding the normative mean value of ulnar nerve MNCV in different locations, which could be used for providing an appropriate diagnostic protocol for ulnar nerve neuropathy. However, further studies among patients suspected with ulnar nerve neuropathy are needed.

Background: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by seizure recurrence in patients. Electroencephalogram (EEG) has a diagnostic and prognostic role in the management of patients. Studies have shown a significant relation between seizure recurrence and abnormal EEG in newly diagnosed epileptic patients, and people with first episode of unprovoked seizure. The aim of this study is to evaluate seizure frequency in chronic epileptic patients on drug therapy based on normal or abnormal EEG. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study examined seizure recurrence in 59 epileptic patients (50.8% generalized, 49.2% focal) with normal and abnormal EEG. Data were recorded in patient medical file, and patients were followed by telephone call or visiting by neurologist. Results: In this study, 59 patients with a mean age of 29.58 ± 10.37 years were assessed that 42.4% of them were males and 57.6% were females. Seizure frequency in patient with specific abnormal EEG was significantly more than other patients (specific abnormal: 78.9%, nonspecific abnormal: 45.5%, and normal: 31%, P = 0.005). Seizure recurrence in patients on polytherapy was significantly higher than others (polytherapy: 76.9% and monotherapy: 27.3%, P < 0.001). In patient with abnormal imaging seizure, frequency was more than other patients which was nearly significant (P = 0.054). Conclusion: Abnormal EEG and number of anticonvulsant drugs have a role in seizure recurrence in epileptic patients.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) might be an immunodeficiency rather than an excessive inflammatory reaction. IBD, suspected to primary immunodeficiency diseases biobank (IBDSPIDB) as a resource for researches can help improve the prevention, diagnosis, and illness treatment and the health promotion throughout the society. Therefore, we launched the biobank of IBDSPID for the first time in Iran. Materials and Methods: This study was designed to provide the IBDSPIDB to have a high-quality DNA, RNA, and cDNA. Among of 365 patients, 39 have inclusion criteria that were as below: (1) IBD diagnosis before 5 years of age. (2) Resistance to conventional therapy of IBD. (3) Severe IBD. (4) Signs of SPID (including ear infections or pneumonia or recurrent sinus within the 1-year period; failure to thrive; poor response to the prolonged use of antibiotics; persistent thrush or skin abscesses; or a family history of PID). Results: Out of 39 patients, 51.3% were males. The mean age was 32.92 ± 15.90 years old. Ulcerative colitis (79.5%) was more than Crohn's disease. The majority of patients (50.0%) had severe IBDSPID. Resistance to drugs and consanguinity was 12.9% and 47.4%, respectively. Age at onset in 65.8% of patients was after 17 years old. Patients with autoimmune, allergy, and immunodeficiency disease history were 33.3%, 33.3%, and 10.36%, respectively. RNA and cDNA yields large quantities of high-quality DNA obtained and stored. Conclusion: Our biobank would be valuable for future genetic and molecular study to be more about the relation between IBD and PID.

Background: Reconstruction of nervous system is a great challenge in the therapeutic medical field. Nerve tissue engineering is a novel method to regenerate nervous system in human health care. Tissue engineering has introduced novel approaches to promote and guide peripheral nerve regeneration using submicron and nanoscale fibrous scaffolds. Materials and Methods: In this study, 9 wt% poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) solutions with two different ratios of chitosan (CTS) (15%, and 20%) were mixed in trifluoroacetic acid as a cosolvent. Thereafter, random and aligned PHB/CTS scaffolds were fabricated by electrospinning method in an appropriate condition. Results: Average diameters for aligned PHB, PHB/CTS 85:15 and PHB/CTS 80:20 were obtained as 675 nm, 740.3 nm, and 870.74 nm, which was lesser than random fibers. The solution components entity authenticity was approved by Fourier transform infrared. The addition of CTS decreased both water droplet contact angle from 124.79° to 43.14° in random and 110.87° to 33.49° in aligned PHB/CTS fibrous scaffold. Moreover, alignment of fibers causes tremendous increase in hydrophilicity of fibrous PHB/CTS substrate. Tensile strength increased from 6.41 MPa for random to 8.73 MPa for aligned PHB/CTS 85:15. Conclusions: Our results indicated that aligned PHB/CTS 85:15 nanofibers are the desired scaffold than the random PHB/CTS nanofibers for application in nerve tissue regeneration.

Background: Marine organisms produce a variety of compounds with pharmacological activities including anticancer effects. This study attempt to find cytotoxicity of hexane (HEX), dichloromethane (DCM), and butanol (BUTOH) partitions of Sargassum angustifolium. Materials and Methods: S. angustifolium was collected from Bushehr, a Southwest coastline of Persian Gulf. The plant was extracted by maceration with methanol-ethyl acetate. The extract was evaporated under vacuum and partitioned by Kupchan method to yield HEX, DCM, and BUTOH partitions. The cytotoxic activity of the extract (150, 450, and 900 μg/ml) was investigated against MCF-7 (breast cancer), HeLa (cervical cancer), and human umbilical vein endothelial cells cell lines by mitochondrial tetrazolium test assay after 72 h. Results: The cell survivals of HeLa and MCF-7 cell were decreased by increasing the concentration of extracts from 150 μg/ml to 900 μg/ml. The median growth inhibitory concentration value of HEX partition was 71 and 77 μg/ml against HeLa and MCF-7, dichloromethane partition was 36 and 88 μg/ml against HeLa and MCF-7, respectively. BUTOH partition was 25 μg/ml against MCF-7. Conclusion: This study reveals that different partitions of S. angustifolium have cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines.

Background: Cancer is the second cause of death after cardiovascular diseases worldwide. Tumor metastasis is the main cause of death in patients with cancer; therefore, unraveling the molecular mechanisms involved in metastasis is critical. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is believed to promote tumor metastasis. Based on the critical roles of long noncoding RNA-ATB (lncRNA-ATB) and SETD8 genes in cancer pathogenesis and EMT, in this study, we aimed to assess expression profile and clinicopathological relevance of these two genes in human gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to assess these gene expressions in gastric cancer tissues and various cell lines. The associations between these gene expressions and clinicopathological characteristics were also analyzed. Results: Insignificant downregulation of lncRNA-ATB and significant upregulation of SETD8 in cancerous versus noncancerous gastric tissues were observed. Among different examined cell lines, all displayed both genes expression. Except for a significant inverse correlation between the expression levels of lncRNA-ATB and depth of invasion (T) and a direct association between SETD8 levels and advanced tumor grades, no significant association was found with other clinicopathological characteristics. Conclusion: lncRNA-ATB and SETD8 genes may play a critical role in gastric cancer progression and may serve as potential diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers in cancer patients.

Background: Despite conducting wide-ranging of pharmacotherapy for bipolar adolescents, many of them are showing a deficit in functioning with high relapse rate. The aim of the current study was to develop a manual and investigate the efficacy of group cognitive–behavioral therapy (G-CBT) for female bipolar adolescents. Materials and Methods: During the first qualitative phase of a mixed-methods study, a manual of G-CBT was developed. Then, 32 female bipolar adolescents aged 12–19 years old, receiving usual maintenance medications (UMM), were selected. Participants were randomized to the control (UMM) and intervention group (5, 2 h weekly sessions based on G-CBT manual with UMM). The parents in intervention group participated in three parallel sessions. All participants filled the following questionnaires before 1, 3, and 6 months after the initiation of the study: Young Mania Rating Scale, Children Depression Inventory and Global Assessment of Functioning. The results were analyzed using SPSS 21 software. The concurrent qualitative phase was analyzed through thematic analysis. Results: The results showed no significant differences in all questionnaires' scores through intervention and follow-up sessions (P > 0.05). However, using cutoff point of CDI, G-CBT was effective for intervention group (relapse rate: 25% vs. 44.4%). Two themes were extracted from the second qualitative phase: emotion recognition and emotion regulation, especially in anger control. Conclusions: The results showed that the addition of G-CBT to UMM leads to decrease in the depressive scores but has no effect on manic symptoms and relapse rate.

Background: Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative, opportunistic human pathogen in which increasing antibiotic resistance is a great concern for continued human survival. Although biofilm formation is a mechanism that helps E. coli to survive in unfavorable conditions, according to the importance of biofilm formation in developing the antibiotic resistance here, we studied the relation between antibiotic resistance and in vitro qualitative rating method biofilm formation in E. coli isolated from patients with urinary tract infection (UTI). Materials and Methods: The clinical isolates of E. coli (n = 100) were collected from urine of patients with UTI attending Isfahan Alzahra hospital. The strains were confirmed as E. coli using biochemical tests and molecular method. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion tests were done according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute protocol, and the biofilm synthesis was performed by microplate method. The binary logistic test was applied and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Our results showed a high outbreak of multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli strains (73%) and the highest resistance was observed toward ampicillin. The prevalence of biofilm producer isolates was 80% that 29% produced strong biofilm. The distribution of non-MDR isolates was high among strong biofilm producers, which shows a significant negative correlation between biofilm production and MDR pattern (P < 0.001). Conclusions: We found a negative correlation between MDR phenotype and biofilm formation capacity. This transmits the concept that more antibiotic susceptibility of strong biofilm producers may be due to the reduced exposure to multiple antibiotics.