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Original Article:
Effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on clinical signs and quality of life in patients with hemophilic arthropathy of the knee joint: A randomized controlled trial
Azam Khami, Mohammad Mohsen Roostayi, Behrouz Parhampour, Zahra Heidari, Hamzeh Baharlouei, Hamid Hoorfar
Adv Biomed Res
2020, 9:81 (23 December 2020)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_244_18
Background:
Hemophilic arthropathy (HA) causes severe joint damage and impairs the quality of life (QoL) of hemophiliacs. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) on the clinical signs and QoL of patients with severe hemophilia A experiencing moderate HA in the knee joint.
Materials and Methods:
Thirty-six severe hemophiliacs with HA of the knee joint were randomly assigned into the PEMF (
n
= 20) or placebo (
n
= 16) groups. The PEMF group received 60 min of PEMF (2 Hz, 25 Gauss for 30 min and 70 Hz, 30 Gauss for 30 min) on the knee joint, three times per week for 6 weeks. The clinical signs, QoL, and pain intensity were measured by the Hemophilia Joint Health Score, A36 Hemofilia-QoL Questionnaire, and visual analog scale, respectively, before and after treatment.
Results:
In the PEMF group, a significant difference before and after intervention in terms of clinical signs, QoL, and pain intensity (
P
< 0.05) was founded. Between-group analysis showed a significant improvement in clinical signs (except for atrophy, strength, and swelling duration), QoL, and pain intensity in the PEMF versus control group (
P
< 0.05).
Conclusions:
PEMF can improve the clinical signs, QoL, and pain intensity of severe hemophilia A patient with moderate knee hemophilic arthropathy.
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Original Article:
Utilizing calcium alginate for the assessment of bone morphogenetic protein 15 induction effect on the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell derived from human follicular fluid to oocyte-like structure
Ali Reza Moghadam, Mahin Taheri Moghadam, Ghasem Saki, Roshan Nikbakht
Adv Biomed Res
2020, 9:80 (23 December 2020)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_200_20
Background:
Follicular fluid (FF)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are possible new source of cells in the study of oogenesis and regenerative medicine. Several biomaterials have been used as scaffolds to mimic ovarian tissue stroma. Using good matrix is essential for increasing the cell survival rate, proliferation, and differentiation. However, no study has been performed to investigate the effects of BMP15 and calcium alginate hydrogel on the differentiation potential of FF-derived MSCs to oocyte-like structures (OLSs).
Materials and Methods
: In this work, FF MSCs, which were collected from women in routine
in vitro
fertilization procedure, were capsulated with 0.5% calcium alginate, and then the encapsulated cells were cultured in medium containing BMP15 for 2 weeks. Trypan blue staining was carried out to determine cell viability. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunofluorescence (ICC) staining method were performed to characterize the expression of OCT4, Nanog, ZP2, and ZP3 genes and protein. The encapsulation process did not change the morphology and viability of the encapsulated cells.
Results:
Reverse-transcription-PCR and ICC showed that MSCs expressed germ line stem cell markers such as OCT4 and Nanog. After 4 days of culture, OLSs formed and expressed zona pellucida markers. OLSs at least reached 180–230 μm in diameter in the control and BMP15-treated groups. Finally, a reduction in the expression pattern of pluripotency and ZP markers was detected in the encapsulated cells cultured in the BMP15-supplemented medium.
Conclusion:
The three-dimensional alginate culture system seems to be a promising method of getting
in vitro
differentiation and development of ovarian cells, which could mimic the native ovarian condition.
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Original Article:
The effect of
Sargassum glaucescens
from the Persian gulf on neuropathy pain induced by paclitaxel in mice
Afsaneh Yegdaneh, Anahita Saeedi, Tanin Shahmiveh, Golnaz Vaseghi
Adv Biomed Res
2020, 9:79 (23 December 2020)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_183_20
Background
: Marine seaweeds are a famous type of traditional food containing various kinds of secondary metabolites. These organisms have different biological activities such as antitumor, antiviral, and antioxidant. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of total extract of
Sargassum glaucescens
on neuropathy pain induced by paclitaxel in mice.
Materials and Methods:
S. glaucescens
was collected from the Persian Gulf. The seaweed was extracted by maceration with methanol-ethyl acetate (1:1) solvent. The effect of the extract on neuropathy pain induced by paclitaxel was analyzed. All results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance.
Results:
Acute administration of
S. glaucescens
extract (100 and 200 mg/kg intraperitoneally [i.p.]) 30 min before the test on the 11
th
day significantly reduced the duration of paw licking (
P
< 0.001).
Conclusions:
Chronic treatment with
S. glaucescens
extract (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg i.p.) from the 6
th
day until the 10
th
day reduced the duration of paw licking. Therefore,
S. glaucescens
should be considered for further treatment of neuropathy.
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Original Article:
Evaluation of effect of gestational diabetes mellitus on composition of the initial oral microbiota of neonates
Purushottam Singh, Parveen Rajora, Anuj Singh Parihar, Prabhjot Kaur, Piyush Gandhi, Vaishali Gandhi
Adv Biomed Res
2020, 9:78 (23 December 2020)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_179_20
Background:
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the commonly occurring high-risk obstetric complications that accounts for 4%–9% of total pregnancies. The present study was an attempt to assess the effect of GDM on composition of the neonatal oral microbiota.
Materials and Methods:
In this study, oral samples from 155 full-term vaginally delivered newborns were collected with sterile swabs. Seventy-five mothers diagnosed with GDM group and 80 were nondiabetic mothers (control). The oral microbiota was evaluated and analyzed by SPSS software.
Results:
The mean gestational age in Group I was 38.1 weeks and in Group II was 39.6 weeks.
Firmicutes
was present in 38.1% in Group I versus 77.6% in Group II patients,
Actinobacteria
was seen in 15.2% in Group I and 7.4% in Group II,
Bacteroidetes
in 27.6% in Group I and 7.9% in Group II,
Proteobacteria
in 9.5% in Group I and 3.8% in Group II, and
Tenericutes
in 9.6% in Group I and 3.3% in Group II. There was a significant difference in major genera
Prevotella
,
Bacteroidetes
,
Bifidobacterium
,
Corynebacterium
, Ureaplasma, and
Weissella
in both groups (
P
< 0.05).
Conclusion:
There was increased bacterial microbiota in neonates born to mothers with GDM as compared to neonates born to nondiabetic mothers. Assessment of initial oral microbiota of neonates could help in assessing the early effect of GDM on neonatal oral microbial flora.
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Original Article:
Antihypertensive effects of standardized asafoetida: Effect on hypertension induced by angiotensin II
Farzaneh Kazemi, Reza Mohebbati, Saeed Niazmand, Mohammad Naser Shafei
Adv Biomed Res
2020, 9:77 (23 December 2020)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_106_20
Background:
Asafoetida is an oleo-gum-resin obtained from the rhizome of
Ferula assa-foetida
plant that its effects on hypertension have been reported. This study examines the effect of aqueous extract of asafoetida on the cardiovascular parameters in acute hypertension induced by angiotensin II (AngII).
Materials and Methods:
Thirty-six male rats were divided into six groups including Group 1: control; Group 2: AngII (50 ng/kg, intravenous); Group 3: losartan (Los; 10 mg/kg, i. p) + AngII; and Groups 4, 5, and 6 that received three doses of asafoetida (10, 30, and 60 mg/kg, i. p), separately. Los and extract were injected 30 min before hypertension induced by AngII. The femoral artery was cannulated and was connected to a pressure transducer, and cardiovascular parameters (systolic blood pressure [SBP], mean arterial pressure [MAP], and heart rate [HR]) were continuously recorded by a Power Lab system. The changes (△) of parameters were calculated and used for statistical analysis.
Results:
AngII significantly increased the value of △ SBP and △ MAP compared to the control and significantly decreased △ HR value. Injection of Los attenuated increased cardiovascular responses by AngII. Three doses of asafoetida ameliorated cardiovascular responses by AngII. Three doses of asafoetida decreased the △ HR non significantly compared to AngII.
Conclusion:
Our results indicated that aqueous extract of asafoetida ameliorated cardiovascular responses in acute hypertension induced by AngII. This effect in a lower dose was more effective and comparable with Los. Therefore, a part of antihypertensive effect of asafoetida is mediated through inhibition of the AngII receptor type 1 receptor of AngII.
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Original Article:
Diagnostic value of pyruvate kinase isoenzyme type M2 in colon cancer proven with colonoscopy
Hamid Kalantari, Mahsa Khodadoostan, Majid Yaran, Abdolrasoul Tavakoli
Adv Biomed Res
2020, 9:76 (23 December 2020)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_91_20
Background:
Colonoscopy is the gold standard for colon cancer screening; it is also associated with a high cost and complication. Proliferating cells, in particular tumor cells, express a dimeric isoenzyme of pyruvate kinase, termed M2 pyruvate kinase (M2-PK). The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of fecal M2-PK for colon cancer.
Materials and Methods:
Forty-nine patients with colon cancers and 49 healthy controls were selected consecutively among individuals undergoing screening colonoscopy for various indications. The diagnosis was confirmed by histology. M2-PK measurements were done by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of fecal occult blood test (FOBT) and immunological FOBT (IFOBT) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Results:
M2-PK > 9 (U/mL) was the best cutoff point in the detection of colon cancers. In this cutoff point, sensitivity and specificity were 87.8% and 91.8%, respectively, and accuracy was 89.8%. The sensitivity and specificity of IFOBT were 93.9% and 100%, respectively, and accuracy was 96.9%. The sensitivity and specificity of FOBT were 65.3% and 100%, respectively, and accuracy was 82.6%.
Conclusion:
IFOBT with high sensitivity and specificity and accuracy and low cost is the best fecal screening test. The current study suggests that fecal M2-PK can be used for high-risk colon cancer patients and negative IFOBT that refused colonoscopy as a precolonoscopy screening test.
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Case Report:
Pancytopenia without hepatosplenomegaly: A rare manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in an adolescent boy
K Sushrith Kumar Yadav, Aman Kumar Agrawal, Seba Ranjan Biswal, Pragnya Panda, Prateek Kumar Panda, Indar Kumar Sharawat
Adv Biomed Res
2020, 9:75 (23 December 2020)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_170_20
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a well-recognized cause of pyrexia of unknown origin. However, clinical presentation of TB in children with isolated hematological abnormalities is extremely rare. Anemia, usually normocytic, normochromic, leukopenia, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, thrombocytosis, and monocytosis are more common complications of TB rather than pancytopenia. Only anecdotal case reports and small case series are available in this regard. We are reporting an 18-year-old boy who presented with on and off low-grade fever for 3 months and anorexia and progressive pallor for 1 month. After extensive workup, pancytopenia remained unexplained. Bone marrow (BM) examination revealed caseating granulomas, along with Mantoux positivity and contact with sputum-positive pulmonary TB. He responded favorably to antitubercular therapy (ATT) within 2 months. This report alerts clinicians to be vigilant regarding the rare possibility of BM TB while investigating unexplained pancytopenia, as it is completely reversible with ATT.
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Systematic Review:
Liver function tests profile in COVID-19 patients at the admission time: A systematic review of literature and conducted researches
Azadeh Laali, Alireza Tabibzadeh, Maryam Esghaei, Parastoo Yousefi, Saber Soltani, Hossein Ajdarkosh, Alireza Mosavi-Jarrahi, Mohamad Hadi Karbalaie Niya
Adv Biomed Res
2020, 9:74 (23 December 2020)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_73_20
Background:
Since the start of coronavirus epidemic in Wuhan, China, in early December 2019, many literatures addressed its epidemiology, virology, and clinical presentation. In this review, we systematically reviewed the published literature in the field of liver function tests profile in COVID-19 patients at the admission time.
Materials and Methods:
systematic literature search were performed in EMBASE, PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus using “severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)”, “SARS,” “SARS-CoV,” “coronavirus,” “novel coronavirus,” “liver,” “hepatitis,” “Liver function” keywords. The search was limited to range from 2019 to May 19, 2020.
Results:
From a total 7298 articles, 145 were screened and 18 were eligible for further analysis. The highest rate of liver associated comorbidities was reported 11%. The aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were the most frequent assessed enzymes. Increase in AST level was seen in 10%–53% of patients while The ALT increase was seen in 5%–28% of COVID-19 patients at the admission time. The prothrombin time was increase in 7%–12% of patients and the D-dimer was reports increase in 14%–36% of COVID-19 patients at the admission time. Furthermore, albumin decrease was seen in 6%–98% of COVID-19 patients at the admission time.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, by using the results of study, it could be suggested that the liver function tests assessment is critical assessment in COVID-19 patients at the admission time. This liver function test could be used as potential prognostic factor in COVID-19 severity in future.
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5
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2020
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[
8
]
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[
7
]
October
[
13
]
September
[
10
]
August
[
10
]
July
[
7
]
June
[
4
]
May
[
5
]
April
[
5
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March
[
3
]
February
[
4
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January
[
5
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2019
December
[
2
]
November
[
5
]
October
[
5
]
September
[
7
]
August
[
6
]
July
[
3
]
June
[
7
]
May
[
5
]
April
[
8
]
March
[
6
]
February
[
8
]
January
[
10
]
2018
December
[
9
]
November
[
9
]
October
[
11
]
September
[
5
]
August
[
10
]
July
[
10
]
June
[
13
]
May
[
17
]
April
[
17
]
March
[
19
]
February
[
19
]
January
[
20
]
2017
December
[
13
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November
[
21
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October
[
12
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September
[
9
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August
[
15
]
July
[
22
]
June
[
11
]
May
[
14
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April
[
14
]
March
[
21
]
February
[
8
]
January
[
8
]
2016
December
[
17
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November
[
20
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October
[
13
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September
[
11
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August
[
21
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July
[
16
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June
[
17
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May
[
17
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April
[
16
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March
[
36
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February
[
14
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January
[
14
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2015
December
[
2
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November
[
15
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October
[
25
]
September
[
29
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August
[
29
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July
[
31
]
June
[
11
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May
[
39
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March
[
15
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February
[
29
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January
[
34
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2014
December
[
23
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November
[
25
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October
[
18
]
September
[
19
]
August
[
22
]
July
[
13
]
June
[
11
]
May
[
22
]
April
[
2
]
March
[
24
]
February
[
11
]
January
[
77
]
2013
November
[
10
]
October
[
5
]
August
[
1
]
July
[
23
]
June
[
11
]
March
[
42
]
2012
December
[
4
]
October
[
17
]
August
[
34
]
July
[
15
]
May
[
10
]
March
[
7
]
1900
January
[
1
]
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