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Original Article:
Investigating the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and sexual self-confidence and sexual self-efficacy in individuals with gender dysphoria
Maedeh Yazdkhasti, Mitra Molaeinezhad, Mohammad Javad Tarrahi, Mojgan Karahmadi, Hajar Salimi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:232 (28 September 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_443_22
Background:
Due to the negative effects of sexual identity disorder and the lack of attention from family and society, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between Young's Early Maladaptive Schemas (YEMS) and sexual self-confidence and sexual self-efficacy in individuals with gender dysphoria (GD) after surgery.
Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was performed on 45 individuals with GD undergoing sex reassignment surgery (SRS). Three of YEMS questionnaire (YEMSQ), sexual self-confidence, and sexual self-efficacy were completed.
Results:
The YEMSQ score had a significant inverse relationship with sexual self-efficacy (correlation = -0.333,
P-
value = 0.025). In addition, dimensions of emotional deprivation, failure to achieve, dependence/incompetence, vulnerability to harm and Illness, insufficient self-control/self-discipline, and subjugation had an adverse effect on the self-confidence and sexual self-efficacy in these individuals (
P
-value <0.05).
Conclusion:
According to the results of this study, YEMSQ score, sexual self-confidence, and self-efficacy were not significantly different between the two groups of male-to-female (MF) and female-to-male (FM). Also, the formation or development of these schemas in childhood in these individuals can be influential in reducing their sexual self-efficacy.
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Case Report:
Vertigo can give notice of herpes simplex virus encephalitis
Kiarash Azimzadeh, Farinaz Tabibian, Parisa Emami Ardestani
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:231 (28 September 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_404_22
Identification of uncommon clinical features of herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSVE) worth noting. Vertigo has been rarely reported as a symptom of encephalitis due to Herpesviridae. However, no case had vertigo as the only neurologic presentation at the onset of the disease. Hereby, a patient with vertigo as the first neurologic symptom of HSVE is described and possible pathophysiological mechanisms are explained.
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Case Report:
A rare case of spinocerebellar ataxia autosomal recessive 21 presented with liver disease
Narges Zare, Hosein Saneian, Majid Khademian
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:230 (28 September 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_139_22
Spinocerebellar ataxia autosomal recessive 21 is known as a very rare disease. It is caused by a homozygous mutation in the SCYL1 gene on chromosome 11q13 and presented in early childhood. The common presentations of this disease are recurrent episodes of liver failure, chronic liver fibrosis, cerebellar atrophy in early childhood, late onset of learning disabilities, and peripheral neuropathy. Diagnosis of spinocerebellar ataxia autosomal recessive 21 is challenging, especially due to the variety of clinical presentations. In the current study, we present an 11-year-old girl diagnosed with spinocerebellar ataxia autosomal recessive 21. She had multiple episodes of acute hepatic failure with later presentations of neurological dysfunctions. The diagnosis of spinocerebellar ataxia autosomal recessive 21 was made by genetic testing.
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Original Article:
Posterior leaflet of mitral valve—Is it really tri-scalloped? —A morphological and morphometric study in North Indian cadaveric hearts
Bhagya Shree, Rajan Kumar Singla, Sachin Soni, Ashwini Kumar, Sanjay Kumar Sharma, Sushant Swaroop Das, Nidhi Puri
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:229 (28 September 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_330_22
Background:
Maintaining normal left ventricular geometry and function depends on the mitral valve's normal integrity. Irreparable damage to the mitral valve calls for its replacement using either a valve made up of biological tissue or metal, pyrolytic carbon, and similar materials.
Materials and Methods:
The material consists of 50 formalin-fixed adults, seemingly normal cadaveric hearts of either sex which were received from the Department of Anatomy of various institutes in the north region. These hearts were cut open to access the mitral valve in the left ventricle.
Results:
In this study, the posterior leaflet was semi-oval in shape being 3.72 cm wide at the base. Usually said to be tri-scalloped, interestingly, it was found so only in 56% of the hearts; being bi-scalloped in 20% and single-cusped in 16% of the hearts. Even four scallops and six scallops were observed in three (6%) and one (2%) hearts, respectively.
Conclusions:
To conclude, notable variation has been seen in the scallops of posterolateral cusps in the present study. The number of scallops varies greatly as single, double, three, four, or tetra-scalloped and most significant six or hexa-scalloped which has never been reported in the previous studies. To understand the rationale behind each unique architectural layout, such noticeable variations are crucial for scientists around the world. Cardiothoracic surgeons could find this information valuable for mitral valve surgery repair.
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Original Article:
Evaluating the effectiveness of conventional prostheses against dual-mobility prostheses in the treatment of femoral neck fractures in two separate groups of patients: A clinical trial study
Mohammad Parhamfar, Alireza Hosseini, Mostafa Khashei, Mehdi Motififard, Amirmohammad Taravati, Somayeh Shirazinejad, Ali Afsharirad, Amirhossein Sadeghian, Ali Sherafati Chaleshtori
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:228 (27 September 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_108_23
Background:
Femoral neck fracture is a common posttraumatic injury in the elderly. Currently, orthopedic surgeons conducting total hip arthroplasty (THA) for hip fractures have various prosthetic alternatives. Dual-mobility cup THA is recommended for hip fracture patients to reduce prosthesis dislocation. Therefore, the goal of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of conventional prostheses against dual-mobility prostheses in treating femoral neck fractures in two groups of patients.
Materials and Methods:
The current clinical investigation involved patients with femoral neck fractures. Among approved 84 patients, 44 and 40 were undergoing conventional THA (group A) and dual-mobility THA (group B), respectively. Patients were observed regularly after surgeries, and the same measurements were performed. The data were assembled and entered into SPSS software (version 25, IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA) and analyzed. In all analyses, a
P
value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Results:
Eighty-four cases with an average age of 63.97 years were evaluated. In postoperative follow-up, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of Harris hip score, SF-36, and infection (
P
> 0.05). However, patients who received conventional implants had more dislocation postoperatively (
P
= 0.045). Regarding the rehabilitation costs, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups, so the group using the conventional implants incurred a higher cost (
P
= 0.041).
Conclusion:
According to the results, both dual mobility and conventional implants had optimal functional outcomes in patients with femoral neck fractures.
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Original Article:
microRNAs regulate survivin in colorectal cancer patients
Hadi Chavoshi, Soghra Bornehdeli, Milad Asadi, Roya Dolatkhah, Ayse Caner, Mortaza Raeisi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:227 (27 September 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_233_22
Background:
Impaired levels of surviving are associate with increased survival of tumor cells. In this study, we intended to profile the microRNAs (miRNAs) targeting survivin in the tumoral and marginal tissues obtained from Iranian patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).
Materials and Methods:
Fifty CRC patients of Iranian Azari ethnicity were recruited. The RNA content of the tumoral and marginal tissues was isolated and the transcript levels of miR-34a, miR-16, miR-150, and miR-203a and survivin were determined through quantitative Real-time PCR.
Results:
The mRNA expression of survivin was significantly increased (fold change = 3.21,
P
= 0.0029) in the tumoral tissues in comparison to the marginal tissues. There was significant downregulation of miR-16 (fold change = 0.28,
P
= 0.003) and miR-203a (fold change = 0.36,
P
= 0.014) in the tumoral samples in comparison to marginal samples. There was an inverse significant correlation (
rho
= -0.81;
P
< 0.001) between the expression of miR-203a and mRNA expression of survivin in the tumoral tissues of CRC patients. The mRNA expression of survivin was higher significantly in the tumoral tissues of CRC patients with lymph node metastasis in comparison to those without lymph node metastasis (
P
= 0.020). In addition, there was a significantly higher miR-203 expression level in the tumoral tissues of CRC patients with lymph node metastasis in comparison to those without lymph node metastasis (
P
= 0.011).
Conclusion:
It is suggested that miR-203 plays an oncogenic role in CRC cancer by regulating survivin and lymph node metastasis.
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Original Article:
Evaluation of using panoramic radiography and ultrasonography for diagnosing carotid artery calcifications
Mojdeh Mehdizadeh, Shiva Shahbazi, Hossein Taheri, Azar Eslami
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:226 (27 September 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_406_21
Background:
The aim of this study was to determine the reliability of panoramic radiograph (PR) as a screening tool for the detection of calcified carotid atheroma (CCA) in comparison with Doppler ultrasonography (DU) examination.
Materials and Methods:
In this study, DU was performed for 52 patients who had carotid calcification or other differential diagnoses of carotid calcification on PR routine screening. The data relating to the presence or absence of calcified atheroma in DU and PR were evaluated using SPSS software.
Results:
In the 52 stated patients, CCA of 9 (18%) patients was diagnosed in the PR. Significant differences in CCA between the two sexes were not found. Also, considerable differences between the left and right sides (
P
= 0/906) were not found. Moreover, the positive cases who are diagnosed using ultrasonography and PR were 2.25% and 6.5%, respectively.
Conclusion:
PR method is not a good choice for the primary diagnosis method for the carotid artery calcifications due to its less positive diagnosing ratio compared to DU.
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Original Article:
Impact of using standard and high-resolution exposure modalities of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) system for dental implants dimension measurements
Mojdeh Mehdizadeh, Parvaneh Rostamzadeh, Hossein Taheri
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:225 (27 September 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_386_21
Background:
This study aimed to analyze the effects of standard and high-resolution exposures on the diagnostic accuracy of CBCT in the evaluation of dental implant dimensions.
Materials and Methods:
A descriptive–analytical study was carried out on 40 dry human mandibles with appropriate ridge quality based on panoramic radiography. CBCT (Soredex, Cranex 3D, Finland) with a large field of view (FOV) and CMOS flat panel detector were used. CBCT with standard and a high resolution was performed in each mandible. Axial images, reconstructed by OnDemand 3D software, were processed to prepare cross-sectional images from the areas marked by gutta-percha, and then measured by a ruler with an accuracy of 0.01 millimeter in the computer. Measurements were recorded by two observers and the obtained data were compared with the real ones.
Results:
The results showed suitable repeatability in radiologic measurements (
r
= 0.971), which is indicative of the high reliability of intraobserver measurement. The measurement of width with high-resolution exposure indicated a significant difference with the real condition (
P
< 0.001); however, this difference was not significant in the case of standard resolution (
P
> 0.05). Measurement of height with high resolution showed a significant difference with the real condition in the right mandible (
P
= 0.04) and left mandible (
P
= 0.05); however, this difference was not significant in standard resolution (
P
> 0.05).
Conclusion:
Based on our findings, the standard CBCT resolution modality is suggested for dental implant images due to its higher accuracy than high-resolution methods for diagnosing the implant dimensions.
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Original Article:
Molecular and antigen detection, phylogenetics, and immunoinformatics study of the zoonotic coronavirus in Iranian diarrheic calves
Soodeh Enayati, Mohammad M Ranjbar, Soodeh Hooshmandi, Shahrzad Ahangarzadeh, Shima Aboutalebian
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:224 (27 September 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_422_22
Background:
Bovine coronaviruses (BCoVs) are zoonotic diseases that result in substantial economic losses due to mortality, impaired growth, and increased medication expenses in large animals. These viruses pose a risk to children who live beside infected animal, as they can cause diarrhea. This study was dedicated to molecular and antigen detections and phylogenetic and immunoinformatics analysis of zoonotic coronavirus (CoV) in Iran.
Materials and Methods:
A total of 77 diarrheic samples were collected from Holstein dairy herds in selected provinces of Iran. Samples were tested by capture antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect CoV and reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) for verification of detection and also genotyping of spike glycoprotein in CoV-positive samples. After statistical analysis, nucleotide sequence alignment, and nucleotide and protein phylogenetic tree construction, the centralized sequence for vaccine strains was obtained using computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA)'s center-of-the-tree (COT) method.
Results:
Twenty-two (28.5%) and eight (10.3%) of 77 samples were positive according to RT–PCR and ELISA, respectively. (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) BLAST and phylogenetic analysis revealed that most similar sequences to the Iranian CoV sequence were for European countries. Furthermore, there were strong correlations to other CoVs in humans and wild and domesticated animals. As CoV has variable COT, the most recent strains and COBRA vaccine strains were obtained.
Conclusion:
Based on the high prevalence of this viral disease in calves and its economic impact on the breeding industry, as well as the potential transmission to humans and correlation with World Health Organization (WHO) One Health approach guidelines, the study emphasizes the importance of implementing preventive strategies such as animal vaccination.
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Original Article:
Efficacy of Balloon Angioplasty in Patients with Central Venous Stenosis or Obstruction Resulting from Central Vein Catheter Placement
Abbas Saroukhani, Akbar Sedighi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:223 (31 August 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_42_21
Background:
Prolonged catheter insertion in central veins of hemodialysis patients usually causes central venous stenosis (CVS). These patients present with upper limbs, head and neck, and chest edema or hemodialysis problems. This study was done to determine the clinical success of balloon angioplasty for the treatment of symptomatic CVS/obstruction.
Materials and Methods:
Sixty-one hemodialysis patients who underwent endovascular treatment for CVS enrolled in this cross-sectional study between January 2017 and July 2018 at our institute. Enrollment included 29 female and 32 male subjects with a mean age of 58.9 ± 9.9 (range: 33–78) years.
Results:
A total of 61 patients underwent interventions for endovascular treatment of central venous disease. 38 out of 61 patients completed all three phases of the study (the beginning, after 3 and 6 months). The average diameter of central vein in venography at the beginning of the study, 3 and 6 months later were 8.66 mm, 8.03 mm, and 7.66 mm, respectively. The average patency was 45%, and 54% and 51% at the beginning of the study, 3 and 6 months after the treatment, respectively. There was an increase in central vein patency after 3 months of treatment, with significant difference among 3 phases (
P
< 0.000).
Conclusion:
Endovascular treatment is effective and safe for patients with central vascular stenosis with less complication rate compared to open surgical treatments, and the rate of venous patency in the treated veins with balloon angioplasty after 3 months is excellent, but this rate after 6 months is significantly reduced.
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Case Report:
Acral Solitary Nodule as a First Clinical Manifestation of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Fatemeh Mohaghegh, Nazila Poostiyan, Elnaz Poostiyan
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:222 (31 August 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_268_22
Leukemia cutis is a rare cutaneous manifestation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) which mostly occurs in the late stages of the disease. We reported an unusual case of a patient with leukemia cutis that developed before the diagnosis of CLL and mimicked cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). A 52-year-old female presented with an ulcerative nodule on the right forearm. The lesion initially was suspected of being cutaneous leishmaniasis; however, the examination of skin lesion biopsy revealed a dense, diffuse, and monomorphous infiltration of lymphocytes in the dermis. Furthermore, immuno-histochemistry analysis of skin lesion biopsy was indicative of small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). The result of laboratory tests showed high white blood cell and lymphocyte counts. The results of bone marrow smear, flow cytometric analysis, and computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis were suggestive of CLL/SLL (stage I). This case has clinical implications for early diagnosis and management of CLL/SLL.
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Original Article:
Transitional Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus Infection in Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study and National Review
Malihe Hasanzadeh, Saeid Amel Jamehdar, Leila Mousavi Seresht, Mohammad Taghi Shakeri, Somaye Bolandi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:221 (31 August 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_396_21
Background:
The high prevalence of cervical cancer in developing countries, despite its preventive nature, makes the disease a principal matter of concern for scientific studies. Providing global availability of primary and secondary preventive methods based on the high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), which is the well-known pathogenesis in most malignant cervical lesions, has become the World Health Organization's (WHO's) critical target for 2030. Considering the demographic diversity and manufacturing of the internal vaccine in Iran, there is need for more study on the cost-effectiveness of these strategies.
Materials and Methods:
This study intends to assess female HPV prevalence at the time in Iran provinces, especially in the capital province, Khorasan Razavi, in the north to establish a scientific rationale for conducting further studies on arguments for and against national HPV prevention strategies in line with the WHO. In this population-based study, the HPV prevalence was evaluated in 900 cervical samples accumulated between 2012 and 2015. The data were later compared with recently published data in the same province, in the north of Iran.
Result:
Based on the results of our cross-sectional study, the estimated prevalence of HPV infection in the northern female population was 4.1% in 2015 and significantly increased to 35% in 2021.
Conclusion:
The hypothesis of the impact of behavioral and cultural changes in addition to population aging on general health indicates the need for national health promotion strategies. Additionally, it emphasizes the critical significance of conducting further investigational studies to obtain the actual and updated prevalence of HPV in Iran.
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Original Article:
Diffusion-Weighted MRI Monitoring of Embolic Brain Stroke for COVID-19 Patients
Hamed Taheri, Reza Moghareabed, Maryam Farghadani, Sheyda Lafz, Hossein Taheri
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:220 (31 August 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_360_21
Background:
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic around the world has some adverse effects on the human body, and there is limited data about the impacts of this pandemic disease on embolic brain stroke.
Materials and Methods:
Fifty-two COVID-19 patients with embolic brain stroke were included in this study. The COVID-19 patients were diagnosed according to their clinical findings. The patients underwent diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of different points of their brain were calculated using MRIcro software.
Results:
The embolic strokes were mostly diagnosed in the medial temporal lobe for both COVID-19 and others. In addition, a combination of COVID-19 with other inflammations and infections was not diagnosed in the studied patients. The mean ADC values of the central region were significantly lower than other regions of the brain stroke for the COVID-19 and other patients. Moreover, the maximum and minimum ADC values of the central region for COVID-19 and other patients were significantly different compared to the other regions. Whereas, the mean and minimum ADC values of the brain's normal regions were not significantly different in the edge regions for both groups, while in the COVID-19 and other patients the maximum ADC value of the edge regions was considerably lower compared to the normal regions.
Conclusion:
The embolic stroke of COVID-19 patients is likely to occur in the medial temporal lobe of the brain. Moreover, the ADC and relative ADC (rADC) values of embolic brain stroke in COVID-19 patients are not significantly different compared to others.
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Review Article:
A Mini-Review of Current Treatment Approaches and Gene Therapy as Potential Interventions for Diabetes Mellitus Types 1
Hoda Mohammad Dezashibi, Aliakbar Shabani
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:219 (31 August 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_201_23
Diabetes mellitus type 1 is a chronic condition characterized by the loss or dysfunction of β-cells in the pancreas, resulting in insufficient insulin production. This mini-review examines current treatment approaches and explores the potential of gene therapy as interventions for type 1 diabetes mellitus. The discussed strategies include β-cell sensitization, β-cell regeneration from various cell sources, stem cell therapies, and the promotion of β-cell replication. The article emphasizes the importance of understanding the pathways involved in β-cell proliferation and the factors influencing their replication. Stem cell therapies, particularly using embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, hold promise for generating β-cells and replacing damaged or lost cells. Additionally, gene therapy offers a novel approach by manipulating genes involved in insulin production and glucose metabolism. However, ethical considerations, tumorigenic risks, and the translation of these therapies into clinical trials pose challenges. Nonetheless, the ongoing research and advancements in these areas provide hope for improved management and treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
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Original Article:
Feasibility Study and Design of the ICU Infection Registry System for Patients Admitted to the Alzahra University Hospital in Isfahan: A Methodology Study
Soodabeh Rostami, Setayesh Sindarreh, Amirhossein Akhavan Sigari, Marzieh Salimi Bani, Behjat Taheri, Saeed Abbasi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:218 (31 August 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_267_22
Background:
Data gathering and bioinformatics play a significant role in the management and treatment of patients, especially of critically ill patients. This study assesses the feasibility and design of a registration system for nosocomial infections and sepsis in the intensive care unit of Alzahra university hospital in Isfahan.
Methods:
The members of the registration system consisting of physicians and nurses of the ICU, infectious disease and pulmonary specialists, microbiologists, infection control supervisors, and librarians. The data collection tool was a researcher-made checklist. To design the framework of the tool, researchers investigated various tools and indices in references and databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and national databases regarding ICU infection and disease registration systems. Essential items in this field were selected and a preliminary draft was prepared to record the data of patients with ICU-related infections. After applying experts' opinions, the checklist was reviewed, and the final approval of the checklist was obtained.
Results:
The final version of the checklist is prepared in three parts consisting of demographic data, principle variables (data required for registration of a patient), and the extended variables including details of the principle variables, and the data used to diagnose and treat.
Conclusion:
The ICU infection registration system can predict the prevalence of infection, monitor services and treatment of patients, analyze survival, assess clinical care outcomes, and investigate drug-related interventions. Reducing hospitalization costs by stratifying patients, providing a database for research studies, assessing the cost-effectiveness of interventions, are other advantages that resulted from the design of this system.
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Original Article:
Outcomes of Operative Treatment of Traumatic Spinal Injuries: 2-Year Follow-Up
Mehdi Mahmoodkhani, Majid Rezvani, Arman Farshin, Pouria Ghasemi, Donya Sheibani Tehrani
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:217 (31 August 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_82_23
Background:
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is the second cause of complications and disability after brain injury. Although primary prevention is the best strategy, obtaining the necessary knowledge about the patient's condition and follow-up treatment can lead to the use of safety measures and appropriate healthcare planning. This is the basis of this study with the aim of a two-year follow-up of patients with traumatic SCI (TSCI) who underwent surgery.
Materials and Methods:
This study was a descriptive and analytical type that examined 79 patients with TSCI who had undergone surgery two years ago. The data were collected by a standard questionnaire and analyzed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 software.
Results:
Among the patients in our study, 39.2% of them had the initial C American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) score followed by patients with grade D (31.6%), grade A (15.2%), and grade E (14%), respectively, and also, a most common type of vertebral column injuries is burst fractures with a prevalence of 62%, followed by fracture–dislocation injury (25.3%) and compressed fracture (12.7%). Regarding the improvement of patients according to ASIA grade, the highest percentage of improvement is seen in grad grades D (84% and 77%), and grade A patients have improved to grade B by about 33.3%. In the study conducted, 5% of patients died during 24 months of follow-up, which means 75% of the deceased patients were grade A patients at the time of admission.
Conclusion:
As mentioned, the most important predictor of the patient's prognosis is the patient's initial condition.
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Original Article:
Effect of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy on Pain Management of Patients with Post-Stroke Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Shila Haghighat, Maryam Khosravi, Mohammad Saadatnia, Maryamsadat Hashemijaazi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:216 (31 August 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_279_21
Background:
Post-stroke hemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP) is a common complication leading to significant activity limitation. Some approaches have been recommended for the management of HSP, and most of them have various adverse effects, while none were established to be effective. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of minimally invasive extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) on patients with HSP pain management.
Materials and Methods:
Using a single-blind, randomized clinical trial, 43 patients with HSP were randomly assigned to complete three focus ESWT sessions once a week and additional five radial ESWT sessions twice a week. Patients in the control arm received zero energy ESWT. Visual analog scale, passive range of motion (ROM), Fugl-Meyer upper extremity assessment (FMA-UE), and shoulder pain and disability scale (SPADI) were measured at baseline, at the end of the interventions, and within four and eight weeks' intervals to evaluate the pain, function, and ROM in the affected shoulder.
Result:
Both groups showed an improvement in pain scores on the fourth and eighth weeks visits (
P
-value <0.001). Intervention with ESWT could effectively lead to a less severe pain score compared to the control group (
P
-value <0.001). In the intervention group, the ROM improved in both passive abduction and forward flexion (
P
-value <0.05), but no significant change was observed in the control group (
P
-value >0.05). FMA-UE and SPADI did not differ significantly between groups.
Conclusion:
Based on the findings of this study, the combination of rESWT and focused ESWT can efficiently improve stroke-induced HSP.
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Case Report:
Unusual Site of Dermoid Cyst
Safoura Rouholamin, Maryam Hashemi, Zahra Dayani, Elham Madani
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:215 (31 August 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_227_22
Epidermoid and dermoid cysts are benign tumors lined by stratified squamous epithelium. Any region of the body that is covered by squamous epithelium has the potential ability to develop them. Herein, we reported two rare cases with benign cystic teratoma at unusual sites in the genital system. The first case was a 29-year-old G1P1L1 female admitted in our center with pelvic pain 2 months ago. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a mass in the posterior cul-de-sac with severe fat content. The patient underwent laparoscopy. Histopathological study of the removed mass showed a dermoid cyst. The second patient was a 35-year-old G3L1Ab2 female who was admitted to our clinic with the chief complaint of abnormal uterine bleeding since one year ago. The ultrasonography represents a hyperecho 65 × 27 mm mass lesion in the endometrial canal progressing toward cervical canal. After laparotomy, a degenerated myoma was resected. Surprisingly, histopathological study of the removed mass showed a mature cystic teratoma. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first study which reports cystic teratomas in the cervix region.
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Original Article:
Evaluation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Findings following posterior Sagital Ano-Recto Plasty (PSARP) in Severe Incontinent Children with High Imperforate Anus (IA)
Bijan Ziyaee, Masoud Nazem, Maryam Riahinezhad, Mehrdad Hosseinpour
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:214 (31 August 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_207_22
Background:
The aim of this study was to evaluate pelvic
MRI
accuracy for measurement of anatomical land marks in severe fecal incontinent (FI) children with high imperforate anus (IA).
Materials and Methods:
A total of 80 children (40 cases and 40 controls) aged more than 4 years with severe FI were assessed. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed by a radiologist with the same device. For pelvic anatomical land marks measurement, we measured the ano-rectal angel and hiatal/pc ratio.
Results:
The mean of ano-rectal angel was 118.67 ± 25.2 mm in cases and 132.07 ± 13.8 mm in control group (
P
= .004). H/PCR was 0.63 ± 0.05 in cases and 0.62 ± 0.45 in controls (P = NS). There was no significant correlation between [INSIDE:1] (r = 0.25,
P
= 0.36) or ano-rectal angle measurement (r = 0.16,
P
= 0.05) and FI score in patients with severe FI.
Conclusions:
Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging could be accurately used is measuring the ano-rectal angle is high IA children with severe FI which leads to selected patients who may have benefits of reoperation.
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Original Article:
Effect of Shields in Radiation Dose and Secondary Biological Risk of Gonads in Lumbosacral Digital and Computerized Radiography
Hamed Taheri, Mohammad Bagher Tavakoli, Nayyer Mostafavi, Mojgan Esna Ashar, Safura Mozafari, Hossein Taheri
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:213 (31 August 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_187_21
Background:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of shields in imposed radiation dose to gonads in anterior-posterior (AP) and lateral views of lumbosacral radiography using digital radiography (DR) and computerized radiography (CR) methods.
Materials and Methods:
Sixty patients who were suspected to AP and lateral view of lumbosacral radiography were included in this study. The patients were exposed with and without shields which have 0.25 mm thickness. This study also compared the imposed dose to gonads for one and two plates of shields with none shields situation. Measurement of the radiation dose was performed using thermo luminescence dosimeters on the surface of the gonads. Furthermore, the absolute and excess relative risk (ERR) of biological abnormalities was estimated in the above-mentioned method using the BEIR VII model.
Results:
The mean dose of the DR method (10.14 ± 0.27) for the AP view was significantly lower than CR (32.43 ± 0.17) with and without shields. In addition, the imposed dose to gonads in the lateral view of DR (6.41 ± 0.47) was lower compared to CR (9.38 ± 0.14). Furthermore, the mean imposed dose to gonads for one and two pate shields of DR was lower than CR. Moreover, the excess relative risk to gonads in the AP for DR was lower compared to CR in all mentioned situations.
Conclusion:
Lumbosacral radiography is suggested to be performed by DR systems, due to the lower imposed dose and ERR to the gonads. Moreover, using shields may lead to decrease of scatter rays and also ERR of the gonads.
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Letter To Editor:
Impact of COVID-19 on Drug Discovery and Development: A Pharmacologist's Perspective
Dibyajyoti Saikia, Hansraj Kumar, Subodh Kumar
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:212 (31 August 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_174_23
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Original Article:
The Effect of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy on Serum Levels of Vitamin A, D and B12 and Iron Profile on Patients with Morbid Obesity
Fariborz Rashnoo, Arsham Seifinezhad, Hamidreza Zefreh, Erfan Sheikhbahaei, Amir Hossein Irajpour
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:211 (31 August 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_166_22
Background:
One of the concerns after bariatric surgery is the lack of nutrients and vitamins due to anatomical and physiological changes that occur after the surgery. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on these nutrients and vitamins.
Materials and Methods:
This prospective study was performed in Tehran and all the patients who met the inclusion criteria before the surgery were tested for serum levels of vitamins A, B12, D, ferritin, serum iron, and TIBC. The patients were tested once again for the same micronutrients, one year after surgery.
Results:
A total of 120 patients had the inclusion criteria and all of them completed the follow-up period. Of the patients, 64.2% (77 patients) were female and 35.8% (43 patients) were male. The mean weight of the patients was 122.1 ± 14.8 kg and the mean BMI of patients before surgery was 43.6 ± 4.4 kg/m
2
. Comparing these parameters before and after surgery showed that serum levels of vitamins A and B12, ferritin, and TIBC were not significantly different from before surgery. However, vitamin D levels after surgery were significantly higher than before (
p < 0.001
).
Conclusion:
The result of the present study demonstrated that laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is one of the most effective surgical methods for obesity treatment and does not cause a lack of nutrients and vitamins in long term and does not require supplementation. In addition, it promotes serum levels of vitamin D, which is effective in preventing the effects of vitamin D deficiency in obese patients.
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Review Article:
Investigating the Relationship between Electroconvulsive Therapy and Heart Rate Variability: A Systematic Review
Abdurrahim Rahimian, Baranoosh Rahmani, Javad Garshad, Ali Salarvand, Mahsa Mansourian
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:210 (31 August 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_95_23
Physical therapies such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may result in higher response and recovery rates, especially in patients who have treatment-resistant depression. Various studies have reported different changes in heart rate variability (HRV) parameters before and after depression treatment with ECT. Therefore, the present study reviews systematically the evidence describing changes in HRV parameters and the cardiac autonomic nervous system associated with ECT. Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase electronic databases were searched for papers published up to September 8, 2022, without any restriction on the year and language of the study. A total of 895 articles were reviewed by two independent groups and nine articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected. Time-domain and frequency-domain HRV parameters were assessed. In conclusion, the results of our systematic review provided limited evidence for the influence of ECT on HRV parameters. Despite studies suggesting depression results in a decrease in parasympathetic activity and ECT results in an increase in cardiac vagal activity, ECT seems to have no consistent effect on HRV parameters.
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Original Article:
Using Anthropometric and Demographic Factors to Predict Small Bowel Length to Prevent Malnutrition in Bariatric Surgery
Masoud Sayadishahraki, Mohsen Mahmoudieh, Behrooz Keleidari, Hamid Melali, Mahmood Heidary, Sayed Mohsen Hosseini, Mohamad Davud Qane
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:209 (31 August 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_83_21
Background:
Small bowel length measurements and estimation have high clinical importance, especially in bariatric surgeries to prevent postoperation malnutrition. This study aimed to investigate the possible correlation between demographic and anthropometric factors with small bowel length.
Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was performed on 150 patients that were candidates of abdominal surgeries. Anthropometric factors including age, gender, weight, height, body mass index, right wrist and waist circumstance, length of the right hand 2
nd
and 4
th
fingers and 2
nd
to 4
th
finger ratio, and length of the right hemithorax were obtained. Whole length of the small bowel was measured during surgery from the ligament of Treitz to the ileocecal junction between the mesenteric and antimesenteric border of the intestine.
Results:
The mean small bowel length was 5.45 ± 1.62 meters and significantly lower in women compared to men (
P
= 0.003) and had a significant direct relationship with height (
r
= 0.3,
P
< 0.001), an inverse relationship to 2
nd
to 4
th
finger ratio (= −0.34,
P
< 0.001). There were the same correlations between small intestine length with height and the 2
nd
to 4
th
finger ratio in open surgeries (
P
< 0.05). There was a correlation between age (
r
= 0.33,
P
= 0.032), weight (
r
= −0.60,
P
, 0.001), waist circumstance (
r
= −0.43,
P
= 0.004), and length of the right hemithorax (
r
= −0.47,
P
= 0.001).
Conclusions:
Using demographic and anthropometric factors, we could predict the small bowel length. These results could be further used in bariatric surgeries to avoid possible malnutrition.
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Original Article:
Evaluation of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) for Patients with and without Thyroid Nodules: A Patient-Based Study
Leila Moradi, Maryam Amir Ahmadi, Azim Moaatamedfar, Homeira Rashidi, Ferdos Zaman, Hamed Taheri
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:208 (31 August 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_63_21
Background:
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) between patients with and without thyroid nodules.
Materials and Methods:
This case–control study was performed on 86 patients with normal Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level (0.5–4.5 mIU/L) with thyroid nodules, who referred to Imam Khomeini and Golestan Hospitals (Ahvaz, Iran). Furthermore, 43 nonnodule patients with normal TSH level and normal thyroid ultrasonography were recruited from the general population as control group. The insulin resistance was evaluated for them made and the HOMA-IR ≥2.5 was defined as insulin resistance.
Results:
The mean of HOMA-IR value was significantly higher in thyroid nodule patients compared to controls (3.02 ± 1.92 vs. 1.10 ± 1.55;
P
< 0.001). Insulin resistance was seen in 49 thyroid nodule patients (57.0%), and 4 patients (9.3%) in the control group (
P
< 0.0001). Waist circumference, body mass index, fasting blood sugar, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and insulin levels were significantly higher in the thyroid nodule group.
Conclusions:
Our study shows there is an association between insulin resistance and thyroid nodules. The patients with thyroid nodules have higher HOMA-IR value.
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Original Article:
Evaluation of the Effect of Propofol–Remifentanil and Propofol–Hydralazine on the Bleeding Volume During Dacryocystorhinostomy Surgery Under General Anesthesia
Hamidreza Shetabi, Seyed Jalal Hashemi, Somaye Ghaleshahi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:207 (31 August 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_57_22
Background:
The present study was performed to compare the effectiveness of propofol–remifentanil and propofol–hydralazine in inducing controlled hypotension in patients undergoing the dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) surgery and reducing their bleeding volume during surgery.
Materials and Methods:
The present double-blind, randomized clinical trial was performed on 70 patients who were candidates for DCR surgery and divided into two groups. In both the groups, general anesthesia protocol was performed. Moreover, in the first group, a syringe containing 2 mg of remifentanil in 20 ml of distilled water (0.1 mg/ml) was infused at the rate of 0.15 μg/kg/min (P + R group). In the second group, a syringe containing 20 mg of hydralazine in 20 ml of distilled water (1 mg/ml) was infused at the rate of 0.5–10 mg/h (P + H group).
Results:
The hemodynamic parameters were not significantly different between the two groups in the studied times (
P
> 0.05). In contrast, the bleeding volume in the P + R group with the mean of 61.29 ± 50.06 ml was significantly lower than that of the P + H group with the mean of 152.31 ± 90.81 ml (
P
< 0.001). Moreover, the mean score of surgeon's satisfaction level in the P + R group was higher than that of the P + H group (5.91 ± 0.28 vs. 4.29 ± 0.65;
P
< 0.001).
Conclusion:
According to the results of this study, there was no significant difference between the P + H and P + R groups in terms of fluctuations in the hemodynamic parameters and the occurrence of complications. However, a reduction in the bleeding volume and a higher satisfaction level of the surgeon were observed in the P + R group compared with the P + H group.
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Original Article:
The Comparison Between 3.5- and 4.5-mm T-plates for Management of the Patients with Schatzker Type II Tibial Plateau Fractures that Referred to our Emergency Department: A Clinical Trial
Mohammad Parhamfar, Ghasem Mohammadsharifi, Amirmohammad Taravati, Saeed Hatami, Amirhossein Sadeghian, Mostafa Khashei, Mohammad M Najafi, Ali Sherafati Chaleshtori
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:206 (31 August 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_40_23
Background:
Tibial plateau fractures have become more frequent in recent years. The most prevalent Schatzker classification is type II, which is a lateral tibial plateau fracture with depression. Our null hypothesis was that the 3.5 T-plate and the 4.5 T-plate have no difference in the management of patients with Schatzker type II tibial plateau fractures.
Materials and Methods:
The current study is a clinical trial that was conducted on patients with tibial plateau fractures. The Knee Society Score (KSS) was this study's main outcome. Tourniquet time (TT) and patient quality of life using the 36-item Short Form Survey Instrument (SF-36) were secondary goals of the outcomes measurement study. VAS measured pain. Among 176 patients, 89 and 87 of cases underwent surgical treatment with 3.5-mm (group A) and 4.5-mm (group B) T-plate, respectively. The data were entered into SPSS software (version 25, IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY) and analyzed.
Results
: In our study, we evaluated 176 patients with a mean age of 34.8 ± 15.2 years. Functional and clinical KSS scores were similar between the two groups throughout follow-up (
P
> 0.05). Regarding the other variables of VAS, TT, SF-36 physical function, and SF-36 mental health, no significant difference was observed between the two groups, and the two groups had similar averages in terms of these indicators (
P
> 0.05).
Conclusion:
According to the results, both plates had the appropriate functional outcomes in patients with split depression tibial plateau fracture.
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Original Article:
Detection of Genes Related to Linezolid Resistance (
poxtA
,
cfr
, and
optrA
) in Clinical Isolates of
Enterococcus spp.
from Humans: A First Report from Iran
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:205 (31 July 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_74_23
Background:
Enterococci
may develop resistance to linezolid through chromosomal mutations that involve specific linezolid resistance genes, such as
cfr
,
optrA
, and
poxtA
. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility of enterococcal isolates and identify
cfr
,
optrA
, and
poxtA
genes in MDR isolates.
Materials and Methods:
Enterococcal isolates were collected from various clinical specimens at Al-Zahra, Amin, and Khorshid Hospitals in Isfahan. The
Enterococcus
isolates were identified as belonging to the
E. faecalis
and
E. faecium
species by using specific gene (D alanine D alanine ligase
ddl)
sets in PCR. To detect
cfr, optrA
, and
poxtA
genes among the species, a multiplex-PCR assay was performed.
Results:
Out of 175 isolates
, E. faecalis
predominated 129/175 (73.7%). Furthermore, the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant
Enterococci
(VRE) and linezolid-resistant
Enterococci
(LRE) was 29.7% and 4%, respectively. The overall prevalence of MDR was 91.1%, 68.9%, and 66.6% of
E. faecium
,
E. faecalis
, and other
Enterococcus spp
., respectively. Interestingly, the frequency of
optrA
(71.4%) in
E. faecium
and
poxtA
and
crf
(42.8%) in
E. faecalis
were detected among LRE species. A statistically significant relationship (
P
< 0.05) was found between the presence of the three genes and the occurrence of LRE.
Conclusion:
This is the first study to report the detection of linezolid resistance genes (
cfr
,
optrA
, and
poxtA
) in clinical
Enterococcus spp.
isolates from Iran, conducted at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences hospitals. The emergence of enterococcal strains that resist linezolid is concerning as it can lead to the spread of resistant strains among patients, resulting in treatment failure.
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Original Article:
The effect of lower limb position on anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction on uncommon complications after surgery
Hamidreza Aslani, Sona Bonakdar, Farzad Amoozade, Mona Gorji, Amir H Gholami, Katayoun Tajic, Morteza Gholipour
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:204 (31 July 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_34_22
Background:
To reduce the complications of orthopedic surgery, the desire for less invasive procedures, such as, knee arthroscopy to repair the anterior cruciate ligament, has increased. There are, currently, two common positions for limbs that are used during surgery depending on the surgeon's experience. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the effect of limb position on complications after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery.
Materials and Methods:
From April 2016 to July 2020 at our orthopedic-sports trauma center, 688 patients between the ages of 18 and 50 with anterior cruciate ligament rupture underwent reconstruction surgery with a hamstring graft. Patients were divided into two groups in terms of limb position at the time of surgery. For three months, patients were evaluated for surgical complications, basic demographic information, and information during surgery.
Results:
There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of demographic information, side of injury, preparation time, tourniquet time, operation time, and duration of hospitalization. At quarterly follow-up, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of postoperative complications (
P
= 0.976).
Conclusions:
There is no difference between compartment syndrome and deep vein thrombosis in different situations, therefore, the surgeon should operate in any position he is skilled in. Also, surgeons should always pay special attention to these complications and provide necessary training to patients in order to prevent them.
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Original Article:
The effect of lower limb position on anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction on uncommon complications after surgery
Hamidreza Aslani, Sona Bonakdar, Farzad Amoozade, Mona Gorji, Amir H Gholami, Katayoun Tajic, Morteza Gholipour
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:204 (31 July 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_34_22
Background:
To reduce the complications of orthopedic surgery, the desire for less invasive procedures, such as, knee arthroscopy to repair the anterior cruciate ligament, has increased. There are, currently, two common positions for limbs that are used during surgery depending on the surgeon's experience. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the effect of limb position on complications after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery.
Materials and Methods:
From April 2016 to July 2020 at our orthopedic-sports trauma center, 688 patients between the ages of 18 and 50 with anterior cruciate ligament rupture underwent reconstruction surgery with a hamstring graft. Patients were divided into two groups in terms of limb position at the time of surgery. For three months, patients were evaluated for surgical complications, basic demographic information, and information during surgery.
Results:
There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of demographic information, side of injury, preparation time, tourniquet time, operation time, and duration of hospitalization. At quarterly follow-up, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of postoperative complications (
P
= 0.976).
Conclusions:
There is no difference between compartment syndrome and deep vein thrombosis in different situations, therefore, the surgeon should operate in any position he is skilled in. Also, surgeons should always pay special attention to these complications and provide necessary training to patients in order to prevent them.
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Original Article:
Two distinct deleterious causative variants in a family with multiple cancer-affected patients
Erfan Khorram, Mohammad A Tabatabaiefar, Mehrdad Zeinalian
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:203 (31 July 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_366_22
Background:
Only 5 to 10% of cancers are hereditary, but they are particularly important since they can be passed down from generation to generation, and family members are at elevated risk. Although screening methods are one of the essential strategies for dealing with hereditary cancers, they do not have high specificity and sensitivity. The emergence of whole-exome sequencing (WES) causes a significant increase in the diagnostic rate of cancer-causing variants in at-risk families.
Materials and Methods:
We performed WES on the proband's DNA sample from an Iranian family with multiple cancer-affected members to identify potential causative variants. Multiple in silico tools were used to evaluate the candidate variants' pathogenicity and their effects on the protein's structure, function, and stability. Moreover, the candidate variants were co-segregated in the family with Sanger sequencing.
Results:
The WES data analysis identified two pathogenic variants (
CHEK2
: NM_007194.4: c.538C>T, p.Arg180Cys and
MLH1
: NM_000249.4, c.844G>A, p.Ala282Thr). Sanger sequencing data showed each of the variants was incompletely segregated with phenotype, but both of them explained the patient's phenotype together. Also, the structural analysis demonstrated that due to the variant (c.538C>T), a salt bridge between arginine 180 and glutamic acid 149 was lost. Indeed, several protein stability tools described both variants as destabilizing.
Conclusion:
Herein, we interestingly identify two distinct deleterious causative variants (
CHEK2
: NM_007194.4: c.538C>T, p.Arg180Cys and
MLH1
: NM_000249.4, c.844G>A, p.Ala282Thr) in a family with several cancer-affected members. Furthermore, this study's findings established the utility of WES in the genetic diagnostics of cancer.
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Original Article:
Two distinct deleterious causative variants in a family with multiple cancer-affected patients
Erfan Khorram, Mohammad A Tabatabaiefar, Mehrdad Zeinalian
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:203 (31 July 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_366_22
Background:
Only 5 to 10% of cancers are hereditary, but they are particularly important since they can be passed down from generation to generation, and family members are at elevated risk. Although screening methods are one of the essential strategies for dealing with hereditary cancers, they do not have high specificity and sensitivity. The emergence of whole-exome sequencing (WES) causes a significant increase in the diagnostic rate of cancer-causing variants in at-risk families.
Materials and Methods:
We performed WES on the proband's DNA sample from an Iranian family with multiple cancer-affected members to identify potential causative variants. Multiple in silico tools were used to evaluate the candidate variants' pathogenicity and their effects on the protein's structure, function, and stability. Moreover, the candidate variants were co-segregated in the family with Sanger sequencing.
Results:
The WES data analysis identified two pathogenic variants (
CHEK2
: NM_007194.4: c.538C>T, p.Arg180Cys and
MLH1
: NM_000249.4, c.844G>A, p.Ala282Thr). Sanger sequencing data showed each of the variants was incompletely segregated with phenotype, but both of them explained the patient's phenotype together. Also, the structural analysis demonstrated that due to the variant (c.538C>T), a salt bridge between arginine 180 and glutamic acid 149 was lost. Indeed, several protein stability tools described both variants as destabilizing.
Conclusion:
Herein, we interestingly identify two distinct deleterious causative variants (
CHEK2
: NM_007194.4: c.538C>T, p.Arg180Cys and
MLH1
: NM_000249.4, c.844G>A, p.Ala282Thr) in a family with several cancer-affected members. Furthermore, this study's findings established the utility of WES in the genetic diagnostics of cancer.
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Original Article:
Effect of oral prednisolone on pain after tonsillectomy with sutures: A randomized clinical trial
Amin Shayan, Nezammedin Berjis, Sayed Mostafa Hashemi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:202 (31 July 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_410_22
Background:
Tonsillectomy, one of the most common otolaryngology surgeries, often results in postoperative complications such as pain and bleeding. Currently, there is no consensus on postoperative pain management. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of oral prednisolone on postoperative pain after tonsillectomy with sutures.
Materials and Methods:
This pilot, double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted at two tertiary care centers affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Patients who underwent tonsillectomy with sutures were included. Participants were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, patients received oral prednisolone in addition to acetaminophen; in the control group, patients received acetaminophen and a placebo. Post-operative pain was evaluated by a visual analog scale daily for ten days.
Results:
Initially, 60 patients were enrolled in the study; however, four were excluded due to non-attendance at follow-up visits. The groups were similar in terms of age and sex (both
P
values >0.05). In the study, postoperative pain from 1
st
day to the 10
th
day was lower in the experimental group than in the control group (
P
value <0.05).
Conclusion:
Numerous studies have been conducted on the effect of intravenous corticosteroids on this pain. However, there is no consensus on the analgesic role of oral corticosteroids for post-tonsillectomy pain. The present study showed that oral prednisolone is effective on post-operative pain compared to a placebo.
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Original Article:
Toxocara
infection in dogs and cats in Isfahan province of Iran in 2021
Gholamreza Pourshahbazi, Hossein Khanahmad, Reza Khadivi, Hossein A Yousefi, Somayeh Mobarakeh, Fatemeh Hossini Boldaji, Hossein Yousefi Darani
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:201 (27 July 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_88_22
Background:
Toxocariasis is an acute or chronic disease caused by parasites of the Ascaridae family, especially
Toxocara
of dogs and cats. Eggs are excreted out by feces of these animals on soil. Infective eggs develop on soil which can be infective to human. In this study, infection rate of
Toxocara
spp. in dogs and cats of urban and rural areas of Isfahan province of Iran has been investigated.
Materials and Methods:
Three hundred and seventy-five stray dog feces and 230 stray cat feces were collected from the public environment (slaughterhouses, parks, children's playgrounds, student dormitories, university environment, streets and squares) in Isfahan province of Iran. At first, dogs' and cats' feces were examined for the presence of
Toxocara
spp. eggs using formalin ether method. In the second stage, by using molecular methods,
Toxocara
eggs spp. (
Toxocara canis
or
Toxocara cati)
were identified.
Results:
From 375 dog fecal samples, 39 (10.40%) and from 230 cat fecal samples, 38 (16.52%) were positive for presence of the
Toxocara
eggs.
Conclusion:
Dogs and cats in Isfahan province of Iran were infected with
Toxocara
parasite. These infections can be potential risk for human toxocariasis.
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Original Article:
Effects of dichloromethane and N-butanol fractions of
Nigella sativa
on ACHN and GP-293 cell line morphology, viability, and apoptosis
Samira Shahraki, Sara Hosseinian, Elham Shahraki, Mehdi Kheirandish, Abolfazl Khajavirad
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:200 (27 July 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_394_22
Background:
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is among the top death-causing cancers. Medicinal herbs can also have beneficial effects on RCC treatment. In this project, we aimed to study the antitumor effect of dichloromethane and N-butanol fractions of hydroalcoholic extract of
Nigella sativa (N. sativa)
on the morphology, viability, and apoptosis of ACHN (human renal adenocarcinoma) and GP-293 (normal renal epithelial) cell lines.
Materials and Methods:
In this experimental study, N-butanol and dichloromethane fractions of
N. sativa
were obtained, and ACHN and GP293 cell lines were treated with various concentrations of dichloromethane (0–100 μg/mL) and N-butanol (0–12.5 μg/mL) fractions for 24, 48, and 72 hours. Then, morphological changes, viability, and apoptosis were investigated.
Results:
Our results indicated that dichloromethane and N-butanol fractions cause morphological changes and significant decreases in the percentage of live cells in the ACHN cell line, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In the GP-293 cell line, however, a lower toxicity was observed in comparison with that found for ACHN. The results of flow cytometry showed an apoptotic effect of dichloromethane and N-butanol fractions on the ACHN cell line but a higher rate of apoptosis induction for the total extract compared to the two fractions in the renal cancer cell line compared to the normal cell line.
Conclusion:
Our findings demonstrated that these two fractions of
N. sativa
induce inhibitory effects on the ACHN cell line morphology and viability. These effects were lower than those induced by the total extract. In addition, the two fractions caused more marked effects in the renal cancer cell line compared with the GP-293 cell line.
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Original Article:
Motor dysfunction of gastric antral smooth muscle in diabetic rats: Contribution of ATP-dependent potassium channels
Fatameh Khoshavi Najafabadi, Hassan Sadraei, Nasrin Mehranfard, Maedeh Ghasemi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:199 (27 July 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_44_23
Background:
The goal of the current research was to further elucidate the role of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium (K
ATP
) channels in the motility and contractility force of gastric smooth muscle of diabetic rats.
Materials and Methods:
Male Wistar rats (190–230 g) were grouped into control and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes (55 mg/kg) rats. Thirty days later, gastric muscle contractility was measured using a myograph and a force transducer of antral segments immersed in a tissue bath. Gastric emptying response was measured through feeding of standard pellet. Furthermore, the expression of K
ATP
channel subunits in antral smooth muscle was determined by western blot technique.
Results:
The amplitude of KCl-evoked twitch contractions of diabetic antral strips was about 25% more than control (
P
< 0.05). Application of minoxidil, a K
ATP
channel opener, dose dependently decreased the force of twitch contractions in both normal and diabetic antral strips. Application of 10 μM glibenclamide, a K
ATP
channel blocker, did not antagonize the minoxidil-induced relaxation of antral strips. Diabetic gastric emptying was faster than normal, although not significant. Despite the relaxant effect of minoxidil on gastric emptying rate in normal rats (
P
< 0.05), this effect was not observed in diabetic rats. Also, glibenclamide increased gastric emptying and antagonized minoxidil-induced relaxation in normal rats (
P
< 0.05). Furthermore, the expression of K
ATP
Kir6.1 and SUR2B subunits was substantially reduced in antral smooth muscle in diabetic condition (
P
< 0.01).
Conclusion:
These results propose that K
ATP
channels may contribute to the development of gastric motility disorders in diabetes.
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Original Article:
Evaluation of the effect of aripiprazole supplementation in the prevention of delirium in patients admitted to the general intensive care unit
Mehranoosh Nouri, Sohrab Salimi, Mohsen Kosha, Dariush Abtahi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:198 (27 July 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_314_21
Background:
To prove the position of aripiprazole as a preventive and safe agent in delirium in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), it is necessary to conduct randomized controlled clinical trials with appropriate design.
Materials and Methods:
In this study, 80 patients were randomly divided into two groups of 40. Group A received placebo mart for one week, and group B received 15 mg aripiprazole daily (dissolved in 10 cc) daily. As a criterion for assessing delirium, the Confusion Assessment methods for the ICU (CAM-ICUs) were evaluated daily for patients. At the end of the study, the trends of CAM-ICU and CAM-ICU changes on day 7 were compared between the two groups. All statistical tests were performed in two domains with a significance level of 5% using the
t
-test. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 21 software was used to analyze the data.
Results:
The use of aripiprazole in the studied indices was not statistically significant (
P
> 0.05). The results related to the length of stay in the ICU, showed that although the use of aripiprazole has reduced the length of hospitalization of patients in the ICU, this rate of reduction, was not significant (
P
> 0.05).
Conclusion:
The use of aripiprazole with the approach of reducing the risk or controlling the occurrence of delirium on patients admitted to the intensive care unit, despite creating some beneficial effects such as reducing the length of hospital stay in the ICU, cannot be clearly and significantly effective.
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Original Article:
Status of hypertension control in urban slums of Central India: A community health worker-based two-year follow-up
Abhijit Pakhare, Anuja Lahiri, Neelesh Shrivastava, Krishna N Subba, Vaishnavi Veera Durga Kurra, Ankur Joshi, Shubham Atal, Sagar Khadanga, Rajnish Joshi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:197 (27 July 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_266_22
Background:
Hypertension (HTN) is a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases and its control is poor. There is heterogeneity in levels of blood pressure control among various population subgroups. The present study was conducted within the framework of the National Program for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Stroke (NPCDCS) in India. It aims to estimate the proportion of optimal blood pressure control and identify factors associated with uncontrolled HTN consequent to initial screening.
Materials and Methods:
We assembled a cohort of individuals with HTN confirmed in a baseline screening in sixteen urban slum clusters of Bhopal (2017–2018). Sixteen accredited social health activists were trained from within these slums. Individuals with HTN were linked to primary care providers and followed up for the next two years. Obtaining optimal blood pressure control (defined as SBP <140 and DBP <90 mm of Hg) was a key outcome.
Results:
Of a total of 6174 individuals, 1571 (25.4%) had HTN, of which 813 were previously known and 758 were newly detected during the baseline survey. Two-year follow-up was completed for 1177 (74.9%). Blood pressure was optimally controlled in 301 (26%) at baseline and in 442 (38%) individuals at two years (an absolute increase of 12%; 95% CI 10.2–13.9). Older age, physical inactivity, higher body mass index, and newly diagnosed HTN were significantly associated with uncontrolled blood pressure.
Conclusion:
We found about six of every ten individuals with HTN were on treatment, and about four were optimally controlled. These findings provide a benchmark for NPCDCS, in terms of achievable goals within short periods of follow-up.
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Original Article:
A study on glycopeptide-resistant genotypes among clinical isolates of
Enterococcus
with Van B phenotype
Reena Rajan
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:196 (27 July 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_133_21
Background:
Enterococci
, although remarked as harmless commensals of the intestinal tract of humans and animals, have become a significant source of infection in hospitalized patients worldwide.The present study aimed to isolate and identify enterococci from clinical samples and to determine the genotypic characteristics of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus isolates.
Materials and Methods:
A total of 774 isolates of enterococci from clinical samples were identified to the species level, and their anti-microbial susceptibility pattern was determined by Kirby Bauer Disk Diffusion method and Vitek 2 automated system. Screening for vancomycin resistance was performed by using brain heart infusion agar containing 6 micrograms/ml of vancomycin. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of vancomycin was determined by the agar dilution method and Epsilometer test (E test). Genotyping was carried out for resistant isolates by multiplex polymerase chain reaction.
Results:
Thirty (3.88%) isolates were resistant to vancomycin by agar screen method. Five isolates showed intermediate resistance with anMIC of 8–16 micrograms/ml for vancomycin by agar dilution. By the E test, two isolates displayed an MIC of ≥32 micrograms/ml for vancomycin and one isolate showed an MICof ≥32 micrograms/ml for teicoplanin.Van A was the common genotype isolated. The present study reports isolates of
Enterococcus faecalis
with a susceptible MIC for glycopeptide and the presence of the Van A gene.
Conclusion:
Heterogeneous resistance among clinical isolates of
Enterococcus faecalis
was observed in our study. The predominant phenotype and genotype detected among clinical isolates were Van A.
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Review Article:
A review on the cytotoxicity and antibacterial effect of marine organisms of Persian Gulf
Seyed Erfan Mousavi, Sheyda Razaghi, Nafiseh Emami, Afsaneh Yegdaneh
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:195 (27 July 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_290_22
Marine organisms contain several natural products and bioactive compounds, including hydrolyzed proteins, antioxidant peptides, gelatin, collagen, ω-3 unsaturated fatty acids, vitamin A, vitamin D, calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, chitosan, lectin, and various toxins. They can inhibit diverse diseases, be used in pharmaceutical compounds, or as antibiotics and pigments. In this regard, these microorganisms are of crucial medicinal and economical importance. Thanks to new technologies and advanced laboratory methods, bioactive compounds can be extracted from aquatic organisms. In this review study, the cytotoxicity (IC
50
) and antibacterial effect of various extracts from marine organisms of the Persian Gulf are explored, compiled, and compared. Due to their easy accessibility, most of the studies are green, red, and brown algae.
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Original Article:
Comparison of blood lead levels in children and adolescents with and without functional abdominal pain
Fatemeh Famouri, Maryam Yazdi, Awat Feizii, Hossein Saneian, Peiman Nasri, Roya Kelishadi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:194 (27 July 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_250_22
Background:
Functional abdominal pain is a health concern with chronic abdominal discomfort without clear etiology. Several etiologic factors are raised in this regard, one related to environmental factors. This study aimed to compare blood lead levels between children and adolescents with and without functional abdominal pain.
Materials and Methods:
This case–control study was performed in 2019–2020 in Isfahan, Iran. The sample size was calculated as 70 cases and an equal number of controls. Cases were children and adolescents with functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID), and controls were grouped age- and sex-matched. Controls were randomly selected from those referred for routine health screening. Both groups obtained blood lead, iron, and calcium levels. All participants completed the FFQ Food Consumption and Environmental Pollutants Questionnaire.
Results:
Participants were 139 children (68 cases and 71 controls). The mean (SD) age was 9.40 (3.91) years in the FGID group and 8.79 (3.46) years in the controls (
P
= 0.330). The mean (SD) blood lead level was not significantly different between the FGID group and the controls (3.98 ± 2.56 vs 3.81 ± 1.96 μg/dl, respectively,
P
= 0.670). We found that 55.3% of children with high lead levels had FGID, while 44.4% of children with lower lead levels had FGID, but the difference was not statistically significant (
P
= 0.33).
Conclusion:
We found that the lead level was higher in patients with FGID than in the controls; however, this difference was not significantly different. This might be because of elevated lead levels in both groups. Future ecological studies with a large sample size are necessary in this regard.
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Original Article:
The effect of half percent oxymetazoline nasal drops on post-tonsillectomy cough, sore throat and bleeding in children; a double-blind randomized clinical trial
Mehrdad Masoudifar, Ahmad Rezaeian, Sheida Mosharaf
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:193 (27 July 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_247_22
Background:
Considering the high prevalence of tonsillectomy in children and concerns of postoperative management, this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effects of oxymetazoline on bleeding, cough, and sore throat in children undergoing tonsillectomy.
Materials and Methods:
The current double-blind clinical trial study was conducted on 88 tonsillectomy candidate patients. These patients were randomly divided into two groups. In the first group, oxymetazoline 0.05% nasal spray (OXY group) and in the second group, distilled water spray (Control group) was prescribed as one puff in each nostril immediately after anesthesia induction., the nasal spray was prescribed again in both nostrils at 12 h after tonsillectomy. Then the hemodynamic parameters, post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH) and sore throat were evaluated.
Results:
The mean of the sore throat of children was not significantly different between the two groups in any of the follow-up times (
P
value >0.05). PTH in recovery and in the ward in the OXY group with the mean of 57.60 ± 71.82 ml and 22.11 ± 22.50 ml, respectively, was significantly lower than the control group (83.50 ± 113.64 ml and 27.52 ± 35.11 ml) (
P
value < 0.05). Also, the frequency of cough in the ward in the OXY group with 27.3% was significantly lower than the control group with 56.8% (
P
value = 0.005).
Conclusion:
Regarding the results of the present study, sore throat and hemodynamic parameters did not change significantly with the administration of oxymetazoline. But this drug has played a significant role in reducing PTH and cough in children.
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Original Article:
The association of demographic characteristics with the rate of weight loss and changes in nutritional factors (Albumin, Vitamin D3, Ferritin) one year after one anastomosis gastric bypass
Masoud Sayadishahraki, Atefe Salehi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:192 (25 July 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_442_22
Background:
The effect of bariatric surgery on weight loss (WL) of patients with severe obesity is an established finding. However, some studies have shown that other factors such as demographic characteristics can also be involved in the extent of success and relapse of obesity. Thus, this study was performed to determine the association of demographic characteristics with the rate of weight loss and changes in nutritional factors one year after one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB).
Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, 121 patients undergoing OAGB were investigated. Patients' body mass index (BMI), nutritional factors (including levels of albumin, vitamin D3, and serum ferritin), and demographic characteristics were measured one year after the surgery.
Results:
The BMI one year after surgery was significantly lower than before surgery (47.12 ± 5.08 kg/m
2
vs. 29.42 ± 3.86 kg/m
2
;
P
value <0.001). WL was 37.37 ± 6.70%. In addition, the serum level of vitamin D3 one year after surgery with the mean of 44.54 ± 17.25 was significantly higher than its level before surgery with the mean of 38.13 ± 14.42 (
P
value <0.001). WL in less than 50 years old and married patients was significantly higher than WL in over 50 years old and single patients (
P
value <0.05). Moreover, the decrease in serum ferritin level with the mean of 1.90 ± 0.56 ng/ml in women was significantly higher than its decrease with the mean of 3.02 ± 0.94 ng/ml in men (
P
value = 0.003).
Conclusion:
Some demographic characteristics such as age, gender, and marital status seem to affect the rate of weight loss or ferritin level one year after OAGB.
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Review Article:
The best surgical treatment for cervical radiculopathy: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Afshin Almasi, Samira Jafari, Leila Solouki, Niloofar Darvishi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:191 (25 July 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_251_22
A case with an inflamed or damaged nerve root in the cervical spine is defined as cervical radiculopathy.The purpose of the current study is to recognize the most effective surgical procedures in cervical radiculopathy subjects. All related studies were taken using PubMed searching international databases, Scopus, ISI Web of Science (WoS), and Science direct with no limit of until November 20
th
, 2021. Finally, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, after reviewing all randomized controlled trial studies which had the related data the researchers were looking for, they conducted meta-analysis with the seven remaining studies including eight different treatments. Heterogeneity was evaluated by Cochran's Q and Higgins I
2
using R software for the network. In the results presented in this study, the neck disability index (NDI) changes as a result of taking cervical anterior discectomy without (ACD) and with fusion (ACDF) and ACD arthroplasty were -0.003, -1.659, and -1.656, respectively. According to the final diagram of the network, 11 comparisons were made in pairs. When each treatment group is compared with ACDF, it is shown that there was a significant mean effect among the patients who receive Mobi-C, Kineflx|C, and ADR, with mean differences of − 8.60 [CI 95% (− 12.75, − 4.45)], − 1.10 [CI 95% (− 5.22, 3.02)], and − 1.00 [CI 95% (− 7.18, 5.18)], respectively. The most effective surgical treatments for cervical radiculopathy were Mobi-c, Kineflx|C, and artificial disc replacement compared to ACDF treatment, respectively.
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Original Article:
A comparative study of dialectical behavior therapy and aripiprazole on marital instability of in patients with hypersexual
Zahra Tavakoli, Hasan Rezaei-Jamalouei, Hamid Kazemi-Zahrani, Mohammad Hatef Khorrami, Iman Ghanaat
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:190 (25 July 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_161_22
Background:
Sexual desire and sexual activity are natural needs of human beings, which can be problematic and lead to various sexual disorders, if not used in the right way, including hypersexuality. The present study aimed to compare the effect of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) and aripiprazole drug on marital instability in patients with hypersexuality.
Materials and Methods:
This experimental case--control Pretest--Posttest Control Group Design with follow up was done on 27 male and female patients with hypersexuality having at least a higher education degree selected from four hospitals and psychiatric centers including Khorshid Hospital, Asgariyeh Specialized Hospital, Farhangian Clinic and Imam Reza Medical Center in Isfahan and were randomly assigned to two groups of treatment (nine patients in every group) and one group of control (nine patients) after adjusting the age and gender. Pretest phase was done for both three groups using Marital Instability Index (MII). The first treatment group underwent DBT intervention for eight sessions of 2 hours (once a week), and the second experimental group was prescribed aripiprazole for 2 months. Afterwards, the posttest and follow-up were performed for all the three groups. The data were analyzed using SPSS 24 and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).
Results:
The findings showed that DBT and aripiprazole had little effect on the problem of marital instability in patients with hypersexuality (
p
> 0.05); also, there was no significant difference between the effect of DBT and aripiprazole (
p
> 0.05).
Conclusion:
DBT and the drug aripiprazole cannot have a significant effect on the marital instability in patients.
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Original Article:
Dietary and sleep quality association in hemodialysis patients
Mojgan Mortazavi, Mohammad Hossein Rouhani, Shiva Seirafian, Reyhane Motamedifard, Mohsen Hosseini
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:189 (25 July 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_244_22
Background:
Poor sleep quality is a common issue among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who undergo dialysis. Nutritional habits are associated with sleep hygiene in patients undergoing dialysis. The objective of this study was to examine the potential correlation between nutritional status and sleep quality in individuals receiving hemodialysis treatment.
Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study included 160 hemodialysis patients. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to measure food intake in participants. The Persian-validated version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality. Patients were classified as poor or good sleepers with a PSQI score of <5 and >5, respectively.
Results:
Eighty-four percent of hemodialysis patients had bad sleep hygiene. There was a significant association between sleep quality and educational status and age (
P
< 0.001). Poor sleepers were older (61.65 years versus 51.12) and less educated (31.1% versus 4%). However, there was no significant difference in the intake of micro- and macronutrients between poor and good sleepers (
P
> 0.05).
Conclusion:
The results of this study suggest that sleep quality has no significant relationship with nutrient intake in hemodialysis patients. Demographic factors, such as age and educational status, have played a more effective role than nutritional factors in patients' sleep quality.
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Original Article:
Evaluation and comparison of sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography in placenta accreta diagnosis in the second and third trimesters
Minoo Movahedi, Farinaz Farahbod, Mahsa Mootamedi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:188 (25 July 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_188_22
Background:
Ultrasound is the selected technique for the detection of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS). This method can detect PAS in 80%-50% of cases. This study aimed to assess and compare the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of PAS after the first trimester.
Materials and Methods:
In this prospective study that was performed in 2020-2021 on 79 patients at high risk of PAS, all cases underwent ultrasonography in both 18-22 weeks of gestational age (GA) and 32-34 weeks of GA for evaluation of accreta. As per the risk factors, the delivery plan for all mothers was cesarean section. During the cesarean section, the placenta was examined for accreta, and if it was attached to the uterus, a diagnosis of placenta accreta was ascertained and a total abdominal hysterectomy was performed if the patient's bleeding was not controlled during the operation. The final diagnosis of PAS was made based on the pathology report.
Results:
Ultrasound evaluation for PAS in 18-22 weeks of GA had 79.17% specificity, 51.61% sensitivity, 61.54% positive predictive value, and 71.70% negative predictive value. Ultrasound imaging for PAS in 32-34 weeks of GA had 60.8% specificity, 90% sensitivity, 62.52% positive predictive value, and 90.33% negative predictive value.
Conclusion:
It should be concluded that PAS is a critical condition and if the patient is diagnosed in the second or third trimester, special strategies should be applied.
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Review Article:
A comprehensive review of identification methods for pathogenic yeasts: Challenges and approaches
Hamid Morovati, Mohammad Kord, Kazem Ahmadikia, Saba Eslami, Masoumeh Hemmatzadeh, Kian M Kurdestani, Mohammadreza Khademi, Sima Darabian
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:187 (25 July 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_375_22
Given the increasing incidence of yeast infections and the presence of drug-resistant isolates, accurate identification of the pathogenic yeasts is essential for the management of yeast infections. In this review, we tried to introduce the routine and novel techniques applied for yeast identification. Laboratory identification methods of pathogenic yeast are classified into three categories; I. conventional methods, including microscopical and culture-base methods II. biochemical/physiological-processes methods III. molecular methods. While conventional and biochemical methods require more precautions and are not specific in some cases, molecular diagnostic methods are the optimum tools for diagnosing pathogenic yeasts in a short time with high accuracy and specificity, and having various methods that cover different purposes, and affordable costs for researchers. Nucleotide sequencing is a reference or gold standard for identifying pathogenic yeasts. Since it is an expensive method, it is not widely used in developing countries. However, novel identification techniques are constantly updated, and we recommend further studies in this field. The results of this study will guide researchers in finding more accurate diagnostic method(s) for their studies in a short period of time.
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Original Article:
Study of LncRNA BANCR expression in tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues in gastric cancer patients
Raha Nikanfar, Rozhin Dabbaghi, Ali Rajabi, Shahriar Hashemzadeh, Behzad Baradaran, Shahram Teimourian, Reza Safaralizadeh
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:186 (20 July 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_260_22
Background:
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as crucial regulators in various biological processes, including cancer development and progression. This study aimed to investigate the expression differences of the BRAF-activated non-coding RNA (BANCR) gene in GC tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. The potential diagnostic significance of BANCR in GC was explored, with the aim of improving diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for this global health burden.
Materials and Methods:
Tissue samples from 100 gastric cancer (GC) patients were collected, and BANCR expression was analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR. Correlations between BANCR expression and clinicopathological features were assessed, and its biomarker potential was evaluated.
Results:
In individuals diagnosed with GC, the expression of BANCR was notably elevated in tumor tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues (
P
< 0.0001). However, the analysis of gene expression data did not demonstrate any statistically significant correlation between elevated BANCR expression and clinicopathological features. According to the ROC analysis, BANCR demonstrated an AUC of 0.6733 (
P
< 0.0001), with a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 45%. However, further evaluation is required to determine its potential as a biomarker (CI 95% = 0.5992 to 0.7473).
Conclusions:
The observed upregulation of BANCR in GC tissues implies its potential involvement as an oncogenic lncRNA in GC patients. Furthermore, BANCR may serve as a promising biomarker for identification and treatment of GC.
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Original Article:
Perioperative anxiolysis and analgesic effect after premedication with melatonin and pregabalin in total hip arthroplasty under spinal anaesthesia: A prospective comparative trial
Akash Mishra, Vinod Kumar Srivastava, Ravi Prakash, Neel Kamal Mishra, Jyotsna Agarwal, Shruti Kabi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:185 (20 July 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_323_22
Background:
Preoperative anxiety plays a critical role in post-operative pain response and other outcomes. Melatonin is a naturally secreted hormone which has anxiolytic, sedative, and analgesic properties. Pregabalin, analogue of gabapentin which has property of anxiolytic and analgesic effects.
Materials and Methods:
Total 96 patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty, divided into 3 groups of 32 each and were given placebo (group I), melatonin 6 mg (group II), and pregabalin 150 mg (group III). Anxiety level, postoperative pain score, sedation level and duration as well as characteristics of spinal anaesthesia were assessed with other vital parameters.
Results:
Group I showed an increment in the anxiety score from baseline whereas in group II and group III, there was a decline in pre-operative anxiety score from baseline at all the periods of observation and more significantly in group III. Visual analogue scale (VAS) score and total dose of rescue analgesia were highest in group I, but group II and group III were comparable to each other. However, the durations of spinal anaesthesia and motor blockade showed a statistically significant difference with maximum duration in group III followed by II and then I. The level of sedation among the three groups were comparable at all the periods of observation.
Conclusions:
Pregabalin was found better for perioperative anxiolysis, post-operative analgesia and for prolongation of duration of spinal anaesthesia when compared to melatonin.
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Original Article:
Evaluation of expression levels of NFATc2 and PPARG genes two effector elements of WNT pathway in non-small cell lung carcinoma
Kaveh Motamediyan, Venus Zafari, Soghra Bornehdeli, Ayşe Caner, Milad Asadi, Shahryar Hashemzadeh, Mohammad Reza Firozi, Mortaza Raeisi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:184 (20 July 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_185_22
Background:
There is an emergency need in discovering an efficient profile of molecular biomarkers for early diagnosis of Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Transcription factors as important groups of regulators that are able to adjust the cell cycles have attracted the attention of most researchers recently. NFATc2 and PPARG are two important factors that have been selected for this project to assess their potential for being a biomarker for NSCLC.
Materials and Methods:
Here in this study, 50 NSCLC patients were included. During bronchoscopy, which was their routine diagnostic approach, we collected tumoral and marginal normal tissues. After the extraction of the total RNA from the tissues, cDNA was synthesized, and the transcriptional level of NFATc2 and PPARG was examined by quantitative real-time PCR. Subsequently, the data were analyzed by proper statistical analyses.
Results:
The mRNA expression of NFATc2 and PPARG were down-regulated in biopsy tissues of NSCLC patients compared with their pair marginal tissues (P
values
were 0.0011 and <0.0001 respectively). Moreover, both of them had significant AUC (area under the curve) in the ROC curve analysis (0.65 for NFATc2 and 0.81 for PPARG, P
value
<0.05).
Conclusion:
It appears that mRNA expression of NFATc2 and PPARG possesses the potential to be regarded as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker for NSCLC.
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Original Article:
Immuno-modulatory effects of inactivated
Dietzia Maris
on the selected aspects of cellular and humoral immune responses in mice
Katayoon Nofouzi, Gholamreza Hamidian
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:183 (20 July 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_121_22
Background:
The current study is an attempt to register the alterations in the immunological and histological parameters in mice arising from the administration of
Dietza maris
(
D. maris
) in order to confirm its protective properties.
Materials and Methods:
Mice underwent 7 days of treatment with three doses of
D. maris
. Then, animals were scrutinized in terms of body weight, relative weight of organs, delayed type of hypersensitivity (DTH) response, and hemagglutination titer (HT). The determination of villus height, villus width, crypt depth, villus/crypt ratio (V/C), Goblet cells, and intestinal epithelial lymphocyte (IEL) density in villi was carried out.
Results:
A
boosted DTH response was observed as a result of bacteria at medium dose. A variation was noted between the hemagglutinin titer of the control group and that of the high-dose group. Crypt depth, villus width, and villus height manifested alterations. High-dose-treated mice demonstrated proliferation of Goblet cells in the villi, whereas both in medium- and high-dose-treated mice, a distribution of IELs in the villus epithelium was noted. Overall,
D. maris
showed a stimulatory effect on immune functions in mice. Thus, thanks to improved cellular and humoral immunity and the increased quality of intestine function, we believe that
D. maris
promises novel therapeutic applications in the future.
Conclusion:
The attained findings lend credence to immuno-stimulatory effects arising from the capacity of
D. maris
to function as immunological adjuvants and to enhance humoral and cellular immunity as well as the intestinal structure and function.
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Original Article:
Study of auditory brainstem evoked response at varying frequencies in subclinical hypothyroid subjects
Indira Jha, Kabir Alam, Kaushal K Keshari, Niska Sinha, Tarun Kumar
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:182 (20 July 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_418_22
Background:
Hearing deterioration in hypothyroid subject was documented by Kemp. Cristiane
et al
. reported delayed waves latency in subclinical hypothyroid subjects. Recording of auditory brain stem evoked response in subclinical hypothyroid subjects at 80 dB and varying frequencies has been done.
Materials and Methods:
Case control study. Group 1, N = 30 control subjects, free T3, free T4, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) within normal range. Group 2,
N
= 30 subclinical hypothyroid subjects, TSH was between 4.6-8 microIU/L. Student Unpaired t test was done. Those on epileptic, neuroleptics, depression, psychosis drugs, inflammatory, proliferative, traumatic ear disorder, smokers, on tobacco, COVID-19 positive subjects, altered sensorium, drug abuse, diabetes mellitus, neuropathy, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmia, family history of hearing disorder, and furosemide drug were excluded. Auditory brainstem evoked response (ABER) done.
Results:
Mean ± SD of Brainstem evoked response auditory (BERA) waves III, V, interpeak latencies at 80 dB, 2, 4,6 KHz reported delay and significant in subclinical hypothyroid group as compared to control.
Conclusion:
BERA study at 6 KHz and 80 dB detects central neuropathy earlier in subclinical hypothyroid patients.
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Original Article:
Comparison of biochemical, haematological and plasmatic butyrylcholinesterase parameters in farmers and non-farmers, Morocco
Hasnaa Sine, Youssef Bouchriti, Hayat Sine, Abderrahmane Achbani
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:181 (20 July 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_370_22
Background:
The long-term use of pesticides can cause harmful consequences to both human health and the environment. In the present research, we aimed to compare biochemical, hematological, and plasmatic measurements of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) between farmers and non-farmers.
Materials and Methods:
The study is cross-sectional and included 270 participants, with 135 farmers using pesticides and a control population of 135 non-farmers. The recruitment of the participants was conducted from August 2017 to the end of December 2019. Blood samples from participants were collected for the evaluation of biochemical markers of the function of the liver and determination of BChE activity. A whole blood sample with ethylenediamine tetraacetic anticoagulant (EDTA) was also taken for a complete blood count.
Results:
The results showed a statistically significant (
P
= 0.03) decrease in mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) in the cases (28.45 ± 2.94 pg) as compared with controls (29.17 ± 2.54 pg). The statistical analysis of the renal parameters between the two groups determined that the uremia value was significantly higher in cases (34 ± 12 mg/dL) when compared to the control group (29 ± 8 mg/dL)
P
< 0.001. The cases recorded a significant increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (26.22 ± 11.59 U/L) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (25.63 ± 13.47 U/L) enzyme activities among cases versus controls. The results obtained showed a significantly decreased BChE activity in the group of cases exposed to pesticides (7554.52 ± 2107 U/l) compared to the unexposed control group (10135.58 ± 1909 U/l) (
t
-test,
P
< 0.001).
Conclusion:
The education of the farmers on correct practices concerning phytosanitary use has the potential of reducing their exposure to these products.
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Original Article:
Human respiratory syncytial virus and coronavirus rates in Iranian elderly patients more than 60 years old with acute respiratory symptoms
Shaian Tavakolian, Hossein Goudarzi, Ilad Alavi Darazam, Ebrahim Faghihloo
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:180 (20 July 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_395_22
Background:
Scientists have believed that a number of risk factors, especially viral infectious agents, can be related to respiratory diseases. Due to the pandemics in 2019,
Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus
and
Coronavirus
have attracted the attention of different kinds of research. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the prevalence of these viruses.
Materials and Methods:
After extracting the RNA and DNA of these viruses, molecular tests were employed to report the rate of them in patients suffering from respiratory symptoms.
Results:
Our results demonstrated that 31 samples were
COVID-19
positive. Furthermore, two cases had
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
subgroup A infections. However, no cases showed a coinfection of both viruses.
Conclusions:
It seems that during the pandemic of
COVID-19
,
RSV
should not be ignored as it can be responsible for the respiratory syndrome.
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Case Report:
Multiple hydatid cysts in rare locations treated with albendazole: A case report
Somayeh Sadeghi, Farzin Ghiasi, Amir Aria, Mahnaz Momenzadeh, Elahe Nasri, Shadi Reisizadeh Mobarakeh
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:179 (20 July 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_400_22
Hydatid cyst is a common disease between humans and animals. Foods that are contaminated with eggs of echinococcal species are the cause of hydatid disease. Although this parasite affects different organs, the liver and lungs are very susceptible but the cardiac hydatid disease is very rare. We report the case of a 33-year-old man admitted because of chest pain. Echocardiography had shown suspected round cyst in the myocardium. More diagnostic managements had demonstrated cystic lesion in the liver, spleen and lungs. There were also multiple cystic lesions in both lungs. He refused surgery and was taken to medical therapy. Myocardial involvement by hydatid cysts occurs very rarely. The main treatment approach for cardiac hydatid disease in patients should be surgery. The alternative treatment was done to those who refused surgical removal, adjuvant therapy such as albendazole for at least 1–6 months. Because myocardial involvement by hydatid cysts is uncommon, we decided to report this rare case.
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Case Report:
A case report: An unusual variation in the facial artery
Saeed Zamani, Azadeh Safaee, Sayed Mehrdad Azimi, Mansour Homayoun
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:178 (20 July 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_258_22
The facial artery is the main artery supplying the face occasionally. It gives three branches on the face, the inferior labial, the superior labial, and the lateral nasal, and terminates as the angular artery. Due to congenital vascular variations in the facial artery, it has been considered in the dissection of the head and neck region. During the dissection of a 65-year-old woman to expose this region, we discovered that the left facial artery is terminated by the superior labial artery after giving off the submental and inferior labial branches. At the level of the left oral commissure, the facial artery was attached to the buccinator muscle as connective tissue, with a noticeable decrease in diameter. The purpose of this study is to report a new variation of the facial artery that is particularly important for cadaver dissection, and head and neck surgeries, as well as for facial artery angiography.
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Case Report:
A case of pneumoperitoneum after colonoscopy without frank perforation
Maryam Soheilipour, Mahnaz Momenzadeh, Amir Aria, Fatemeh Saghar, Elham Tabesh
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:177 (20 July 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_376_22
Benign pneumoperitoneum can happen after colonoscopy, which shows itself as free air in the abdomen without symptoms or pneumoperitoneum without peritonitis. In this case, we reported a rare case of an elderly man who had acute abdominal stiffness after colonoscopy and observation of free air under the diaphragm that no perforation was observed in the intestine during laparoscopy and only one tiny intestinal tumor was randomly reported. There is no consensus on the treatment of pneumoperitoneum after colonoscopy. Patients with peritonitis benefit from laparoscopy but patients with micro perforation and asymptomatic patients benefit from intravenous antibiotic treatment and bowel rest.
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Original Article:
Detection of opportunistic fungi from the bronchoalveolar lavage specimens of patients with pulmonary diseases
Sahar Kianipour, Parvin Dehghan, Mohammad Emami Ardestani
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:176 (20 July 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_297_22
Background:
Opportunistic fungi are a constantly evolving group of pathogens that become active when the immune system is compromised, begin to multiply, and soon overwhelm the weakened immune system. This study was performed to evaluate the number of opportunistic fungi in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples of patients with pulmonary diseases.
Materials and Methods:
After receiving patients' consent and demographic forms, a total of 120 BAL samples were taken by a pulmonary physician. The etiologic agents were identified by standard morphological and molecular methods. Yeast cells were counted on culture media, and direct smears were precisely examined for the presence of yeasts elements,
Pneumocystis
, and filamentous fungi.
Results:
In this study, 29 (24.1%) patients showed positive direct smears for yeast elements in their BAL samples. The mean colony count of yeasts was 42,000 (CFU/mL) on culture media. Six (5%) species of filamentous fungi, including three (2.5%) isolates of
Penicillium
species (
P. variabile, P. glabrum
, and
P. thomii
), two (1.67%)
Aspergillus
species (
A. flavus
and
A. fumigatus
), 1 case (0.83%)
Pseudallescheria boydii
were detected. Seven cases (5.83%) of
Pneumocystis
cysts were observed in the direct smears stained with Giemsa. Identification of all fungi confirmed by molecular or sequencing methods.
Conclusions:
Due to the presence of a large number of fungi in the BAL samples and possible physical interference with the selected drugs for treatment, we draw the attention of pulmonologists to this important issue. Rapid diagnosis of fungal infections is essential to optimize treatments and outcomes.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE:
Apoptosis as a potential target to arrest and survival of hydatid cyst
Maryam Rahmani-Dehaghani, Sepideh Tolouei, Hossain Yousofi-Darani, Zahra Ghayour-Najafabadi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:175 (30 June 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_152_22
Background:
Hydatidosis is a serious and life-threatening disease that may lead to the death of the host if diagnosed and treated improperly. Apoptosis has been investigated as a mechanism of host innate immunity in suppressing parasites and also the survival of cysts in the human body. The present study investigates the process and role of apoptosis caused by a host cell or parasite in hydatid cysts.
Materials and Methods:
Survey cytotoxic effect and apoptotic mortality of hydatid-treated lymphocytes were investigated. Also, to determine the mechanism of apoptosis in host and parasite, the mean gene expressions of
Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase 3
in hydatid-treated lymphocytes, and
Fas-L
gene in the laminated-germinal layer of fertile and infertile hydatid cysts were evaluated.
Results:
The viability of fertile and infertile hydatid fluid-treated lymphocytes was significantly different compared with the control group. Flow cytometry also showed apoptotic cells.
Bax
mean gene expression was significantly different between fertile and infertile treated lymphocytes. However, there was no significant difference in the mean expression of
Caspase 3,
and
Bcl-2
genes in these two groups. Although the expression of the
Fas-L
gene in infertile cysts was higher than in fertile cysts, the result was not significant.
Conclusion:
It seems that hydatid cyst fluid may induce apoptosis in lymphocytes so that, hydatid cysts can escape from the immune system and stay alive. On the other hand, the results represent the possible immune path of host apoptosis against the parasite as one of the important routes in infertility of hydatid cysts.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE:
TUSC3
methylation in peripheral blood cells as a biomarker for diagnosis of colorectal cancer
Goli Siri, Meysam Mosallaei, Naeim Ehtesham, Hasan Rahimi, Madineh Mazarei, Mehrdad Nasrollahzadeh Sabet, Javad Behroozi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:174 (30 June 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_396_22
Background:
Several case-control studies have suggested that global and loci-specific deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of DNA might be potential biomarkers of cancer diagnosis and prognosis. In this study, for the first time, we intended to assess the diagnostic power of the methylation level of tumor suppressor candidate 3 (
TUSC3
) gene promoter in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).
Materials and Methods:
In the current study, we quantitatively assessed the promoter methylation level of
TUSC3
in PBMCs of 70 CRC cases and 75 non-cancerous subjects via methylation quantification of endonuclease-resistant DNA (MethyQESD) method.
Results:
The methylation level of the
TUSC3
was meaningfully higher in CRC cases than in non-CRC subjects (43.55 ± 21.80% vs. 16.07 ± 13.63%, respectively;
P
< 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of this gene for the detection of CRC were 88.6% and 76.0%, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve examination discovered an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.880, representing a very high accuracy of the
TUSC3
methylation marker in distinguishing CRC subjects from healthy individuals. However, there was no substantial diversity in methylation level between various CRC stages (
P
: 0.088).
Conclusion:
For CRC screening, PBMCs are a reliable source for DNA methylation analysis and
TUSC3
promoter methylation can be utilized as a hopeful biomarker for early and non-invasive diagnosis of CRC.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE:
Association between the treatment of rosacea and eradication of
Helicobacter pylori
infection
Maryam Aghaei, Shahrzad Aghaei, Fatemeh Behshadnia, Mohsen Ghomashlooyan, Armin Khaghani, Elahe H Baradaran, Farahnaz F Naeini, Fariba Iraji, Zabihollah Shahmoradi, Sayed M Hosseini, Seyed H Hejazi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:173 (30 June 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_236_22
Background:
Rosacea is a multifactorial skin inflammatory disorder with an unknown cure. Genetics and environmental factors such as microorganisms are involved in the rosacea etiology, for example,
Helicobacter pylori
have been suggested in rosacea progression. The present study investigated the relationship between
H. pylori
eradication and rosacea patient's improvement.
Materials and Methods:
H. pylori
infection was investigated in 60 rosacea patients and 65 sex- and age-matched healthy control through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and HpSag tests. After infection confirmation, randomly half of the rosacea patients were treated for
H. pylori
eradication (test), and others received standard treatment (control). HpSag and ELISA tests were repeated after infection eradication and disease flow was surveyed for 60 days. The groups were compared using the ANOVA (Analysis Of Variance) test at the significant level of
P
< 0.05.
Results:
At the baseline, the mean of immunoglobulin G (IgG) (59.27 ± 41.4 RU/mL) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) (11.55 ± 6.1 RU/mL) in rosacea patients was higher than the level of IgG (41.38 ± 54.33 RU/mL) and IgM (8.11 ± 8.91 RU/mL) in healthy control (
P
< 0.04) and (
P
< 0.01), respectively. Also, the values for
H. pylori
infection were positive in all patients and 10 healthy controls. The mean titer of IgM and IgG in the test and control patients groups were different at baseline and after treatment. Furthermore, in the test patients group, the mean of IgG was reduced in active rosacea after treatment, and 63.9% of active patients showed rosacea remission after
H. pylori
eradication.
Conclusion:
Data suggest the exacerbating role of
H. pylori
in rosacea, and its eradication along with other therapeutic methods causes rosacea improvement.
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Original Article:
Study of the relative frequency of spontaneous pneumothorax recurrence with two policy therapies: A clinical trial
Gholamreza Mohajeri, Hamid Talebzadeh, Ali Fallah-Mehrjardi, Hamidreza Soltani, Mahdi Neshan
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:172 (30 June 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_198_22
Background:
Spontaneous pneumothorax is a potentially fatal condition with a high risk of recurrence. The purpose of this study is to compare two different approaches to SP management. In the first group, patients underwent only chemical pleurodesis; in the second group, CT-scan, VATS, and then chemical pleurodesis was performed.
Materials and Methods:
This study is a non-randomized clinical trial conducted on 65 patients admitted to Al-Zahra Hospital in Isfahan with a primary complaint of sudden dyspnea and a definitive diagnosis of spontaneous pneumothorax. Two studies compared the main outcomes of recurrence within six months and the time until recurrence.
Results:
Age, sex, and BMI were matched between the two study groups. The side of the pneumothorax, smoking history, and pulmonary disease history did not differ significantly (
P
> 0.05). Pneumothorax recurrence did not differ significantly between the two groups (
P
: 0.477).
Conclusion:
This study demonstrated no distinction between VATS and chemical pleurodesis when using only chemical pleurodesis. However, because numerous studies have suggested that one of these techniques may be beneficial for patients with SP, it is recommended to conduct additional randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a more detailed plan and more comparable procedures, although it appears that meta-analysis design may be effective given the abundance of available RCT studies.
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Letter To Editor:
Evaluation of specific IgG antibody in subjects who had been previously infected with SARS-CoV-2
Soodabeh Rostami, Shahrzad Ahangarzadeh, Ali Zamani Moghaddam, Zary Nokhodian, Hossein Modaresifar, Amirsaman Roustaei, Parisa Shoaei, Mohsen Rowzati, Zohreh Tahvilian, Alireza Nazari, Nazila Kassaian, Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard, Behrooz Ataei
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:171 (30 June 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_195_22
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Review Article:
Spotlight on the expanding role of miR-647 in human cancers
Mohammadmahdi Jalili, Setayesh Tavakoli, Kamran Kargar, Milad Rafat, Fatemeh R Rad
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:170 (30 June 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_369_22
MicroRNAs are a large group of small, non-coding ssRNAs (miRNAs) that have an epigenetically pivotal role in gene expression and other biological processes in cells and can be regarded as capable biomarkers for the early detection and management of cancer. The aim of the present review article is to summarize the evidence for recognizing the molecular mechanism, target genes, and clinical significance of miR-647 in different cancers. Multiple studies have demonstrated that aberrant expression of miR-647 could be found in a variety of malignancies, such as bladder cancer, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, glioma, hepatocellular carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, and prostate cancer have reported, notably, increase or decrease in expression of miR-647 so that it can function as a tumorigenic (oncomiR) or tumor suppressor gene. MiR-647 is effective in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cancer cells by playing a function in cell cycle pathways. MiR-647 can be a valuable potential biomarker for assessing the extent of cancer, prognosis, and response to therapy and shows great therapeutic efficacy in different solid tumors. Moreover, serum concentrations of miR-647 are directly effective in decreasing overall survival and disease progression. So, an efficient therapeutic target can be the effect on miR-647 expression by antitumor drugs.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE:
Assessment of hip range of motion limitations in cases with low back pain based on the classified movement system impairment
Farzaneh Khayam Nekoie, Hosein Kouhzad Mohammadi, Alireza Afshari-Safavi, Hossein Mahdidust Jalali, Navid Taheri
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:169 (30 June 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_337_22
Background:
The hip joint's limitation causes lumbopelvic compensatory motions, accumulating tissue stress on the lumbar spines. It is essential and valuable to evaluate hip rotation range of motion (ROM) in different low back pain (LBP) classifications to understand them and plan the best exercise program. This study aimed to compare hip rotation ROM between subjects with and without LBP classified in movement system impairment (MSI).
Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, 100 subjects with LBP were classified into different MSI subgroups (mean age of 41.66 ± 7.82 years), and 100 healthy subjects (mean age of 38.96 ± 8.84 years) participated. Passive and active hip medial and lateral rotations ROM in prone and supine positions for dominant and non-dominant lower limbs were measured.
Results:
Generally, in the LBP group, minimal lateral rotation as compared to controls in movement tests measuring hip rotation ROM actively and passively, in prone and sitting positions, and for dominant and non-dominant limbs (
P
< 0.05). There were no significant differences among the LBP subgroups (
P
> 0.05).
Conclusions:
Due to LBP, regardless of the MSI categories, remarkably restricted hip lateral rotation ROM.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE:
The topical formulation of whey protein for the prevention of pressure ulcers in critically ill patients: A novel intervention in a randomized-controlled clinical trial
Soroush Samimi, Saeed Abbasi, Azadeh Taheri, Shadi Farsaei
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:168 (30 June 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_302_22
Background:
High prevalence of pressure ulcers (PUs) and their complications are important dilemmas in the intensive care unit (ICU). Therefore this study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of topical whey protein formulation in preventing PUs in patients admitted to the ICU.
Materials and Methods:
In this randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial under registration number [IRCTdeted for blinded article], 80 eligible ICU patients were randomly allocated to receive topical ointment of whey protein or placebo on the sacrum with a diameter of 15 cm twice daily for seven days, in addition to the routine care. The mean risk score for developing PUs was calculated at baseline using the Braden tool, and the PUSH score was used to assess PUs on days 4, 7, and 14. Patients' related demographic and clinical variables were also collected using a medical record for more evaluation.
Results:
Our results showed that demographic characteristics and the Braden scores' baseline mean were not significantly different between groups (
P
> 0.05). The repeated measures ANOVA test revealed that the mean scores of PUs at various times were markedly lower in the whey protein than in the placebo group (
P
< 0.001).
Conclusion:
This intervention can be routinely added as effective, safe, inexpensive, and accessible care to reduce the incidence of PUs for patients at risk of developing this injury.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE:
24-hydroxycholesterol moderates the effects of amyloid-β on expression of HMG-CoA reductase and ABCA1 proteins in mouse astrocytes
Zahra Nazeri, Ghorban Mohammadzadeh, Mojtaba Rashidi, Shirin Azizdoost, Maryam Cheraghzadeh, Alireza Kheirollah
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:167 (30 June 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_245_22
Background:
Elevated brain cholesterol increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease. Production of 24-hydroxycholesterol (24s-OHC) by neurons prevents cholesterol accumulation in the brain. In this study, we investigated the effect of 24s-OHC on the HMG-COA reductase and ABCA1 which are involved in the brain cholesterol homeostasis with or without β-amyloid in astrocytes.
Methods and Materials:
Astrocytes were treated with 24s-OHC with or without Aβ. Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction were done to detect protein and gene expression of β-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) and ABCA1, respectively. Cholesterol release was determined using a quantitation kit.
Results:
Protein levels of HMGCR and ABCA1 were significantly increased by Aβ; however, the 24s-OHC was able to restore their levels and diminish the effect of amyloid-β. Aβ did not have a significant effect on HMGCR expression, while 24s-OHC reduced it by 68%. Aβ-induced ABCA1 expression did not increase cholesterol efflux as the lower levels of cholesterol in conditioned medium of Aβ-treated cells were found.
Conclusion:
Our novel findings show that Aβ affects two key elements in the brain cholesterol homeostasis, HMGCR and ABCA1, which are crucial in cholesterol synthesis and efflux. Since 24s-OHC could suppress the Aβ effects on enhancement of HMGCR and ABCA1, therefore the cytochrome P450 46A1 (Cyp46A1), which is exclusively expressed in the central nervous system and responsible for producing of 24s-OHC, could consider as a therapeutic target in the cholesterol-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE:
The effect of healthy mental lifestyle package on sleep quality, mental health, and lifestyle of substance users
Fahimeh Amini, Saeed Vaziri, Zahra Amini
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:166 (30 June 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_186_22
Background:
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a training package based on the lived experience of substance abusers on sleep problems and mental health.
Materials and Methods:
The current study was performed on 70 subjects equally distributed into two groups of control and intervention, Data collection tools included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and the Basic Adlerian Scales for Interpersonal Success—Adult Form (BASIS-A) Inventory. Data analysis was administered using the independent
t
-test, paired
t
-test, and MANCOVA. Statistical significance was considered when the
P
value < 0.05.
Results:
A total of 70 subjects participated in this study; 7 (10.6%) were females and 59 (89.4%) were males, with a mean age of 36.29 ± 8.588 years. The total score of PSQI was 12.48 (±4.206) and 13.16 (±3.397) for control and intervention groups, respectively, and declined to 12.33 (±4.442) and 9.56 (±4.45) after the intervention. The intervention resulted in an improved score for scales of belonging, going along, taking charge, harshness, being liked by all, and striving for perfection. Whereas the total score of the GHQ is reduced for both groups, that in the intervention group showed a higher decrease, which was also statistically significant.
Conclusion:
The developed training package successfully improved participants' sleep quality, mental health, and lifestyle.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE:
Evaluation of maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19 based on different trimesters
Minoo Movahedi, Khadijeh M Siahafshari, Maryam Hajhashemi, Farzin Khorvash, Milad Saeidi, Zahra Allameh
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:165 (30 June 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_173_22
Background:
COVID-19 is the leading cause of the recent pandemic in the globe. This disease might have different effects on the maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnancy. The aim of this study was to assess these outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19 infections in different trimesters.
Materials and Methods:
This is a prospective cohort study that was performed in February 2020 to August 2021 in Isfahan on 430 pregnant women with definite diagnosis of COVID-19 infection admitted to our medical centers. The included cases were followed based on the gestational age in which they were diagnosed with COVID-19 infection. Patients were divided into three groups (first, second, and third trimesters) based on COVID-19 infection.
Results:
The frequency of requiring mechanical ventilation was higher in mothers with COVID-19 in the second trimester (
P
= 0.049) and the frequency of PIH was significantly higher in mothers with COVID-19 in the third trimester compared to other women (
P
= 0.009). Fetal growth restriction (FGR) was also observed in 22 patients (5.3%) that was mostly observed with COVID-19 in the third trimester (
P
= 0.012). Oligohydramnios and fetal distress leading to C/S were observed in 19 patients (4.6%) and 12 patients (2.9%), respectively. The majority of maternal mortality was among cases with COVID-19 infection in the third trimester (44.4%).
Conclusion:
We observed higher maternal and fetal complications in women especially those in the third trimester. Our results were in line with the findings of previous studies. Women with COVID-19 infection in the third trimester had highest frequencies of preterm labor and FGR.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE:
Comparison of high uterosacral and sacrospinous ligament suspension surgeries for the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse in women
Maryam Hajhashemi, Aazam Zafarbakhsh, Minoo Movahedi, Aryan Rafieezadeh, Behnaz Sattari Rizi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:164 (30 June 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_168_22
Background:
Pelvic floor disorders include urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, and pelvic floor prolapse, which are common complaints in women. Patients that suffer from uterine prolapse could benefit from surgical procedures that stabilize pelvic ligaments. Here, we aimed to compare the high uterosacral and sacrospinous ligament suspension surgeries.
Materials and Methods:
This clinical trial was performed in 2019–2021 on 64 women with uterine prolapse. Demographic data of the patients, including age, body mass index (BMI), past medical diseases, history of delivery, type of delivery, and duration of hospitalization, were collected. We assessed their urinary symptoms, prolapse degree, and sexual symptoms using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and Pelvic Floor Disability Index (PFDI-20) questionnaires before surgical interventions. Patients were divided into two groups undergoing high uterosacral and sacrospinous ligament suspension. They were followed up 6 and 12 months after surgeries.
Results:
Patients treated with sacrospinous ligament suspension had higher frequencies of surgical complications (
P
= 0.039), and the most common complication was low back pain (15.6%). The uterine prolapse andC point degree improved significantly in all cases after 6 and 12 months (
P
< 0.001). The Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantifications System (POP-Q) scores improved significantly in both groups 6 and 12 months after surgery (
P
< 0.001), and patients who underwent sacrospinous ligament suspension had significantly lower pain intensity compared to the other group (
P
= 0.003). FSFI scores improved significantly in patients treated in both groups (
P
< 0.001).
Conclusion:
Both high uterosacral and sacrospinous ligament suspension techniques significantly improved pain, uterine prolapse, and C point degree.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE:
Remdesivir prescription in pregnant women infected with COVID-19: A report of compassionate use
Azam Zafarbakhsh, Atefeh Vaezi, Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard, Fahimeh Sabet, Maryam Dehghan
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:163 (30 June 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_142_22
Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that the physiological changes in pregnancy can make pregnant patients more susceptible to more severe forms of this infection. Hence, the treatment of COVID-19 in pregnant women can be challenging. This study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Remdesivir in pregnant women with COVID-19.
Materials and Methods:
This study was conducted on 150 pregnant women with moderate to severe COVID-19 infection. Remdesivir was prescribed and continued for 5 or 10 days according to the patient's condition. Maternal and pregnancy outcomes and also recovery rates were evaluated. Moreover, additional variables were examined: age, gestational age, symptoms, O2 saturation and laboratory tests at admission, the interval between symptom initiation and admission to hospital and Remdesivir prescription, hospitalization days, and ICU admission.
Results:
The mean age was 32.37 years. Cough and dyspnea were the most prevalent symptoms (74% and 68.7%, respectively). At the time of admission, 79 (52.7%) women needed low-flow oxygen support, 67 (44.7%) needed high-flow oxygen support, and 4 (2.7%) were intubated. Fifty-four (36%) patients required ICU care. In patients who died (12 women), Remdesivir was prescribed later than those discharged (
P
value, 0.04). Patients with favorable pregnancy outcomes received Remdesivir earlier than those with unfavorable pregnancy outcomes (
P
value: 0.008). The recovery rate was 70% (89.9% in the low-flow oxygen, 50.7% in the NIPPV/high flow oxygen, and 0% in the intubated women).
Conclusion:
The results suggest that the early prescription of Remdesivir in pregnant women with moderate COVID-19 can improve the outcomes.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE:
Relation between biochemical parameters and bone density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis
Mohammad Reza Salamat, Shokouh Momeni, Ali Asghar Rastegari
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:162 (30 June 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_135_22
Background:
Osteoporosis is the most prevalent metabolic bone disease in postmenopausal women associated with reduced bone mass and increased bone fracture. Measuring bone density in the lumbar spine and hip is a reliable measure of bone mass and can therefore specify the risk of fracture. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is an accurate non-invasive system measuring bone density, with a low margin of error and no complications. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between biochemical parameters with bone density in postmenopausal women.
Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 87 postmenopausal women referred to osteoporosis centers in Isfahan. Bone density was measured in the spine and hip area using the DXA system. Serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and magnesium were measured by an autoanalyzer, and serum levels of vitamin D were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Results:
The mean parameters of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, vitamin D, and magnesium did not show a significant difference between the two groups (
P
-value > 0.05). In the control group, the relationship between alkaline phosphatase and bone mineral content (BMC) and bony area (BA) in the spine was significant with a correlation coefficient of − 0.402 and 0.258, respectively (
P
-value < 0.05) and BMD and T-score in the femoral neck area showed a direct and significant relationship with phosphorus (correlation = 0.368;
P
value = 0.038). There was a significant relationship between the Z-score with calcium (correlation = 0.358;
P
value = 0.044).
Conclusion:
There was no significant relationship between the values of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, vitamin D, and magnesium parameters and bone density (spine and hip) in postmenopausal women with osteopenia or osteoporosis.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE:
Low current intensity plus an ineffective dose of morphine affect conditioning place preference through different pathways in the lateral habenula
Elahe Amohashemi, Parham Reisi, Hojjat Allah Alaei
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:161 (30 June 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_126_22
Background:
The involvement of lateral habenula and the ineffective dose of morphine on reward-related learning and memory is less well-known. This study looked into the effects of electrical stimulation, GABA
B
receptor blockade, and a combination of both with morphine on conditioned place preference.
Materials and Methods:
In this experiment, male rats were anesthetized with ketamine/xylazine (six rats in each group). A 5-day biased conditioned place preference paradigm was used for the behavioral test. The effects of electrical stimulation and phaclofen plus a low dose of morphine on the acquisition and expression phases were examined during conditioning sessions and before the test phase, respectively.
Results:
The conditioning scores were reduced by antagonist injection during the acquisition phase. Interestingly, different intensities exhibited opposite effects on the acquisition phase. Conditioned place preference scores during the acquisition phase were significantly induced by 25 μA electrical stimulation, while conditioning scores were suppressed by electrical stimulation at 150 μA. Phaclofen (2 μg/rat) combined with high intensity induced aversion during the acquisition phase, while inhibiting expression. In contrast, high intensity with phaclofen (1 μg/rat) inhibited only the acquisition session. However, low intensity during the acquisition phase had an additive effect that was prevented by pretreatment with phaclofen (2 μg/rat), but this response was modified by the antagonist's low dose.
Conclusions:
A behavioral technique called conditioned place preference is frequently used to evaluate learning that is related to rewards. Therefore, lateral habenula electrical stimulation and phaclofen plus morphine could affect place preference through the involvement of the reward system.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE:
Polymorphisms in maternal selected folate metabolism-related genes in neural tube defect-affected pregnancy
Winner K Dewelle, Daniel S Melka, Abenezer T Aklilu, Mahlet Y Gebremariam, Markos A Alemayehu, Dawit H Alemayehu, Tamrayehu S Woldemichael, Solomon G Gebre
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:160 (30 June 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_103_22
Background:
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are abnormalities of the brain and spinal cord, which occur as a result of failure in neural tube closure during embryogenesis. Causes of NTDs are complex and multiple, with hereditary, lifestyle, and environmental factors appearing to play a role. In spite of their impact on public health, the role genetics play on NTDs in Ethiopia is lacking. In this study, the role of polymorphisms in MTHFR 677C > T (rs1801133), MTHFR 1298A > C (rs1801131), MTRR 66A > G (rs1801394), RFC1 80A > G (rs1051266), and TCN2 776C > G (rs1801198) on the risk of having NTD-affected pregnancy was investigated.
Materials and Methods:
One hundred women with NTD-affected pregnancy and 100 women with normal pregnancy were included in the study. DNA was extracted from saliva and genotyping for five polymorphisms in four genes was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The departure of the genotype's distribution from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was evaluated using the x
2
goodness-of-fit test. Frequencies of genotypes and alleles in case and control mothers were determined and differences between relative frequencies were evaluated by the x
2
or the Fisher's exact test.
Results:
The statistically significant difference was absent in the genotype and allele frequencies for all the analyzed polymorphisms between cases and controls (
P
> 0.05).
Conclusion:
MTHFR 677C > T, MTHFR 1298A > C, MTRR 66A > G, RFC1 80A > G, and TCN2 776C > G polymorphisms lack association with the risk of having a pregnancy affected by NTD. The role of other genes or environmental factors in NTD etiology needs to be investigated.
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Review Article:
Association of lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) with histological tumor grade and myometrial invasion in endometrial carcinoma: A review study
Azita Rafiee, Fereshteh Mohammadizadeh
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:159 (28 June 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_52_23
Endometrial carcinoma is one of the most frequent gynecological cancers in developed countries. Lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), histological grade, and myometrial invasion (MMI) are important prognostic factors of endometrial carcinoma. LVSI is considered an independent poor prognostic factor in endometrial carcinoma. Based on the importance of LVSI, this study aimed to discuss the association of LVSI with tumor grade and MMI. A search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library was carried out to collect related studies. Consequently, most studies showed that LVSI is significantly associated with higher histologic grade and deep MMI.
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Original Article:
The effect and safety of olanzapine on nausea and vomiting in children receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy
Aziz Eghbali, Tahereh Bagherloo, Ali Ghasemi, Roghayeh R Afzal, Aygin Eghbali, Kazem Ghaffari
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:158 (28 June 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_356_22
Background:
In order to improve the complete recovery of nausea and vomiting, we conducted a study with the aim of preventing acute and delayed nausea and vomiting in children undergoing moderate emetogenic chemotherapy.
Materials and Methods:
A clinical trial study was done on 130 children received chemotherapy. Patients received olanzapine and placebo. All groups received granisetron along with dexamethasone (DEX). The severity of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) induced by chemotherapy was compared in two groups.
Results:
The severity of nausea on the first, second, third, and fourth days was not significantly different (
P
> .05) in two groups. The number of patients without vomiting was significantly different during the first 24 hours after chemotherapy between patients in the two groups (82.3% vs 64.5%;
P
= .016).
Conclusion:
This study showed that olanzapine, which acts as an inhibitor of neurotransmitters, had a favorable efficacy in controlling acute and delayed CINV. More studies with large sample size are needed to compare the effect of olanzapine with other agents including aprepitant and palonosetron in the prevention of CINV.
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Original Article:
Identification of potential key genes linked to gender differences in bladder cancer based on gene expression omnibus (GEO) database
Azam Rasti, Omid Abazari, Parisa Dayati, Zahra Kardan, Ali Salari, Masoud Khalili, Fatemeh Movahedi Motlagh, Mohammad Hossein Modarressi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:157 (28 June 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_280_22
Background:
Growing evidence strongly indicates pivotal roles of gender differences in the occurrence and survival rate of patients with bladder cancer, with a higher incidence in males and poorer prognosis in females. Nevertheless, the molecular basis underlying gender-specific differences in bladder cancer remains unknown. The current study has tried to detect key genes contributing to gender differences in bladder cancer patients.
Materials and Methods:
The gene expression profile of GSE13507 was firstly obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Further, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened between males and females using R software. Protein–protein interactive (PPI) network analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kaplan–Meier survival analyses were also performed.
Results:
We detected six hub genes contributing to gender differences in bladder cancer patients, containing IGF2, CCL5, ASPM, CDC20, BUB1B, and CCNB1. Our analyses demonstrated that CCNB1 and BUB1B were upregulated in tumor tissues of female subjects with bladder cancer. Other genes, such as IGF2 and CCL5, were associated with a poor outcome in male patients with bladder cancer. Additionally, three signaling pathways (focal adhesion, rheumatoid arthritis, and human T-cell leukemia virus infection) were identified to be differentially downregulated in bladder cancer versus normal samples in both genders.
Conclusion:
Our findings suggested that gender differences may modulate the expression of key genes that contributed to bladder cancer occurrence and prognosis.
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Original Article:
Are ROMA and HE4 more accurate than CA-125, in predicting of ovarian epithelial carcinoma?
Fariba Behnamfar, Aazam Zafarbakhsh, Narges Ahmadian
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:156 (28 June 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_264_22
Background:
Evaluation of ovarian tumors based on tumor markers could have high clinical importance. In this study, we aimed to assess the predictive value of HE4 and Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm (ROMA) compared to CA-125 in the Malignancy of ovarian epithelial masses.
Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was performed in 2020–2021 including 203 patients. Serum HE4 and CA-125 levels were checked before surgery. According to the pathology report (benign, borderline, or malignant epithelial mass), the predictive values of the three markers were evaluated.
Results:
About 146 cases were benign; 14 cases were borderline and 43 cases were malignant. Most patients (69.8%) in the malignant group were in stage 3. Significantly higher levels of all three markers (CA-125, HE4, and ROMA) were found in patients with malignant tumors compared to benign or borderline tumors (
P
< 0.001 for all). The sensitivity of CA-125 was the highest (90.7%) in pre- and post-menopausal patients but the specificity of HE4 and ROMA were higher than CA-125 (98.1% and 97.5%, respectively, versus 86.9% for CA-125). In post-menopausal patients, both sensitivities of HE4 and ROMA were 90.5% and the specificity and sensitivity of CA-125 were the highest (95.2% and 100%). In premenopausal patients, the sensitivity of ROMA (90.9%) and the specificity of HE4 (100%) were the highest.
Conclusions:
HE4 and ROMA are not necessary for postmenopausal patients in low-resource areas and a check of serum CA-125 will be enough. The higher-cost, ROMA, and HE4 checks are recommended in premenopausal people because they are more sensitive.
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Original Article:
Clinical, laboratory, radiological, and genetic characteristics of pediatric patients with Alagille syndrome
Hasan M Isa, Fawzeya A Alahmed
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:155 (28 June 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_201_22
Background:
Alagille syndrome (ALGS) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by
JAG1
or
NOTCH2
mutation. It is diagnosed by the presence of three out of five features: characteristic facies, posterior embryotoxon, peripheral pulmonary stenosis, vertebral defects, and interlobular bile duct paucity. This study aimed to review the prevalence, clinical presentations, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of patients with ALGS.
Materials and Methods:
This is a retrospective review of patients with ALGS at the Pediatric Department, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Bahrain, between August 1994 and October 2022. The diagnosis was based on clinical, laboratory, radiological, histopathological, and genetic findings.
Results:
Five patients were found to have ALGS. The prevalence of ALGS in Bahrain was 1.04 patients per 100,000 (0.001%). Four were Bahraini and three were females. Median birth weight was 2.3 (2.3–2.5) kg. All patients presented at the time of birth with low birth weight, cholestatic jaundice, clay-colored stool, heart murmur, and dysmorphic facial features. All had congenital heart diseases, two had butterfly vertebrae, and one had posterior embryotoxon. All had elevated liver enzymes and normal abdominal ultrasound. Three had positive hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid scan and one had bile duct paucity in liver biopsy. Three had intraoperative cholangiogram. Four were positive for
JAG1
mutation. All received ursodeoxycholic acid and fat-soluble vitamins. Two required liver transplantation.
Conclusion:
ALGS is a rare disorder in Bahrain. Diagnosis is challenging as the disease can be associated with or misdiagnosed as biliary atresia. Patients with ALGS are at high risk of morbidity either by unnecessary intraoperative cholangiogram or unavoidable liver transplantation.
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Original Article:
P16 expression in human breast carcinoma and its relationship to clinicopathological parameters
Fereshteh Mohammadizadeh, Farnaz Nasri
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:154 (28 June 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_180_22
Background:
p16 is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor and a cardinal regulator of the cell cycle. The relationship between p16 overexpression and poor prognosis of breast cancer has been reported in some studies. This study aimed to evaluate p16 expression in breast cancer in comparison to normal breast tissue and determine the association between p16 expression and clinicopathological parameters in breast cancer.
Materials and Methods:
Paraffin blocks of 110 samples were studied. These included 40 invasive breast carcinoma (tumor group) and normal tissue adjacent to the tumor (tumor control), as well as 30 normal mammoplasty specimens (normal control). Samples were from the pathology archive of Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan, Iran, from 2016 to 2020. p16 expression was studied and compared in these three groups using the immunohistochemistry technique. Moreover, the relationship between p16 expression and age, tumor size, carcinoma subtype, tumor grade, and lymph node involvement was investigated in the tumor group. SPSS version 16 was used to analyze data.
Results:
p16 expression showed a significant difference between the tumor group and the two control groups with a significantly higher expression in the tumor group. There was a significant direct relationship between the intensity of p16 expression and the number of involved lymph nodes (
P
< 0.001). No significant relationship was detected between p16 expression and other clinicopathological factors.
Conclusion:
p16 seems to have a rather significant expression in breast cancer in comparison to normal breast parenchyma. However, among clinicopathological parameters, we found only a direct relationship between lymph node involvement and intensity of p16 expression.
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Original Article:
Comparative analysis and identification of spike mutations in Iranian COVID-19 samples from the first three waves of disease
Parisa Shoaei, Mohammad M Ranjbar, Samaneh Tokhanbigli, Behrouz Ataei, Abbas Alibakhshi, Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard, Shahrzad Ahangarzadeh
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:153 (28 June 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_171_22
Background:
The spike surface glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 is the essential protein in virus attachment to the target cell and cell entrance. As this protein contains immunodominant epitopes and is the main target for immune recognition, it is the critical target for vaccine and therapeutics development. In the current research, we analyzed the variability and mutations of the spike glycoprotein isolated from 72 COVID-19–positive patients from Iran's first three waves of disease.
Materials and Methods:
The RNA was extracted from nasopharyngeal samples of confirmed COVID-19 cases and served as a template for cDNA synthesis and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction products of each sample were assembled and sequenced.
Results:
After analysis of 72 sequences, we obtained 46 single nucleotide polymorphisms, including 23 that produce amino acid changes. Our analysis showed that the most frequent mutation was the D614G (in the samples of the second and third waves).
Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that developing effective vaccines requires identifying the predominant variants of SARS-CoV-2 in each community.
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Review Article:
Kidney allograft rejection and coronavirus disease 2019 infection: A narrative review
Seyed Amirhossein Fazeli, Amirhesam Alirezaei, Amirhossein Miladipour, Mohammad-Mahdi Salarabedi, Kimia Karimi Toudeshki
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:152 (28 June 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_167_22
The world has experienced a global medical and socioeconomic burden following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. COVID-19 is a systemic disease and may affect different organs including the kidneys. Current literature contains reports on COVID-19-related conditions such as acute kidney injury, and complications experienced by chronic kidney disease, end stage kidney disease, and kidney transplant patients. Here, we discuss the incidence of kidney allograft rejection, immunosuppression management and rejection risk, donor-specific antibodies and previous rejection episodes, and rejection outcomes in kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 by reviewing current studies.
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Original Article:
Evaluate the effectiveness of a group psychoeducational intervention in reducing the level of cancer-related fatigue in women receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer: A randomized controlled trial
Mohammad Reza Sharbafchi, Azadeh Malekian, Zahra Ahmadzadeh, Samaneh Torkian, Alireza Baharizadeh, Elham Zarean
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:151 (28 June 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_137_22
Background:
One of the most debilitating symptoms in breast cancer survivors is cancer-related fatigue (CRF). CRF weakens patients' physical, cognitive, and occupational functions. It is associated with poorer quality of life and may reduce recurrence-free and overall survival. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a group psychoeducational intervention in improving CRF in breast cancer patients.
Materials and Methods:
Fifty breast cancer patients who suffered from CRF were randomly assigned to receive a group psychoeducational intervention or control group. This study was designed as an eight weeks clinical trial. The psychoeducational intervention mainly consisted of concentrative movement therapy and energy conservation strategies. Primary outcome measures were the changes in the Fatigue Visual Analogue scale, Cancer Fatigue scale, and Piper Fatigue scale at the study endpoint. Measure assessments were made on four occasions: at baseline, after the intervention, one week, and four weeks post intervention. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS26.
Results:
The intervention improved CRF significantly (
P
< 0.001). All subscales of the Cancer Fatigue scale and the sensory, affective, and cognitive subscales of the Piper Fatigue scale showed statistically significant effects (
P
< 0.001) at all time points. However, the behavioral subscale of the Piper Fatigue scale was different only at the end of the study (
P
< 0.001).
Conclusions:
The group psychoeducational intervention improved CRF significantly. All the sensory, behavioral, physical, affective, and cognitive subscales improved. Accessible and confirmatory treatment can help patients to cope with fatigue in communities.
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Original Article:
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B (LGMD2B) caused by pathogenic splice and missense variants of
DYSF
gene among Iranians with muscular dystrophy
Fatemeh Arab, Najmeh Ahangari, Hadis Malek, Mohammad Doosti, Paria Najarzadeh Torbati, Ehsan Ghayoor Karimiani
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:150 (28 June 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_131_22
Background:
The phenotypic range of limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMDs) varies significantly because of genetic heterogeneity ranging from very mild to severe forms. Molecular analysis of the
DYSF
gene is challenging due to the wide range of mutations and associated complications in interpretations of novel
DYSF
variants with uncertain significance. Thus, in the current study, we performed the NGS analysis and its results are confirmed with Sanger sequencing to find the plausible disease-causing variants in patients with muscular dystrophy and their relatives via segregation analysis.
Materials and Methods:
Nine patients with LGMD type 2B (LGMD2B) characteristics were screened for putative mutations by the whole-exome sequencing (WES) test. Either the patients themselves or their parents and first relatives were investigated in the segregation analysis through Sanger sequencing. The majority of variants were classified as pathogenic through American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines, segregation results, and
in silico
predictions.
Results:
Results revealed eight variants in
DYSF
gene, including three splicing (c.1149+4A>G, c.2864+1G>A, and c.5785-7G>A), two nonsense (p.Gln112Ter and p.Trp2084Ter), two missense (p.Thr1546Pro and p.Tyr1032Cys), and one frameshift (p.Asp1067Ilefs), among nine Iranian families. One of the eight identified variants was novel, including p.Asp1067Ilefs, which was predicted to be likely pathogenic based on the ACMG guidelines. Notably, prediction tools suggested the damaging effects of studied variants on dysferlin structure.
Conclusion:
Conclusively, the current report introduced eight variants including a novel frameshift in
DYSF
gene with noticeable pathogenic effects. This study significantly can broaden the diagnostic spectrum of LGMD2B in combination with previous reports about
DYSF
mutations and may pave the way for a rapidly high-ranked identification of the accurate type of dysferlinopathy.
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Original Article:
Effects of the co-administration of morphine and lipopolysaccharide on toll-like receptor-4/nuclear factor kappa β signaling pathway of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells
Marzieh Kafami, Golnaz Vaseghi, Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard, Manijeh Mahdavi, Nasim Dana, Nazgol Esmalian-Afyouni, Ali Gohari
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:149 (28 June 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_107_22
Background:
The Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene promotes migration in adenocarcinoma cells. Morphine is an agonist for TLR4 that has a dual role in cancer development. The promoter or inhibitor role of morphine in cancer progression remains controversial. This study aims to evaluate the effects of morphine on the TLR4, myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88-dependent (MyD88), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) expressions in the human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line.
Materials and Methods:
The cells were examined after 24 hours of incubation with morphine using the Boyden chamber system. TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB mRNA expressions were assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The concentration of interleukin-2 beta was also measured using the ELISA assay.
Results:
According to the findings, three doses of morphine (0.25, 1.25, and 0.025 μM) increased the expression of the TLR4 and NF-κB genes, whereas no significant change was observed in the mRNA expression of MyD88. Furthermore, treatment with morphine and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) significantly decreased the expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB. However, no significant change was observed in interleukin 2 beta concentration.
Conclusions:
These findings confirmed the excitatory effects of morphine on TRL4 expression and the MYD88 signaling pathway
in vitro
.
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Case Report:
Biotinidase deficiency in the second decade with atypical neuroimaging findings
Vykuntaraju K Gowda, Amit Avaragollapuravarga Mathada, Varunvenkat M Srinivasan, Dhananjaya K Vamyanmane
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:148 (28 June 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_98_22
Biotinidase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive neurometabolic disorder resulting in biotin deficiency. Our patient presented with seizures and developmental delay since infancy and was started on megavitamin supplements. At 14 years, she presented with motor regression with encephalopathy after discontinuation of vitamins. There were no skin and hair changes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed bilateral symmetrical posterior putamen signal changes. Tandem mass spectroscopy showed increased methyl malonyl carnitine and 3-OH isovaleryl carnitine. There was a low biotinidase level, and a pathogenic variant in the
BTD
gene in the next-generation sequencing was identified. Special importance is placed on the unusual symmetric posterior putamen involvement seen in MRI of the brain.
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Systematic Review:
Diagnosis and treatment of coagulopathy caused by the new coronavirus: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Sadegh Abbasian, Mahya Razmi, Hadiseh Bahramian, Mostafa Shanbehzadeh, Hadi Kazemi-Arpanahi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:147 (28 June 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_403_21
Background:
The new coronavirus is an agent of respiratory infections associated with thrombosis in vital organs. This study aimed to propose a better diagnosis and treatment of coagulation disorders caused by the new coronavirus (Covid-19).
Materials and Methods:
Search in Cochrane central, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Ovid will be done. Also, according to the inclusion criteria, cross-sectional studies, cohort, clinical trial, and case-control will be included without gender and language restriction. Participants will also be Covid-19 patients with coagulation disorders. Any disagreement in the stages of screening, selection, and extraction of data between the two reviewers will be resolved by discussion, then if not resolved, the opinion of expert reviewers will be used. The risk of bias will be assessed using the NOS (Newcastle–Ottawa scale) tool for cross-sectional study, cohort and case-control, and the Cochrane checklist for clinical trials study. Metaanalysis of included studies that are similar based on the methodology will be done. Also, a fixed or random-effect model will be used for this it. Heterogeneity indices (I2), odds ratio (OR), risk ratio (RR), mean difference, and %95 confidence interval will also be calculated by Stata V.13.0 (Corporation, College Station TX).
Results
: Treatment with anticoagulants will reduce the severity of thrombosis and lung disease in patients. D-dimer measurement will also be a diagnosis indicator of thrombosis.
Conclusions:
Simultaneous study of coagulation disorders and thrombosis in patients and development of a Godliness based on it will play a treatment role in the follow-up of the coronavirus disease.
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Original Article:
The effect of Lieberman community return program on reducing positive and negative symptoms and improving social skills in patients with schizophrenia
Maryam Emami, Gholamreza Kheirabadi, Mona Fallahi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:146 (28 June 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_21_21
Background:
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Lieberman community return program on reducing positive and negative symptoms and improving social skills in people with schizophrenia.
Materials and Methods:
In this clinical trial study, 58 patients with schizophrenia were randomly allocated into two groups of 29. The first group received 16 sessions of Lieberman community return training and the second group received routine care as a control group. All patients were evaluated before intervention and 1 and 3 months after intervention using the Matson Social Skills Questionnaire and Negative and Positive Symptoms Assessment Scale and compared between the two groups.
Results:
Evaluation of negative symptoms showed that the dimensions of affective flattening, avolition, anhedonia–asociality, attention, and alogia in the intervention group decreased significantly over time (
P
< 0.05), but no significant difference was seen in the control group. The mean score of positive symptoms such as hallucinations, delusion, inappropriate affect, and formal thinking disorder in the intervention group were decreased significantly (
P
< 0.05), but no significant difference was seen in the control group. Appropriate social skills and overall skill score were increased significantly in the intervention group over time (
P
< 0.05).
Conclusion:
Lieberman community return program is likely to reduce the symptoms of schizophrenia and increase patients' social skills.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE:
A study to assess and correlate metabolic parameters with carotid intima-media thickness after combined approach of yoga therapy among prediabetics
Neha Saboo, Sudhanshu Kacker
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:145 (30 May 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_146_22
Background:
Prediabetes is an intermediate hyperglycemia in which the fasting blood glucose (FBG) level is greater than normal (100–125 mg/dl) but lower than diabetic levels (more than 125 mg/dl). The aim of the present study was to evaluate and correlate the impact of the combined approach of yoga therapy (CAYT) on carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and metabolic parameters including FBG, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), and lipid profile-like triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL).
Materials and Methods:
Experimental Interventional study was conducted on a total of 250 prediabetics divided into the control (
n
= 125) and study group (
n
= 125) at “RUHS College of Medical Sciences and associated hospitals.” Assessments were made at baseline and after six months of the CAYT. The study group (
n
= 125) was engaged in the CAYT, which consists of yoga, dietary modification, counseling, and follow-up. The control group not participated in CAYT.
Result:
Mean age of participants was 45.3 ± 5.4 years. Pearson correlation analysis of CIMT and metabolic parameters which were fasting blood sugar, HbA1C, and lipid parameters (TC, TG, and HDL) showed that significant positive correlation with FBG (r = .880), HbA1C (r = .514), TC (r = .523), TG (r = .832), and negative correlation with HDL (r = ˗0.591) after six months of CAYT.
Conclusion:
This study demonstrated that after six months of CAYT metabolic parameters, CIMT were significantly decreased. We have observed a significant correlation exists between CIMT and metabolic parameters. Therefore, regular CIMT measurement might be beneficial for the assessment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and facilitate better use of treatment modalities in prediabetics.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE:
The role of hematological parameters in predicting the death of hospitalized patients with COVID-19
Mahya Mobinikhaledi, Zahra S Mousavi, Vahid Falahati, Ali Ghasemi, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Kazem Ghaffari
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:144 (30 May 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_174_22
Background:
The role of the hematologic indicators in the identification of severe or critical patients requires further investigation. In this study, we focused on predicting Covid-19 patients at risk of progression using blood parameters.
Materials and Methods:
We performed a retrospective study including 444 patients with confirmed Covid-19. Hematological parameters were evaluated. The logistic regression analysis was performed with step-wise method with dependent variables such as intensive care units admission, partial pressure of oxygen saturation, and mortality. Also, independent variables such as hematological parameters, age and sex to assess variables that are likely to predict patients at risk of progression.
Results:
Patients in intensive care units had significantly higher mean absolute neutrophil count than outpatients (
P
< 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in the mean absolute lymphocyte count between dead and survived patients (
P
= 0.015). Multivariate analysis confirmed the positive association of the white blood cells (
P
< 0.001), absolute neutrophil count (
P
< 0.004), red cell distribution width (
P
< 0.001), and lactate dehydrogenase (
P
= 0.007) to be positively associated with the admission of Covid-19 patients in the intensive care units and the absolute monocyte count (
P
= 0.012, Odds ratios = 0.100, CI95% = 0.066-0.605) to be negatively associated with mortality.
Conclusion:
Based on the results of our study, it is recommended to use hematological data to make clinical decisions and evaluate the patient's prognosis.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE:
Differential radiographic chest findings in COVID-19 positive patients with and without comorbidities
Akul Mohan, Rajul Rastogi, Amit Agarwal, Gaurav Patnayak, Neha , Vijai Pratap, Satish Pathak, Anshul Jain, Kush Dugad
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:143 (30 May 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_116_22
Background:
The pandemic of Covid-19 resulted in significant morbidity and mortality, especially in those with pre-existing diseases like diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, etc., primarily due to extensive pulmonary involvement. The chest radiograph is the first imaging tool used in all Covid-19 patients. Hence, in this study, we attempt to understand and evaluate the role of the chest radiograph in Covid-19 patients with and without coexisting diseases.
Materials and Methods:
Our study included RTPCR-positive Covid-19 patients with comorbidities (560 cases) and without comorbidities (145 controls), viz. diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary artery disease, or thyroid disease. All controls and cases had chest radiographs with simple fractional zonal scores in a predesigned proforma. Statistical evaluation of chest radiograph scores was compared with and within groups.
Results:
Among the controls, approximately 63.5% revealed pulmonary findings on chest radiographs contrary to 77% among cases. No statistical differences were noted among controls and cases based on age and gender. The presence of pleural effusion was noted as a significant factor affecting the score and hence the prognosis in both controls and cases. Statistically significant differences were noted in SFZ scores between controls and various case groups.
Conclusion:
Chest radiograph scores in Covid-19 disease are higher in patients with comorbidities at the time of presentation, most marked in those with both hypertension and thyroid disease followed by those with hypertension and coronary artery disease. Lower zone predominance is seen in all patients including those with and without comorbidities. The chest radiograph scores become statistically significant with more than one existing comorbidity.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE:
Comparative study of demographic and toxico-clinical factors of patients with acute poisoning admitted to general intensive care unit versus specific intensive care unit for poisoning cases
Koroush Nemati, Nahid Mirzaee, Anahita Babak, Nastaran Eizadi-Mood
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:142 (30 May 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_125_22
Background:
There is no dedicated specific intensive care unit (ICU) for poisoning cases due to the small number of poisoned patients in some poisoning centers and patients may hospitalized in the general ICU. In this study, we compared the outcome of hospitalization in poisoning and general ICU, in matched patients to demographical and toxico-clinical factors.
Materials and Methods:
This historical cohort study was conducted from September 2020 to January 2022 in the general and poisoning ICUs of Khorshid Hospital affiliated to the University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Patient characteristics, clinical, and toxicological information as well as the therapeutic measures and outcome were collected from hospital medical records and analyzed.
Results:
Totally, 178 (60.1% male and 39.9% female) patients met inclusion criteria. Medicines (56.2%) and opioids (25.3%) followed by pesticides (14%) were the most common substances. Suicide was the type of exposure in 78.7% of the cases. Most patients suffered from lung (19.1%) and kidney (15.2%) injuries. The mortality rate was 23.6%. The median length of hospital stay (
P-
value < 0.001) and duration of ventilator usage was higher (
P
-value < 0.001) in general ICU compared to specific ICU for poisoning cases. No significant difference with respect to demographic, toxico-clinical variables and mortality rate was found between the two groups.
Conclusion:
Among poisoned patients admitted to ICU, reported mortality rate was relatively high. Patients who hospitalized in the specific ICU for poisoning cases have lower length of hospital stay and duration of mechanical ventilation compared to general ICU.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE:
Detection of HSV-1, HSV-2 and VZV isolated from cerebrospinal fluid samples of children suspected to encephalitis
Golnaz Dehghan, Hossein Goudarzi, Sasan Saket, Maryam Kazemi Aghdam, Morvarid Golrokh Mofrad, Ebrahim Faghihloo
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:141 (30 May 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_322_22
Background:
Encephalitis is an uncommon, serious brain infection that can cause fatality among children. The cause of most encephalitis remained unknown, yet viruses are the most well-known infectious agents that cause encephalitis. This study aimed to determine varicella–zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus type 1, 2 (HSV1/2) among individuals who are under 5 years of age in Iran.
Materials and Methods:
In this study, 149 cerebrospinal fluid samples of suspected patients of encephalitis were analyzed with some symptoms, such as seizure, fever, nausea loss of consciousness, and dizziness from Mofid Children's Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Then, the molecular evaluation of samples was performed using multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for detecting HSV1/2 and VZV.
Results:
The mean age of the patients was 1.8 years. Also, 63.4% of children were male and 36.6% were female. Out of 149 tested samples, 11 (7.3%) showed the viral DNA for one of the herpes viruses (7.3%). Nine samples were HSV1 positive (6.0%) and two samples were VZV positive (1.3%). Fever and vomiting were the most frequent symptoms. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) WBC and counts in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-positive samples, and all included samples were 298.8 ± 552.7 cells/μL and 131.1 ± 474.6 cells/μL, respectively.
Conclusions:
Although viral encephalitis is considered a threat to children's health, with accurate diagnosis and appropriate antiviral drugs, death and neurological complications in children can be prevented.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE:
Evaluation of the incidence of the esophagogastric pre-cancerous mucosal lesions after bariatric surgery
Behrooz Keleidari, Hamid Melali, Mohsen Mahmoudieh Dehkordi, Masoud Sayadi, Fatemeh Allahbakhshian Farsani, Mohammad Fakhrolmobasheri, Mahmood Mostafavi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:140 (30 May 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_148_22
Background:
Bariatric surgery is associated with significant risk reduction for obesity-related and hormone-mediated cancers; however, few studies report gastric or esophageal cancer development after bariatric surgery. This study evaluates the incidence of pre-cancerous mucosal lesions one year after bariatric surgery.
Materials and Methods:
Eligible patients for omega-loop gastric bypass and classic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) underwent upper endoscopy before bariatric surgery and one year after the procedure. Several biopsies were obtained from esophagogastric mucosa, all of which were evaluated by pathologists regarding the development of any pre-cancerous lesion.
Results:
A total of 108 patients were included in the study. Seventy-one underwent omega bypass and 37 classic RYGB. Follow-up endoscopy indicated no dysplastic changes in esophagogastric mucosa one year after the surgery. The number of patients with gastric intestinal metaplasia was 22 and 25 before and after the surgery, respectively, which was not a statistically significant increase.
Conclusion:
Bariatric surgeries might not increase the risk of developing pre-cancerous lesions in the esophagogastric mucosa. Further epidemiological studies may help to establish this finding.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE:
Effects of teriparatide on clinical and radiologic long-term outcomes after fixation of pertrochanteric hip fractures
Mehdi Hosseini Khameneh, Mona Gorji, Meisam Jafari Kafi-Ababdi, Farsad Biglari, Morteza Gholipour, Keivan Asadi, Amir Sabbaghzadeh
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:139 (30 May 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_127_22
Background:
Pertrochanteric hip fractures are common and among serious injuries of the old population with considerable mortality and morbidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term effects of recombinant human parathyroid hormone on postoperative clinical and radiologic outcomes in elderly patients with pertrochanteric hip fractures.
Materials and Methods:
Between 2016 and 2019, we prospectively assessed 80 patients with pertrochanteric hip fractures who underwent reduction and internal fixation with a dynamic hip screw. Patients were divided randomly into two groups. About 40 patients in the control group who received supplementary calcium (1000 mg/day) and vitamin D (800 UI/day), and 40 others who were treated additionally with 20–28 mg daily teriparatide for three months post-operatively. The functional and radiologic assessment was done using visual analog scale (VAS), Harris hip score (HSS), and standard radiographs of the hip.
Results:
At the final follow-up, there was a significant difference between the two groups regarding average HSS (68.38 in the control group versus 74.12 in the treatment group,
P-
value <0.001). VAS score was also significantly lower in the treatment group (
P
-value <0.001). Regarding radiographic evidence of union, the results were not statistically different between the two groups.
Conclusions:
The current study illustrated that short-term daily administration of teriparatide improves long-term functional outcome after pertrochanteric hip fracture fixation and can reduce the pain but does not affect union and callus formation.
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Review Article:
Pie-crusting technique of medial collateral ligament for total knee arthroplasty in varus deformity: A systematic review
Mehdi Motififard, Hadi Ravanbod, Rashed Rahmati, Mohammad Saleki
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:138 (30 May 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_239_21
Background:
We aimed to better understand the outcomes/complications of pie-crusting technique using blade knife during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with knee genu varum deformity.
Materials and Methods:
A systematic search was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. English and Persian language articles were considered on the use of pie-crusting technique during TKA in patients with knee genu varum/varus deformity using related keywords and Medical Subject Headings terms with reported postoperative complications and outcomes.
Results:
Primary search resulted in 81 studies of them 9 included in our study (ages ranged: 19 years to 62 years). No perioperative complications and/or any significant differences between pie-crusting and control group were observed. Except for two studies that found no significant positive effect for the use of pie-crusting, other studies found pie-crusting a useful and promising technique. Four studies found significant improvement in pie-crusting group compared to control in terms of functional Knee Society Score (KSS), range of motion (ROM), medial gap, and the knee-specific KKS. Three records found no significant differences in terms of functional KSS, ROM; however, they reported fewer use of constrained inserts or a reasonable correction of femoral tibial angle. No serious complications were reported.
Conclusions:
Due to the inconsistency of the results on the efficiency and outcomes of pie-crusting, we cannot make a firm conclusion and more high-quality studies are needed in this regard. However, this method can be considered as a safe method which depends on the skill of surgeon.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE:
Characteristics of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in a major referral center in Shiraz, Iran
Razieh Dowran, Fahime Edalat, Majid Fardi, Seyed Mohammad Ali Hashemi, Afagh Moattari
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:137 (30 May 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_399_21
Background:
Several countries, including Iran, have been affected by the novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic since December 2019. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive report on COVID-19 patients in Shiraz, Southern Iran.
Materials and Methods:
This study was performed on 311 hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The data on demographic, clinical, and paraclinical features were analyzed.
Results:
The median age of the patients was 58 years, with 42.1% of the patients being above 60 years of age. Upon admission, fever was detected in 28.2% of critically ill patients. At least one underlying disease or risk factor was also present in 75.6% of the patients. Shortness of breath was the most common clinical symptom (66.2%), dry cough (53.7%), and muscle pain (40.5%) was the second and third. Sneezing (0.3%), rhinorrhea (0.7%), and sore throat (3.09%) were observed only in non-critically ill patients. In addition, 26.9% of all patients had lymphocytopenia, 25.8% had raised C-reactive protein, and 79.9% had abnormal creatinine levels. Finally, death occurred in 39 patients (12.5%).
Conclusions:
Noncritically ill patients were younger than critically ill patients. The most common risk factors for getting critically ill were surgery, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic heart disease, asthma, and chronic renal disease.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE:
Application of the intracranial arterial pulsatility index for determination of prognosis after lacunar infarct
Mohammad Saadatnia, Alireza Zandifar, Maryam Alizadeh, Jorge Du Ub Kim, Omid Shafaat, Luis Octavio Tierradentro-García, Navid Manouchehri, Fariborz Khorvash
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:136 (30 May 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_69_22
Background:
We aimed to investigate the usefulness of intracranial arterial pulsatility index to assess the prognosis of lacunar infarcts.
Materials and Methods:
Forty-nine patients with confirmed acute lacunar infarct were enrolled in the study. A transcranial color-coded sonography was performed to assess the pulsatility index of bilateral middle cerebral, posterior cerebral, vertebral, and proximal internal carotid arteries. Patients' clinical status was assessed using a modified Rankin scale. Spearman correlation was used for reporting the relation between quantitative data. Statistical significance was defined as a two-tail
p-
value of less than 0.05.
Results:
The mean age ± standard deviation was 64.1 ± 9.07 years old, and 57.1% of the patients were male. Upon discharge, only 8.2% of the patients were ranked as 0 on the modified Rankin scale; however, after a 6-month follow-up period, this number increased to 49%. There were no significant differences between the left and right pulsatility index measurements in any of the assessed arteries. Patients with vertebral artery pulsatility indexes >1 on their primary assessment had significantly worse outcomes during the first, third, and sixth months follow-up (all
r
> 0.3,
p-
values < 0.01). Pulsatility indexes from other arteries did not predict the prognosis.
Conclusion:
Sonography-assisted assessment of the vertebral artery blood flow during the early stage of lacunar infarct provides a reliable reference for prognosis estimation.
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Original Article:
The role of dyslipidemia in atherogenesis in peritoneal dialysis patients
Damir Rebić, Edin Begić, Buena Aziri, Alen Džubur, Ena Gogić, Azra Durak-Nalbantić, Aida Hamzić-Mehmedbašić, Senad Hasanspahić, Nermir Granov
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:135 (19 May 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_1_23
Background:
To evaluate atherosclerotic changes in carotid arteries (CCA) in uremic patients before and after 18 months of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) treatment, and to evaluate the impact of dyslipidemia and CAPD treatment on vascular remodeling.
Materials and Methods:
We conducted a longitudinal, prospective study during 2020 and 2021 at the
Clinic for Nephrology, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo. Patients with end-stage renal disease were included and were followed during 18 months of CAPD treatment. All patients were treated using commercially prepared biocompatible balanced dialysis solutions. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and atherosclerotic plaques on the common carotid artery (CCA) were measured by echotomography.
Results:
A total of 50 patients were included and were followed during 18 months of CAPD treatment. Lipid values in the serum of patients with CAPD were significantly lower after 18 months of CAPD treatment compared to the values before treatment, while the value of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was significantly increased after 18 months of CAPD treatment. The values of IMT and the diameter of the CCA compared to the basal values were significantly lower (
P
< 0.001).
Conclusion:
We demonstrated significantly lower lipid values and higher HDL levels following CAPD treatment. Correct selection of the targeted pharmacological intervention can substantially impact the regression of vascular changes in patients on peritoneal dialysis.
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Original Article:
Evaluating the typing power of six isoenzymatic systems for differentiation of clinical and standard isolates of
Candida
species
Gholamreza Hatam, Hamid Morovati, Marzieh Alikhani, Amir Rahimi, Keyvan Pakshir, Sara Amini, Kamiar Zomorodian
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:134 (19 May 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_243_22
Background:
Due to the increasing prevalence of candidiasis, early detection of the causative agents may pave the way for the management of this infection. The present study aimed to assess the discriminative power of the six isoenzymatic systems for differentiating the
Candida
species.
Materials and Methods:
Sixteen standard
Candida albicans
and
Candida dubliniensis
strains and 30 fluconazole-sensitive and fluconazole-resistant clinical strains of
Candida albicans
were analyzed using a Multilocus Enzyme Electrophoresis (MLEE) method, including six enzymatic systems consisting of malate dehydrogenase (MDH), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), glucose-phosphate isomerase (GPI), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), and malic enzyme (ME).
Results:
Among the six enzymatic systems, ME showed no diagnostic activity, whereas MDH provided the best species-specific pattern for species discrimination. In addition, the MDH and G6PD systems provided a discriminatory pattern for differentiating
C. dubliniensis
from
C. albicans
isolates. The same isoenzymatic activity was detected in all 36 standard and clinical isolates. Moreover, the results showed no correlation between the isoenzymatic profiles and drug resistance.
Conclusion:
Among the investigated MLEE systems, MDH was able to differentiate between
Candida albicans
and
Candida dubliniensis
. Although no association was detected between isoenzyme patterns and fluconazole resistance in this investigation, isoenzyme patterns are likely correlated with virulence factors between species and even within species. To answer these questions, additional studies should be done on more strains.
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Original Article:
Evaluation of fetal and maternal outcomes in chorion villus sampling (CVS)
Minoo Movahedi, Farinaz Farahbod, Elahe Zarean, Maryam Hajihashemi, Fedyeh Haghollahi, Mehri Farahmand
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:133 (19 May 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_229_22
Background:
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is one of the invasive diagnostic methods used to diagnose chromosomal, genetic, and metabolic diseases in the embryonic period. The use of this method is associated with maternal and fetal consequences, the most serious of which is abortion. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the incidence of these consequences and the factors affecting the incidence of abortion.
Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was performed on 98 pregnant women with CVS indications. Maternal and fetal outcomes including abortion, vaginal bleeding, subchorionic hematoma, premature rupture of membrane (PROM), chorioamnionitis, preterm delivery, limb abnormality, fetal growth retardation, and preeclampsia were recorded.
Results:
The results of the present study showed that the incidence of fetal outcomes including fetal growth failure, premature rupture of membranes, abortion, and limb abnormalities was 4.1%, 7.1%, 3.1%, and 1%, and the incidence of maternal outcomes including preterm delivery, subchorionic hematoma, preeclampsia, and hemorrhage was 14.3%, 3.1%, 6.1%, and 10.2%, respectively. In addition, a decrease in free BHCG and an increase in NT were significantly associated with the occurrence of abortion (OR: 0.11 and 4.25, respectively,
P
value < 0.05).
Conclusion:
It should be noted that due to a long time between placental sampling and the occurrence of vaginal bleeding, premature rupture of membrane, and preterm delivery, it seems that placental sampling has no effect. In addition, only a decrease in free BHCG or an increase in NT significantly increased the chance of miscarriage.
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Original Article:
A comparison of oral dydrogesterone with vaginal progesterone for luteal-phase support in
in vitro
fertilization: A randomized controlled trial
Elham Naghshineh, Hatav Ghasemi Tehrani, Fatemeh Sharifian, Somayeh Haghighat
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:132 (19 May 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_253_22
Background:
The quality of the luteal phase is the most important issue affecting pregnancy outcomes in assisted reproductive technology (ART). Luteal-phase support with the administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist or progesterone improves the likelihood of pregnancy in ART. Due to disagreements regarding the best pharmaceutical form of progesterone for success of
in vitro
fertilization (IVF) in ART methods, the present study aimed to compare the clinical efficacy of oral dydrogesterone with vaginal progesterone on the outcome of pregnancy in IVF.
Materials and Methods:
This unblinded randomized clinical trial was conducted at the Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Centre in Isfahan, Iran, between june 2021 and September 2021. In total, 126 couples were included in the study. All patients underwent controlled ovarian stimulation and IVF. Patients were randomly divided into two groups (
n
= 63 per group). After embryo transfer, group I was treated with Cyclogest 400 mg twice daily, and group II was treated with oral Duphaston 10 mg twice daily.
Results:
No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of the mean endometrial thickness (
P
= 0.613), the mean number of transferred embryos (
P
= 0.100), and the number of implanted embryos (
P
= 0.338). Additionally, no statistically significant differences in the pregnancy rate were detected between the two groups (
P
= 0.875).
Conclusions:
The evidence from this study indicates that Duphaston is as effective as Cyclogest for luteal-phase support.
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Original Article:
The evaluation of HERV-K np9, rec, gag expression in isolated human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) of gastric and colon cancer
Shaian Tavakolian, Majid Iranshahi, Ebrahim Faghihloo
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:131 (19 May 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_288_22
Background:
In the current age of diagnostic approaches in cancer, countless efforts have been allocated to identify novel and efficient biomarkers to detect cancer in its early stages. We focused on evaluating the correlation between the progression of gastrointestinal cancer, a leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and human endogenous retrovirus (HERV).
Materials and Methods:
In this study, we conducted a study on the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) gathered from gastric and colon cancer patients. We focused on HERV-K rec, np9, gag expression analysis by quantitative real-time PCR, after extraction of RNA and synthesizing cDNA.
Results:
Unlike np9 whose expression increased significantly in the colon and gastric cancers, the mRNA level of the rec gene declined in both cancers. Moreover, our data illustrated that the over-expression of the gag gene was only observed in colon cancerous cells rather than gastric malignancy.
Conclusions:
Overall, given the correlation between the expression level of HERV-associated genes and gastrointestinal cancer, our study suggests that these genes could be considered beneficial markers for cancer diagnosis. However, researchers should conduct studies in future articles on whether these genes can be employed as biomarkers in gastrointestinal cancer.
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Original Article:
Identifying the factors affecting the incidence of congenital heart disease using support vector machine and particle swarm optimization
Bahar Dehghan, Mohammad Reza Sabri, Alireza Ahmadi, Mehdi Ghaderian, Chehreh Mahdavi, Davood Ramezani Nejad, Mohammad Sattari
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:130 (19 May 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_54_22
Background:
Congenital malformations are defined as “any defect in the structure of a person that exists from birth”. Among them, congenital heart malformations have the highest prevalence in the world. This study focuses on the development of a predictive model for congenital heart disease in Isfahan using support vector machine (SVM) and particle swarm intelligence.
Materials and Methods:
It consists of four parts: data collection, preprocessing, identify target features, and technique. The proposed technique is a combination of the SVM method and particle swarm optimization (PSO).
Results:
The data set includes 1389 patients and 399 features. The best performance in terms of accuracy, with 81.57%, is related to the PSO-SVM technique and the worst performance, with 78.62%, is related to the random forest technique. Congenital extra cardiac anomalies are considered as the most important factor with averages of 0.655.
Conclusion:
Congenital extra cardiac anomalies are considered as the most important factor. Detecting more important feature affecting congenital heart disease allows physicians to treat the variable risk factors associated with congenital heart disease progression. The use of a machine learning approach provides the ability to predict the presence of congenital heart disease with high accuracy and sensitivity.
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Letter To Editor:
On the role of oxygen and glucose in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell proliferation
Sayed-Amir Marashi, Hamideh Fouladiha
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:129 (19 May 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_308_22
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Original Article:
Diagnostic value of the optic nerve sheath in the diagnosis of increased intracranial pressure in traumatic brain patients
Maryam Ziaei, Soudabeh Moodi, Seyed Mehdi Pourafzali, Ali Abdolrazaghnejad
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:128 (19 May 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_248_22
Background:
Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is a modifiable secondary injury that is associated with poor outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the ICP of TBI patients by measuring the thickness of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD).
Materials and Methods:
The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 220 patients with severe TBI that referred to Khatam-al-Anbya Hospital in Zahedan in 2021. The measurement of ONSD was performed by ultrasonography.
Results:
The results of this study revealed that 22.7% of TBI patients had high ICP. The mean of right and left ONSD in patients with normal ICP was 3.85 ± 0.83 and 3.85 ± 0.82 mm, respectively, and was significantly lower than that of patients with abnormal ICP (high ICP) with the mean of 3.85 ± 0.82 and 6.12 ± 0.84 mm, respectively (
P
value <.001). In addition, the right ONSD with the cutoff point of 5.13 mm, the sensitivity of 84%, and the specificity of 95.29% and the left ONSD with the cutoff point of 5.24 mm, the sensitivity of 90%, and the specificity of 95.88% had a significant diagnostic value in the diagnosis of high ICP (
P
value <.05).
Conclusion:
The findings of the present study indicated that the measurement of ONSD is a cost-effective and minimally invasive procedure with a higher accuracy in diagnosing high ICP in TBI patients.
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Original Article:
Immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharide from
Trametes gibbosa
(Pers.) Fr (Basidiomycota, Fungi) mediated by TLR4 signaling pathway
Hossein Bakhshi Jouybari, Reza Valadan, Fatemeh Mirzaee, Faride Bargi Karizno, Emran Habibi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:127 (19 May 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_50_22
Background:
Trametes
species possess remarkable immunomodulatory and anticancer effects which are mainly related to the activation of innate immune receptors by their polysaccharide constituents. In this study, we investigate the effect of
Trametes gibbosa
(Pers.) Fr. polysaccharide fraction (TGP) on activation of TLR-4 receptor and subsequent release of IL-8 in HEK-Blue™ hTLR4 cells.
Materials and Methods:
The polysaccharide fraction was purified using ethanol precipitation and dialysis methods. The total sugar content and monosaccharide composition were analyzed by phenol–sulfuric acid and chromatographic methods. FT-IR spectroscopy was also performed for structure characterization of the polysaccharide. The activation of TLR4 was determined by measuring the secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase in the culture media.
Results:
The results indicated that the total sugar content of TGP was about 90%, which glucose was the major constituents. FT-IR analysis showed the characteristic bands of polysaccharides. TGP was able to activate the TLR-4 signaling pathway in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the significant increase of IL-8 was observed in cells treating with TGP. The HEK-Blue Null2™ reporter cells lacking TLR4, did not respond to LPS and TGP.
Conclusion:
The results suggest that TLR4 signaling cascade serve as targets for immunomodulatory activity of
T. gibbosa
which could address the anticancer properties of
Trametes
species.
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Original Article:
In vitro
characterization of polyethyleneimine–oleic acid cationic micelle as a novel protein carrier
Faezeh Sabzehei, Amir Hossein Taromchi, Hossein Danafar, Hamid Rashidzadeh, Ali Ramazani
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:126 (17 May 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_303_22
Background:
Nanotechnology has introduced valuable carriers for vaccine delivery. The success of vaccination depends on many factors, such as the intact and safe presentation of vaccine candidates to immune cells. We have conjugated branched PEI-2k and oleic acid (OL) as the building block of the cationic micelle. We aimed to introduce a novel carrier for vaccine candidates.
Materials and Methods:
We conjugated polyethyleneimine and OL (POA) to synthesize the building blocks of cationic micelles. The critical micelle concentration (CMC), size and zeta potential of micelles, and their stability in 60 days were determined. Loading, encapsulation efficiency, and
in vitro
release study were assessed using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a protein model. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity and hemocompatibility of developed nanosized micelles were evaluated to ascertain the biocompatibility of fabricated micelles. Cell uptake of cationic micelles in the macrophage cell line was also followed up.
Results:
The conjugation of two polymer parts was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and
1
H nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. The CMC of the developed micelles was around 5.62 × 10
− 8
mg
/
ml, whereas the loading and encapsulation efficiencies were 16.5% and 70%, respectively. The size and zeta potential of the cationic micelles were 96.53 ± 18.53 nm and 68.3 mV, respectively. The release of BSA from POA micelles after 8 and 72 hours was 8.5% and 82%, respectively. Finally, fluorescence microscopy showed that the prepared micelles were successfully and effectively taken up by RAW264.7 cells.
Conclusion:
These results may provide a cutting-edge vaccine delivery solution and open up a new avenue for future vaccine research.
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Original Article:
Treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with intense pulsed light: Is it effective?
Amirhossein Siadat, Hamid Galehdari, Zabiholah Shahmoradi, Fariba Iraji, Azadeh Zolfaghari, Nazli Ansari
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:125 (15 May 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_410_21
Background:
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a common parasitic disorder that is endemic in many countries. There is no completely effective treatment for this condition, but pentavalent antimony compounds are regarded as the main treatment. Different laser types have been used for treatment of CL with variable success but to our best knowledge, there is no published paper regarding use of intense pulsed light (IPL) for treatment of CL.
Materials and Methods:
In this randomized, single-blind clinical trial study, we compared the efficacy of intralesional glucantime alone versus intralesional glucantime plus weekly IPL for treatment of 54 patients with confirmed cutaneous leishmaniasis for a maximum of eight weeks as a randomized, clinical trial.
Results:
Although it was not statistically significant, combination treatment was more effective than intralesional glucantime alone (
P
> 0.05). However, the velocity of healing was significantly higher in the IPL plus intralesional glucantime alone versus glucantime alone. No side effect was observed in both groups.
Discussion:
To better evaluate the efficacy of IPL, more studies with a higher number of patients and using various IPL filters are recommended.
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REVIEW ARTICLE:
The effect of stem cells and vascular endothelial growth factor on cancer angiogenesis
Nahid Moradi-Gharibvand, Batool Hashemibeni
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:124 (15 May 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_378_21
The formation of new vessels from pre-existing vessels is known as angiogenesis. The process is controlled by stimuli and inhibitors. Angiogenesis starts as a result of the unbalance of these factors, where balance has a tendency toward the stimulus. One of the most important factors promoting angiogenesis is the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In addition to being involved in vascular regeneration in normal tissues, VEGF also takes part in tumor tissue angiogenesis. These factors affect endothelial cells (ECs) directly as well as differentiate tumor cells from endothelial cells and play an active role in tumor tissue angiogenesis. Angiogenesis partakes in the growth and proliferation of tumor tissue. Because anti-angiogenic treatment is favorable in existing cancer therapies, the potential benefits should be considered. One of these new therapies is cell therapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Research on MSCs remains controversial because much of the earlier research on MSCs has shown their effectiveness, but more recent research has identified harmful effects of these cells. This article reviews the role of stem cells and their secretions in the angiogenesis of tumor tissues.
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Original Article:
An immunohistochemical analysis for evaluating the diagnostic role of myofibroblasts in oral squamous cell carcinoma using α-smooth muscle actin antibody
Vaishali Gandhi, Anupama Mahajan, Yash Pal Kansal
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:123 (15 May 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_160_21
Background:
One of the most common types of malignancies affecting the head and neck region is oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Little less is known about the role of myofibroblasts in the pathogenetic process of OSCC. Hence, we assessed the involvement of myofibroblasts in the invasive process of OSCC using α-SMA (α-smooth muscle actin) antibody.
Materials and Methods:
Four study groups in total were organized as follows: 40 cases each of well-differentiated OSCC (WDOSCC), moderately differentiated OSCC (MDOSCC), poorly differentiated OSCC (PDOSCC), and controls make up Group 1, Group 2, Group 3, and Group 4, respectively. The percentage of α-SMA immunopositive cells and staining intensity (A) multiplied together to determine the final staining score (B). The final staining index was produced by multiplying staining intensity (A) by the proportion of immunopositive cells that were stained with α-SMA (B) (FSI). Score Zero was graded as Index Zero by FSI while scores One and Two received an Index Low rating, scores Three and Four an Index Moderate rating, and scores Six and Nine an Index High rating.
Results:
Significantly higher expression of myofibroblast was observed in OSCC group in comparison with the control group. However; no significant difference in myofibroblast expression was observed while comparing different grades of OSCC.
Conclusion:
We recommend using myofibroblasts as a stromal marker to track the severity and development of OSCC.
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Original Article:
Steroid in the treatment of outpatient COVID-19: A multicenter randomized controlled trial
Babak Amra, Atefeh Vaezi, Forogh Soltaninejad, Mehrdad Salahi, Mehrzad Salmasi, Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:122 (15 May 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_72_22
Background:
Early treatment of COVID-19 patients could reduce hospitalization and death. The effect of corticosteroids in the outpatient setting is still unknown. This study aimed to determine the effect of corticosteroids in the prevention of hospitalization of nonsevere cases.
Materials and Methods:
This study is a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Seventy five nonsevere COVID-19 patients presented between days 7 and 14 of their symptoms received either prednisolone or placebo. The primary outcome was hospitalization. The study protocol was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials on December 2, 2020 (IRCT20171219037964N2).
Results:
Although the rate of hospitalization in the prednisolone group was higher than the placebo group (10.8% vs. 7.9%, respectively), it was not statistically significant (
P
value.,6). One patient in each group reported an adverse event and withdrew the medication.
Conclusion:
Considering the null effect of corticosteroids in the prevention of hospitalization in outpatient settings, it is suggested not to consider corticosteroids for outpatient treatment.
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Letter To Editor:
Factors affecting COVID-19 vaccination decision: Findings from an online survey from India
Pradeep M K. Nair, Hemanshu Sharma, Anupma Kumari, Ruchi Soni, Gulab Rai Tewani
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:121 (15 May 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_39_22
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Original Article:
Integrated high-throughput bioinformatics (microarray, RNA-seq, and RNA interaction) and qRT-PCR investigation of
BMPR1B
axis as a potential diagnostic biomarker of Isfahan breast cancer
Mansoureh Azadeh, Ali Salehzadeh, Kamran Ghaedi, Soheila Talesh Sasani
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:120 (15 May 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_200_22
Background:
According to the bioinformatics analyses and previous studies, bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 1B (
BMPR1B
) dysregulation could remarkably affect breast cancer (BC) status as a potential biomarker and tumor suppressor. Therefore, the analysis of the expression level of
BMPR1B
and other relevant biological factors such as microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, downstream proteins in the relevant signaling pathways, and finding the accurate biological mechanism of
BMPR1B
could be helpful for a better understanding of BC pathogenicity and discovering the new treatment methods and drugs.
Materials and Methods:
R Studio software (4.0.2) was used for microarray data analyses. GSE31448 dataset was downloaded by GEOquery package and analyzed by limma package. STRING and miRWalk online databases and Cytoscape software were used for interaction analyses. Quantitative measurement of
BMPR1B
expression level was performed by qRT-PCR experiment.
Result:
Microarray and real-time PCR analysis revealed that
BMPR1B
has a significant downregulation in the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling pathways in BC samples.
BMPR1B
is a potential diagnostic biomarker, regulated by hsa-miR-181a-5p. Also,
BMPR1B
regulates the function of BMP2, BMP6, SMAD4, SMAD5, and SMAD6 proteins.
Discussion:
BMPR1B
have a significant role in the development of BC by regulating the potential proteins' function, playing the diagnostic biomarker role, and regulation of TGF-beta and BMP signaling pathways. The high amount of
BMPR1B
protein helps in increasing the survival rate of the patients.
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Original Article:
Evaluation of the preventive effects of neostigmine plus atropine on post-dural puncture headache
Zahra Ahmadzade, Mohammad Golparvar, Shahram Sepiani
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:119 (15 May 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_81_22
Background:
Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is one of the most common side effects of spinal anesthesia. Several strategies and drugs have been suggested for the treatment and/or prevention of this headache. The aim of this study is evaluating the effects of intravenous prescription of neostigmine plus atropine 15 minutes after dural puncture on incidence and severity of PDPH during 5 days of follow-up in the setting of lower limb orthopedic surgeries.
Materials and Methods:
In a randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial, 99 patients of lower limb orthopedic surgeries were randomized into study (49 patients) and control groups (50 patients). Fifteen minutes after dural puncture, participants in the two groups intravenously took neostigmine (40 μg/kg) plus atropine (20 μg/kg) and placebo (normal saline), respectively. Side effects of the studied drugs and incidence, severity, and duration of PDPH were evaluated 5 days after surgery.
Results:
A total of 20 patients in the study group and 31 in the control group showed a headache-with-PDPH profile during 5 days of follow-up (
P
-value = 0.035). The mean duration of PDPH was 1.15 ± 0.48 and 1.32 ± 0.54 days in the study and control groups, respectively (
P
-value = 0.254).
Conclusion:
Preventive administration of 40 μg/kg neostigmine plus 20 μg/kg of atropine may be effective in reducing the incidence and severity of PDPH after spinal anesthesia in lower limb orthopedic surgeries.
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REVIEW ARTICLE:
A comprehensive study on signal transduction and therapeutic role of miR-877 in human cancers
Milad Rafat, Mahdis Kohsarian, Mohamad Bahiraei, Amin R Nikpoor
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:118 (15 May 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_412_21
MicroRNAs are a group of short non-coding RNAs (miRNAs), which are epigenetically involved in gene expression and other cellular biological processes and can be considered as potential biomarkers for cancer detection and support for treatment management. This review aims to amass the evidence in order to reach the molecular mechanism and clinical significance of miR-877 in different types of cancer. Dysregulation of miR-877 level in various types of malignancies as bladder cancer, cervical cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, colorectal cancer (CRC), gastric cancer, glioblastoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), hepatocellular carcinoma, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), oral squamous cell carcinoma, ovarian cancer (OC), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have reported, significantly increase or decrease in its level, which can be indicated to its function as oncogene or tumor suppressor. MiR-877 is involved in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through cell cycle pathways in cancer. MiR-877 could be potential a candidate as a valuable biomarker for prognosis in various cancers. Through this study, we proposed that miR-877 can potentially be a candidate as a prognostic marker for early detection of tumor development, progression, as well as metastasis.
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Original Article:
Effects of aqueous saffron extract on glucoregulation as well as hepatic agt and TNF-α gene expression in rats subjected to sub-chronic stress
Yeganeh Yazdani, Maryam Radahmadi, Roshanak Roustazade
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:117 (15 May 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_51_22
Background:
Stress and saffron seem to affect glucoregulation mechanisms and insulin resistance in different ways. Impacts of the aqueous saffron extract were investigated on serum glucose levels, serum insulin levels, the homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-B), the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), adrenal weight, and hepatic gene expression of angiotensinogen (Agt) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in rats under sub-chronic stress.
Materials and Methods:
Forty-two male rats were divided into six groups: control, restraint stress (6h/day for seven days), saffron (30 and 60 mg/kg) treatments for seven days, and post-stress saffron (30 and 60 mg/kg) treatments for seven days. The serum glucose and insulin levels, hepatic gene expressions of Agt and TNF-α, HOMA-IR, HOMA-B, and adrenal gland weight were measured.
Results:
One-week recovery following sub-chronic stress led to non-significant hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance. The hepatic Agt and TNF-α mRNA levels increased significantly in this group. Saffron administration led to enhanced hepatic Agt mRNA in the non-stressed subjects. In addition, serum glucose levels, insulin resistance, and hepatic Agt gene expression significantly increased in stress-saffron groups. The hepatic TNF-α gene expression was reduced only in the stress-saffron 60 group.
Conclusion:
Saffron treatment after sub-chronic stress not only did not improve glucose tolerance but also enhanced insulin resistance. It indicated the interaction of saffron and sub-chronic stress to promote renin-angiotensin system activity. In addition, the saffron treatment decreased TNF-α gene expression after sub-chronic stress. The synergistic stimulating effect of saffron and sub-chronic stress on gene expression of hepatic Agt led to insulin resistance and hyperglycemia.
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Original Article:
Comparative evaluation of captopril, spironolactone, and carvedilol effect on endothelial function in breast cancer women undergoing chemotherapy
Seyed Mohammad Hashemi Jazi, Faranak Tayebi, Zahra Teimouri-Jervekani, Fariborz Mokarian, Valiallah Mehrzad, Alireza Sadeghi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:116 (15 May 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_81_21
Background:
Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy in females which needs chemotherapy treatment. Studies demonstrated that anti-cancer agents used for chemotherapy in cancer patient causes endothelium dysfunction. Several researches showed the efficacy of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, Carvedilol and Spironolactone on improving endothelial function. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the combination of Spironolactone, Carvedilol, and Captopril on endothelial function in breast cancer patients.
Materials and Methods:
This study is a prospective Randomized Clinical Trial in breast cancer patients who underwent chemotherapy. Patients were divided into two groups who received the combination of Captopril, Spironolactone, and Carvedilol or standard regimen for 3 months during chemotherapy. Before and after intervention, ejection fraction (EF), E/A ratio and e' and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) properties were calculated and then compared.
Results:
Fifty-eight patients with a mean age of 47.57 ± 9.46 years were evaluated. The mean FMD after the intervention is statistically different in case and controls (<0.001). E/A ratio and e' are not statistically different between groups after intervention. The mean EF was not statistically different between the two groups after intervention.
Conclusion:
Prescribing combination of Carvedilol, Spironolactone, and Captopril in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy can improve endothelial function and may have beneficial effects on diastolic function.
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Original Article:
Feasibility study and design of registration system for upper gastrointestinal bleeding patients in Isfahan province
Maryam Soheilipour, Mehdi Kazemi, Behjat Taheri, Peyman Adibi, Ibrahim Abdollahpour
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:115 (28 April 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_230_21
Background:
Disease registration is an organized system for collecting, storing, retrieving, analyzing a particular disease or exposure to known substances in a specific population. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and design of the registration system for upper gastrointestinal bleeding patients based on patients referring to Al-Zahra and Khorshid hospitals, Isfahan, Iran.
Materials and Methods:
This study is a research action study in which the members of the registration system team are hospital triage physicians, internal residents in the Emergency department of hospital, subspecialty assistants and gastroenterologists, statisticians (epidemiologists and methodologists), and two trained persons were specified to collect medical information and documents. The data collection tool is a researcher-made checklist. Based on the available tools, the most important criteria related to gastrointestinal bleeding were selected. In the next step, the criteria selected in the council, including team members, were reviewed and a preliminary draft was prepared to record the information of patients.
Results:
The results indicated the final version of the checklist in three parts including demographic variables (age, sex, education,
et al
.)
,
main variables (as the minimum data required by a person to register in the checklist (patient's clinical signs)), extended main variables (its information is designed to be used to diagnose, treat, and follow-up the patient in later stages).
Conclusion:
It seems to be predictable by establishing a system for recording gastrointestinal bleeding diseases, disease prevalence, monitoring services and treatment of patients, survival analysis and evaluation of clinical care outcomes, finding patients at higher risk for emergency treatment, reviewing drug interventions, and interventional activities.
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Original Article:
A novel missense mutation in the TGF-β-binding protein-like domain 3 of
FBN1
causes Weill–Marchesani syndrome with intellectual disability
Mahdieh Hassani, Sara Taghizadeh, Anahita Farahzad Broujeni, Mahvash Habibi, Setareh Banitalebi, Mahbubeh Kasiri, Alireza Sadeghi, Ahoura Nozari
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:114 (28 April 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_138_22
Background:
Weill–Marchesani syndrome (WMS) is a rare connective tissue disorder characterized by locus heterogeneity and variable expressivity. Patients suffering from WMS are described by short stature, brachydactyly, joint stiffness, congenital heart defects, and eye abnormalities. This disorder is inherited in two different modes; the autosomal dominant form of the disease occurs due to a mutation in
FBN1
, and the recessive form results from mutations in
ADAMTS10
,
ADAMTS17
, or
LTP2
genes.
Materials and Methods:
The family recruited in this study was a consanguineous Iranian family with an intellectually disabled girl referred to the Sadra Genetics laboratory, Shahrekord, Iran. The clinical history of family members was investigated. Whole-Exome Sequencing (WES) for the proband was performed. Sanger sequencing was used to assess the segregation of candidate variants in the other family members.
Results:
Whole-exome sequencing analysis revealed a novel heterozygote mutation in the proband located at the third TGF-β-binding protein-like (TB) domain of the
FBN1 g
ene (NM000138: c.2066A>G: (p. Glu689Gly), NP_000129.3, in exon 17 of the gene). Co-segregation analysis with Sanger sequencing confirmed this mutation in the affected members of the pedigree.
Conclusion:
Our findings represent an autosomal dominant form of specific WMS resulting from a substitution mutation in the
FBN1 g
ene. In addition to the typical manifestations of the disorder, mild intellectual disability (ID) was identified in the 8-year-old proband. Given the fact that ID is primarily reported in
ADAMTS10
mutated cases, this family was clinically and genetically a novel case.
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Original Article:
The anti-adhesion effect of nisin as a robust lantibiotic on the colorectal cancer cells
Hesam Soleimanifar, Hamideh Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini, Sadra Samavarchi Tehrani, Seyed Ali Mirhosseini
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:113 (28 April 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_267_21
Background:
Bacteriocins are a type of antimicrobial peptide that are produced by probiotics. They have been studied as possible therapeutic drugs and have been used to suppress bacterial development in foods. Nisin is a potent bacteriocin having the anti-microbial and anti-cancer characteristics produced by
Lactococcus lactis
. The aim of the present paper is to evaluate the influence of Nisin on cell adhesion and its two related genes,
mmp-2
and
mmp-9,
in the colorectal cancer cell line.
Materials and Methods:
For this purpose, HT-29 cells were treated with various concentrations of Nisin and the cell cytotoxicity, cell adhesion, and gene expression were evaluated using the MTT assay, cell adhesion assay, and real-time PCR.
Results:
Our findings showed that 32 to 1024 μg/ml of Nisin resulted in a significant reduction in cell viability (
P
< 0.05). Furthermore, 128 and 256 μg/ml of Nisin significantly reduced the cell adhesion, and
mmp
-2 and
mmp
-9 gene expressions (
P
< 0.05).
Conclusion
: Our findings suggested that Nisin could prevent metastasis and cancer progression.
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Original Article:
Self-training video module versus instructor taught pediatric basic life support according to Peyton model: Report of an experience
Moloud Ghanbaryan, Minoo Saeidi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:112 (28 April 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_232_21
Background:
Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation is an important predictor of out-of-hospital arrest prognosis in the pediatric population. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of two educational methods, a video module and Peyton model with manikin, in parent's education.
Materials and Methods:
We enrolled 140 subjects, 70 in each group. We assess their knowledge, attitude, and practice about pediatric basic life support (BLS) before and after two different types of educational interventions.
Results:
Mean attitude, knowledge, and practice score were significantly higher after educational intervention in both groups. Knowledge and total practice score were significantly higher in the Peyton group compared with DVD group (
P
= 0.02 and 0.000, respectively). The rate of totally correct chest compression was 53% in Peyton/manikin group versus 24% in DVD/lecture group and the difference was meaningful statistically (
P
= 0.0003).
Conclusion:
Any educational intervention has a significant effect on the Iranian parent's knowledge and practice about child BLS, but education through manikin can increase this impact.
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Letter To Editor:
Smokeless tobacco and current preoperative fasting guidelines, time to find the missing link
Tanmay Tiwari, Kriti Nagar
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:111 (28 April 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_240_22
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE:
A comparison of the anti-anxiety effects of oral ketamine and fluvoxamine in children with separation anxiety disorder manifesting as school refusal
Afsaneh Karbasi Amel, Farzaneh Hosseini
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:110 (27 April 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_388_22
Background:
Children suffer from a high prevalence of anxiety problems that require prompt treatment. It has been demonstrated that ketamine offers rapid anti-anxiety effects. This study aimed to evaluate ketamine's anti-anxiety impact in the treatment of children with school-refusal separation anxiety disorder.
Materials and Methods:
In this open-labeled randomized clinical trial, 71 children (6-10 years) diagnosed with school refusal separation anxiety disorder were randomly assigned to two groups; a case group, who received ketamine at a weekly rising dose of 0.1 to 1 mg/kg; the control group treated with Fluvoxamine (25 mg/day), which could increase to 200 mg/day if necessary. The SCARED and CATS questionnaires were used to assess anxiety before treatment, at the 8
th
and 16
th
weeks of intervention. The data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of covariance.
Results:
The mean anxiety scores in the eighth week (19.7 ± 16.1) were significantly lower in the ketamine group than before (31.5 ± 10.8). Until the sixteenth week (19.4 ± 14.6), there was no further decrease in scores in the ketamine group, in the fluvoxamine group, pre-treatment scores (36.3 ± 16.5) and eighth week (36.9 ± 16.6) were not significantly different, but scores decreased significantly in a sixteenth week (26.2 ± 12.5).
Conclusion:
In first eight weeks of treatment, ketamine was more successful than fluvoxamine at reducing anxiety disorder, considering the emergence of this disorder and the lack of major adverse effects of ketamine, it seems to be beneficial in early phases of treatment. Due to the quick onset of ketamine in future trials, their combination therapy is recommended during the initial weeks of treatment.
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Review Article:
The application of Internet of Things for the elderly health safety: A systematic review
Sara Dorri, Hedieh Zabolinezhad, Mohammad Sattari
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:109 (27 April 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_197_22
The elderly population is projected to increase from 8.5% in 2015 to 12% in 2030 and 16% in 2050. This growing demographic is chronically vulnerable to various age-related diseases and injuries like falling, leading to long-term pain, disability, or death. Thus, there is a need to use the potential of novel technologies to support the elderly regarding patient safety matters in particular. Internet of Things (IoT) has recently been introduced to improve the lifestyle of the elderly. This study aimed to evaluate the studies that have researched the use of the IoT for elderly patients' safety through performance metrics, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. We conducted a systematic review on the research question. To do this, we searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases by combining the related keywords. A data extraction form was used for data gathering through which English, full-text articles on the use of the IoT for the safety of elderly patients were included. The support vector machine technique has the most frequency of use compared to other techniques. Motion sensors were the most widely used type. The United States with four studies had the highest frequencies. The performance of IoT to ensure the elderly's safety was relatively good. It, however, needs to reach a stage of maturity for universal use.
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Letter To Editor:
The necessity of using strand-specific cDNA for achieving accurate transcriptome analysis result
Reyhaneh Dehghanzad, Anis Khalafiyan, Hossein Khanahmad
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:108 (27 April 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_102_22
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Letter To Editor:
The relationship between white tongue and gastroesophageal reflux disease
Raika Jamali, Neda Goodarzi, Arsia Jamali, Neda Moslemi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:107 (27 April 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_78_22
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE:
Epidemiology of bloodstream infections and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in ICU and non-ICU wards: A four-year retrospective study in Isfahan, Iran
Nazila Kassaian, Shadnosh Nematbakhsh, Mohammadreza Yazdani, Soodabeh Rostami, Zary Nokhodian, Behrooz Ataei
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:106 (27 April 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_320_22
Background:
Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are one of the causes of morbidity and mortality in hospitalised patients. This study evaluated BSI's incidence, trend, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and mortality in AL Zahra Hospital in Isfahan, Iran.
Materials and Methods:
This retrospective study was conducted in AL Zahra Hospital from March 2017 to March 2021. The Iranian nosocomial infection surveillance system was used for data gathering. The data included demographic and hospital data, type of bacteria, and antibiotic susceptibility findings and were analysed in SPSS-18 software.
Results:
The incidence of BSIs was 1.67% and 0.47%, and the mortality was 30% and 15.2% in the intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU wards, respectively. In the ICU, the mortality was correlated with the use of the catheter, type of organism and year of study, but in non-ICU, correlated with age, gender, use of the catheter, ward, year of study and duration between the incidence of BSIs and discharging/death.
Staphylococcus epidermidis
,
Acinetobacter
spp. and
Klebsiella
spp. were the most frequent germs isolated in all wards. Vancomycin (63.6%) and Gentamycin (37.7%) for ICU and Vancomycin (55.6%) and Meropenem (53.3) for other wards were the most sensitive antibiotics.
Conclusion:
Despite the few rate of BSI in the last four years in AL Zahra Hospital, our data showed that its incidence and mortality in the ICU ward are significantly more than in other hospital wards. We recommend prospective multicentre studies to know the total incidence of BSI, local risk factors and patterns of pathogens causing BSI.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE:
Ameliorative effect of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of
Scrophularia striata
Boiss. on murine model of experimental colitis
Mohsen Minaiyan, Parastoo Pasandideh-Fetrat, Masoud Sadeghi-Dinani, Ardeshir Talebi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:105 (27 April 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_151_22
Background:
Scrophularia striata
Boiss.
(S. striata)
is a flowering plant with several therapeutic properties including antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and wound-healing activity. Regarding the side effects of drugs conventionally used for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatment, we investigated the anticolitis properties of aqueous (SSAE) and hydroalcoholic (SSHE) extracts of
S. striata
on experimental colitis.
Materials and Methods:
The colitis was induced using acetic acid (3%) and 2 h before ulcer induction, each group of rats received orally three doses (150, 300, and 600 mg/kg, p.o.) of SSAE or SSHE for the next 5 days. Dexamethasone (1 mg/kg, i.p.) and mesalazine (100 mg/kg, p.o.) were used as reference drugs. Different parameters including weight of colon/height, ulcer index, total colitis index, levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were investigated.
Results:
Total phenolic contents were 4.3 ± 0.2 and 7.1 ± 0.4 mg/g equivalent to gallic acid for SSAE and SSHE respectively. Three applied doses of SSHE and the highest dose of SSAE (600 mg/kg) could reduce all the macroscopic and pathologic indices of colitis and the levels of MPO and MDA. Two lesser doses of SSAE (150, 300 mg/kg) however, couldn't diminish the histopathologic features of colitis and the values of MPO and MDA.
Conclusions
:
S. striata,
especially SSHE, which also contained more phenolic compounds, had an ameliorating effect on ulcerative colitis and possibly exerts this effect through its antioxidant, antiinflammatory and wound healing properties. Further investigations are required to introduce this plant as a novel alternative herbal drug for colitis treatment.
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Letter To Editor:
An interfering substance in gel tubes affects vitamin D measurement by HPLC
Mohammad Reza Haeri, Narges Emamnejad
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:104 (27 April 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_252_22
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE:
Effects of folic acid supplementation on liver enzymes, lipid profile, and insulin resistance in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled trial
Mohamad Reza Molaqanbari, Shadi Zarringol, Hamid Reza Talari, Mohsen Taghizadeh, Fereshteh Bahmani, Abbas Mohtashamian, Armin Ebrahimzadeh, Nasrin Sharifi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:103 (27 April 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_90_22
Background:
Previous evidence revealed an association between folate deficiency and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study is the first one investigating the effects of folic acid on hepatic steatosis grade, liver enzymes, insulin resistance, and lipid profile in NAFLD cases.
Materials and Methods:
Sixty-six participants with NAFLD were allocated randomly to take either a placebo or one oral tablet of folic acid (1 mg) on a daily basis within eight weeks. Serum folate, homocysteine, glucose, aminotransferases, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and lipids were assessed. Ultrasonography was used for assessing the liver steatosis grade.
Results:
The serum alanine transaminase, grade of hepatic steatosis, and aspartate transaminase significantly were decreased within both study groups; however, the between-group comparison was not statistically significant. Of note, the decrease in ALT was more pronounced in folic acid compared with the placebo group (-5.45 ± 7.45 vs. -2.19 ± 8.6 IU/L). The serum homocysteine was decreased after receiving folic acid compared to the placebo (-0.58 ± 3.41 vs. +0.4 ± 3.56 μmol/L; adjusted
P
= 0.054). Other outcomes did not significantly change.
Conclusion:
Supplementation with folic acid (1 mg/d) for eight weeks among cases with NAFLD did not change significantly the serum levels of liver enzymes, the hepatic steatosis grade, insulin resistance and lipid profile. However, it was able to prevent the increase in homocysteine in comparison with the placebo. Conducting further research is suggested with the longer duration and different doses of folic acid, adjusted to the genotypes of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism, among NAFLD patients.
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Original Article:
Differentially expressed inflammatory cell death-related genes and the serum levels of IL-6 are determinants for severity of coronaviruses diseases-2019 (COVID-19)
Mohammad Heidarvand, Reza Hosseini, Mohammad Kazemi, Alireza Andalib, Ramin Sami, Nahid Eskandari, Behrooz Ghezelbash
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:102 (27 April 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_232_22
Background:
Inflammatory cell death, PANoptosis, has been suggested to orchestrate the lymphocyte decrement among coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients. The main aim of this study was to examine the differences in the expression of key genes related to inflammatory cell death and their correlation with lymphopenia in the mild and severe types of COVID-19 patients.
Materials and Methods:
Eighty-eight patients (36 to 60 years old) with mild (
n
= 44) and severe (
n
= 44) types of COVID-19 were enrolled. The expression of key genes related to apoptosis (FAS-associated death domain protein, FADD), pyroptosis (ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing caspase activation and recruitment domains (CARD)), the adapter protein ASC binds directly to caspase-1 and is critical for caspase-1 activation in response to a broad range of stimuli), and necroptosis (mixed lineage kinase domain-like, MLKL) genes were examined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay, and compared between the groups. The serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay.
Results:
A major increase in the expression of FADD, ASC, and MLKL-related genes in the severe type of patients was compared to the mild type of patients. The serum levels of IL-6 similarly indicated a significant increase in the severe type of the patients. A significant negative correlation was detected between the three genes' expression and the levels of IL-6 with the lymphocyte counts in both types of COVID-19 patients.
Conclusion:
Overall, the main regulated cell-death pathways are likely to be involved in lymphopenia in COVID-19 patients, and the expression levels of these genes could potentially predict the patients' outcome.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE:
Evaluation of
Rap1GAP
and
EPAC1
gene expression in endometriosis disease
Mehran Dehghanian, Ghafour Yarahmadi, Reyhaneh Sadat Sandoghsaz, Ali Khodadadian, Farimah Shamsi, Mohammad Yahya Vahidi Mehrjardi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:101 (27 April 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_86_22
Background:
Endometriosis is a female reproductive system disease in which the endometrial tissue is found in other women's organs. Various factors are effective in the development of endometriosis, and because of the interaction of genetics and environmental factors, this disease is a multi-factorial disease. MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways are activated by growth factors and steroid hormones and are known as two important pathways involved in the processes of growth, proliferation, and survival of endometriosis cells. Raps, monomeric GTPase of the Ras family, are able to activate these pathways independent of Ras. The goal of our study was to evaluate the expression level of
Rap1GAP
and
EPAC1
genes as two important RapGAPs (GTPase-activating proteins) and RapGEFs (guanine nucleotide exchange factors), respectively, in endometriosis tissues and normal endometrium tissues.
Materials and Methods:
In this study, 15 samples of women without signs of endometriosis were taken as control samples. Fifteen ectopic and 15 eutopic samples were taken from women with endometriosis using laparoscopic surgery. The expression of
EPAC1
and
Rap1GAP
genes was investigated by the real-time polymerase chain reaction technique, and the results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test.
Results:
EPAC1
upregulated significantly in ectopic tissues compared to eutopic and control tissues.
Rap1GAP
expression was lower in ectopic tissues compared to control and eutopic tissues.
Conclusions:
Based on these results, it may be concluded that changes in the expression of the
Rap1GAP
and Epca1 genes may play a role in the pathways involved in the pathogenesis, displacement, and migration of endometriosis cells.
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Brief Report:
Evaluation of saffron (crocus sativus L) effects on anxiety in hospitalized patients with acute coronary syndrome
Fariba Askari, Jamal Seidi, Mohammad Khaled Naqshbandi, Hajar Kashefi, Sholeh Shami
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:100 (27 April 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_6_21
Background:
Anxiety is a common psychiatric condition in cardio-vascular diseases. Saffron appears to have a wide range of therapeutic effects on psychiatric conditions and cardio-vascular disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of saffron on anxiety in hospitalized patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
Materials and Methods:
In this clinical investigation, we selected 80 patients with ACS from Tohid Medical Center, Sanandaj. Patients were divided randomly into two groups, intervention group (n = 41), and control group (n = 39), based on how they received saffron and placebo every 12 hours for 4 days, respectively. The Spielberger Anxiety Inventory was completed before and after the intervention in both groups.
Results:
There was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups regarding the mean scores of the trait and state anxiety before and after the intervention (P > 0.05).
Conclusion:
The present study did not corroborate the therapeutic effects of saffron on reducing anxiety in patients with ACS.
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Original Article:
Comparison of the effects of special care enhanced recovery and conventional recovery methods after mini omega gastric bypass
Mohsen Mahmoudieh, Behrooz Kalidari, Masoud Sayadi Shahraki, Hamid Mellali, Hamid Mirzaie, Majid Salamati
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:99 (25 April 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_26_22
Background:
Bariatric surgery is a surgical procedure for patients with extreme obesity. Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) is a method that provides special peri- and post-operation care. Here, we aimed to compare the effects of ERAS and standard recovery cares.
Materials and Methods:
This is a randomized clinical trial that was performed in 2020-2021 in Isfahan on 108 candidates for mini gastric bypass. Patients were then randomly divided into two equal groups receiving ERAS and standard recovery protocols. Patients were examined and visited after one month regarding the average number of hospitalization days, the average days required to return to normal activity or work, occurrence of pulmonary thromboemboli (PTE) and the rate of readmission.
Results:
Patients that received ERAS had significantly lower frequencies of nausea and vomiting (
P
= 0.032). Patients that received ERAS had significantly lower hospitalization duration (
P
< 0.001) compared to controls. No other significant differences were observed between two groups regarding surgery complication, re-admission rate and occurrence of PTE (
P
> 0.99 for all).
Conclusion:
Patients that received ERAS protocol after gastric bypass had significantly lower hospitalization duration and lower incidence of nausea and vomiting. They also had similar post-operative outcomes compared to the standard protocol.
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Original Article:
Atorvastatin and flaxseed effects on biochemical indices and hepatic fat of NAFLD model in rats
Zahra Eslami, Abdorreza E Moghanlou, Yahya M.N P. Kandi, Mehdi S Arabi, Alireza Norouzi, Hamidreza Joshaghani
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:98 (25 April 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_21_22
Background:
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common forms of chronic liver disease that affects about 25% of the general population. No definitive treatment for NAFLD has been identified yet. The aim was to determine the effect of atorvastatin (ATO) and flaxseed on related indicators of NAFLD-induced fat/fructose-enriched diet (FFD).
Materials and Methods
: Forty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. NAFLD groups received FFD and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) to induce NAFLD. After intervention with ATO (10 mg/kg/day) and/or flaxseed (7.5 g/kg/day), liver enzymes and lipid profiles in serum were determined at eight week of interventions.
Results:
Triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol (CHO) in FFD + ATO, FFD + flaxseed, and FFD + ATO + flaxseed had a significant decrease and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level and LDL/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio showed a significant increase in the FFD + flaxseed compared to the FFD. The levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were significantly reduced in the FFD + ATO, FFD + flaxseed, and the FFD + ATO + flaxseed. In addition, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were significantly different between normal and FFD. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels were significantly different in the FFD + flaxseed and the FFD + ATO + flaxseed compared to the FFD.
Conclusion:
ATO therapy along with flaxseed controls NAFLD-related indices and FBS. Therefore, it can be stated with caution that ATO and flaxseed can be used to improve lipid profile and reduce the complications of NAFLD.
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Original Article:
Evaluation of four techniques to administer laryngeal mask airway
Seyed Jalal Hashemi, Hamidreza Shetabi, Alireza Babaei Zade
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:97 (25 April 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_18_22
Background:
Laryngeal mask airway (LMA) plays a crucial role in the field of modern anesthesia. There are different techniques to administer LMA. Here we aimed to compare the four methods of standard, 90° rotation, 180° rotation, and thumb placement in LMA mast placement.
Materials and Methods:
This is a clinical trial that was performed on 257 candidates of elective surgical operations requiring general anesthesia. All patients were categorized into four groups of LMA placement with index finger (standard method), mask placement with 90° rotation, 180° rotation method, and thumb finger group. We collected data regarding the success rates of LMA placement, the need for any manipulation when placing the mask, LMA placement time, failure of mask placement, presence of blood on the LMA, and laryngospasm and sore throats 1 hour after surgery in patients.
Results:
The 90° rotation method had a significantly higher first attempt success rate than that in the other three methods (98.4%,
P
= 0.02). Total success rate in 90° rotation method was also significantly higher than the other techniques (100%,
P
< 0.001). The need for any manipulation when placing the mask (1.6%,
P
= 0.01), presence of blood on the LMA mask (1.6%,
P
= 0.33), and frequency of sore throats 1 hour after surgery (21.9%,
P
= 0.14) were also lower in 90° rotation method than that in the other methods.
Conclusion:
The 90° rotation method had significantly higher success rate and lower failure rate regarding the mask placement compared to other three methods.
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Original Article:
Extraction and characterization of chitin and chitosan from
Tenebrio Molitor
beetles and investigation of its antibacterial effect against
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Amirhossen Nafary, Seyed Amin Mousavi Nezhad, Shirin Jalili
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:96 (25 April 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_205_22
Background
: Chitin and chitosan are utilized in many industries such as pharmacy, biotechnology, and medicine. The mealworm beetle, Tenebrio Molitor, is simply breaded and does not require a vast production space.
Materials and Methods
: In this study, we extracted chitin and chitosan using two different methods from
Tenebrio Molitor
adult beetles. Then we studied their physical and chemical properties along with their antibacterial effect.
Results
: Using two new methods we extracted 13, 3%, and 17.7% chitin from the dry mealworm beetle which was higher than in previous studies. The chitosan yield of the extracted chitin was 78.26% and 76.43%, respectively. The observed FTIR peaks for chitin and chitosan in this study were in accordance with the characteristic peaks. The degree of acetylation of chitin was 95.09% and 92.55% and the degree of deacetylation was 75.84%, and 72.6% from the first and second methods, respectively. The extracted chitosan also showed an antibacterial effect against
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
.
Conclusions
: Our study demonstrated that chitin and chitosan extracted from adult mealworm beetles could be considered as a replacement for commercial chitosan and needs further studies.
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Case Report:
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma of cauda equina: A diagnostic conundrum: Case report
Pranati Misra, Ranjita Panigrahi, Prita Pradhan, Debashis Pothal, Urmila Senapati, Narendra K Das
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:95 (25 April 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_36_21
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is uncommon with scarce cases having involvement of the spinal cord. Cauda equina is unique in its location and shows very rare involvement by diseases pathologies. When the same occur, they pose a lot of diagnostic difficulties as the location is difficult to access with overlapping radiologic abnormalities. It is an unusual location for lymphomas to occur with only few cases reported in literature. The cauda equina lymphomas may mimic other entities which occur at that site. Histopathology is the gold standard for the same. Here, we report an unusual case of cauda equina lymphoma mimicking a myxopapillary ependymoma in a 50-year-old male.
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Original Article:
Effects of sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations of gentamicin on alginate produced by clinical isolates of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Navid Saidi, Fateme Davarzani, Zahra Yousefpour, Parviz Owlia
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:94 (25 April 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_389_21
Background:
Bacterial virulence factors may be influenced by sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of antibiotics. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of gentamicin at sub-MICs (0.5 MIC and 0.25 MIC) on alginate production of clinical isolates of
P
seudomonas
aeruginosa
.
Materials and
Methods:
The minimum inhibitory concentrations of gentamicin against 88 clinical isolates of
P. aeruginosa
were determined using the broth microdilution method. Alginate production of the isolates in the absence and presence of gentamicin at sub-MICs was assessed by the carbazole method. The presence of alginate in clinical isolates was confirmed by the detection of alginate genes (
algD
and
algU
) using the PCR method.
Results:
All the isolates had the ability of alginate production and were positive for
algD
and
algU
genes. sub-MICs of gentamicin significantly increased alginate production of 34 isolates (38.6%). On the other hand, in 49 isolates (55.7%), alginate production was significantly increased after treatment with sub-MICs of gentamicin. In five isolates (5.7%), the alginate production was reduced in exposure to 0.5 MIC of gentamicin while it was increased by gentamicin at 0.25 MIC.
Conclusion:
This study showed different effects of gentamicin at sub-MICs on the alginate production of clinical isolates of
P
.
aeruginosa
. Further research is highly recommended to understand the mechanism of different responses of
P
.
aeruginosa
isolates to the exposure of sub-MICs of gentamicin.
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Original Article:
Liposuction versus periareolar excision approach for gynecomastia treatment
Hossein Abdali, Mehdi Rasti, Mehrdad Adib Parsa, Sina Seyedipour, Negah Tavakoli-Fard
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:93 (25 April 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_374_21
Background:
Gynecomastia (GM) is the increased fibroglandular tissue in the male breast by more than 2 cm, which is palpated under the nipple and areola. An ideal surgical approach aims to reduce the breast size, reach an acceptable breast shape, resect excessive glandular tissue, fatty tissue, and skin fatty tissue and excess skin, relocate the nipple-areolar complex, and avoid scars. Based on its importance, we aimed to compare outcomes of liposuction with and without periareolar incision in patients with GM.
Materials and Methods:
This was a randomized clinical trial on patients referred for plastic surgery. Patients with GM were allocated into two treatment groups. Group A underwent liposuction without any areolar skin incision and group B had liposuction with the areolar skin incision. Patients were followed-up after surgery. Data were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.
Results:
Sixty patients aged between 20 and 27 years old participated in this study. Three hematomas, two surgical site infections, one nipple hypopigmentation after surgery, and one seroma formation were noted in group B. On the other hand, one hematoma and one seroma formation were noted in group A. The patients in group A were highly satisfied after the liposuction without skin incision procedure compared with group B (
P
= 0.01).
Conclusions:
The management of GM by liposuction, either with the periareolar excision technique or without skin incision, allows the effective removal of fat and glandular tissue of the male breast. Although there was no significant difference regarding postoperation complications between groups, patients' satisfaction should be considered.
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Original Article:
Mortality rate and risk factors in pediatric intensive care unit of Imam Hossein Children's Hospital in Isfahan: A prospective cross-sectional study
Fatemeh S Hajidavalu, Atefeh Sadeghizadeh
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:92 (25 April 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_371_21
Background:
Various studies have conducted to report the mortality rates and its risk factors in pediatric intensive care unit. This study aimed to determine the mortality prevalence and risk factors in PICU of Imam Hossein Children's Hospital in Isfahan, which is the main referral pediatric hospital in the center of Iran.
Materials and Methods:
This study was performed on 311 patients during a period of 9 months. The questionnaire which included age, gender, length of stay in the PICU and hospital, mortality, history of resuscitation in other wards and readmission, the causes and sources of hospitalization, pediatric risk of mortality (PRISM)-III score, respiratory supports, morbidities like nosocomial infections, acute kidney injury (AKI), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) confirmed by pediatric sequential organ failure assessment score (P-SOFA) and glycemic disorders was filled out.
Results:
One hundred and seventy-seven (56.9%) were males and 103 (33%) were belonged to the age group of 12–59 months. The most prevalent causes of hospitalization were status epilepticus (12.9%) and pneumonia (11.2%). Mortality rate was 12.2%. The significant factors associated with mortality were readmission and history of resuscitation. PRISM-III index showed a significant difference between nonsurvivors and survivors (7.05 ± 6.36 vs. 3.36 ± 4.34,
P
= 0.001). Complications like AKI, hypoglycemia, MODS and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), length of mechanical ventilation significantly correlated with mortality.
Conclusions:
Mortality rate was less than that of other developing countries (12.2%) and this was associated with some risk factors included readmission, history of resuscitation, PRISM-III Index; complications like AKI, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), DIC, mechanical ventilation duration, MODS, hypoglycemia, and P-SOFA index.
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Original Article:
Evaluation of the relationship between pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) and pregnancy outcomes
Minoo Movahedi, Somayeh Khanjani, Zahra Shahshahan, Maryam Hajihashemi, Farinaz Farahbod, Elaheh Shahsavandi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:91 (25 April 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_344_21
Background:
In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the association between pregnancy-related plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) levels measured in the first trimester and pregnancy outcomes.
Materials and Methods:
This is a descriptive-analytical study that was performed in 2019--2021 on 1061 pregnant women in their first trimester. Demographic and basic information of all women were collected. These data included age, weight, parity, and date of delivery. Then the quantity of PAPP-A was recorded in three groups including less than 0.5 MOM, 0.5 to 2.5 MOM, and more than 2.5 MOM.
Results:
Data of 1061 women were analyzed. 900 women (84.8%) had term delivery and 155 women (14.6%) had pre-term deliveries. PAPP-A levels were normal in 83.4% of women. BMI and number of pregnancies had significant relationships with PAPP-A (
p
< 0.001,
P
= 0.03 respectively). The mean BMI in mothers with PAPP-A higher than 2.5 was significantly more than mothers with normal or lower PAPP-A levels (26.2 ± 31,
P
= 0.04). The frequency of term labor in mothers with normal PAPP-A was higher than other mothers (86.3%,
P
= 0.04). The frequency of preeclampsia in recent pregnancies in mothers with normal PAPP-A was significantly lower than other mothers (
p
< 0.001) and the frequency of abortions in recent pregnancies in mothers with PAPP-A less than 0.5 was significantly higher than mothers with normal or elevated PAPP-A (
p
< 0.001).
Conclusion:
Mothers with low PAPP-A levels are more likely to have poor pregnancy outcomes such as abortion, pre-term labor, and preeclampsia.
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Original Article:
A comparative study on the usefulness of fractional CO
2
and fractional Er:YAG in acne scars: A split-face trial
Fatemeh Mokhtari, Zahra Safavi, Gita Faghihi, Ali Asilian, Zabihollah Shahmoradi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:90 (25 April 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_330_21
Background:
Acne is a dermatologic condition with a high burden in terms of psychosocial consequences as a result of scars remaining on the skin. Its effects are severe in adolescence and finding treatments with short therapy courses, superior results, and fewer adverse effects are of high importance.
Materials and Methods:
We included 30 individuals with acne vulgaris scars in Al-Zahra academic training hospital from June 2018 to Jan 2019. Each individual received both fractional CO
2
and fractional Er:YAG lasers on right and left sides of the face, respectively. Three sessions of laser treatment were applied to each side with one-month intervals. Results were evaluated by patients according to subjective satisfaction and physicians' assessment and photo evaluation by two blinded dermatologists. Improvement was graded by a quartile grading scale: less than 25%: mild, 25% to 50%: moderate, 51% to 75%: good, and 76% to 100%: excellent response. Assessments were obtained at baseline and one month after the last visit.
Results:
Based on subjective satisfaction (p < 0.05) and physicians' assessment (p < 0.01), fractional CO
2
laser was significantly more effective than Erbium:YAG laser. Also, Post-treatment side effects were mild and transient in both groups.
Conclusion:
Laser therapies are common in the treatment of scars and each modality has special advantages and disadvantages. Choosing among them should be based on various criteria. Fractional CO
2
lasers have been revealed favorable results in most reports. Large comprehensive trials could help experts in choosing among alternatives for different subgroups.
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Original Article:
The efficacy of multi-leaf collimator in the reduction of cardiac and coronary artery dose in left-sided breast cancer radiotherapy
Leili Mahani, Arezoo Kazemzadeh, Mohsen Saeb, Mahsa Kianinia, Ali Akhavan
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:89 (25 April 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_342_21
Background:
Multi-leaf collimator (MLC) is one of the efficient and cost-effective methods for protecting sensitive tissues around the target. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of MLC on the protection of sensitive organs in patients with left breast cancer.
Materials and Methods:
This study was performed on computed tomography (CT) scans of 45 patients with left breast cancer. Two treatment plans were completed for each patient. Only the heart and left lung were considered organs at risk in the first treatment plan, and in the second treatment plan, the left anterior descending artery (LAD) was also considered the organ at risk. It was covered as much as possible by the MLC. Dosimetric results of tumor and organ at risk (OARs) were extracted from the dose-volume histogram and compared.
Results:
The results showed that more LAD coverage by MLC leads to a significant reduction in the mean dose of OARs (
P
-value <0.05). The mean dose for heart, LAD, and left lung decreased by 11%, 7.4%, and 4.9%, respectively. The values of V
5
(volume received the dose of 5 Gy) and V
20
for the lung, V
10
, V
25
, and V30 for LAD, and V
5
, V
20
, V
25
, and V
30
for the heart also decreased significantly (
P
-value <0.05).
Conclusions:
In general, better protection of LAD, heart, and lungs can be achieved by maximal shielding organs at risk by MLC in radiation therapy for patients with left breast cancer.
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Original Article:
Clinical study between percutaneous ultrasound-guided release and open classic surgery in treating multiple trigger fingers
Masoud Yavari, Seyed Masoud Modaresi, Seyed Esmail Hassanpour, Seyed Mehdi Moosavizadeh, Ali Tabrizi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:88 (25 April 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_392_21
Background:
A trigger finger is recognized as the most common hand tendinopathies that reduce functional ability. The present study compares the clinical outcomes of open classic release surgery with ultrasound-guided percutaneous surgery in cases of multiple finger involvement.
Materials and Methods:
A cohort study has been performed from March 2019 to December 2020 by participating 34 trigger finger patients with multiple involvements. These patients were treated using classical open release and ultrasound-guided percutaneous release methods and both methods were compared in patients. The pain severity and functional ability obtained from the quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (Quick-DASH) test scores were compared.
Results:
The pain intensity in the classical open surgery patients was not significantly different from the ultrasound-guided group, and a one-month follow-up showed that the pain intensity in the ultrasound-guided patients was significantly less than in the other group (
P
= 0.02). Besides, no significant difference was observed between the functional abilities before and after the one-month follow-up. Indeed, the two groups had the same situations. Also, the recovery time in the ultrasound-guided percutaneous release group was significantly faster than in the other group. These cases had statistical differences as
P
= 0.001 and
P
< 0.001, respectively. The surgical release was 100% successful in both groups. The patients' satisfaction rates in the ultrasound-guided and open classic surgery treatment methods were 94.1 and 76.4%, respectively.
Conclusions:
Classical open release and ultrasound-guided percutaneous surgery could successfully treat multiple trigger fingers. However, ultrasound-guided percutaneous surgery provided faster recovery and less pain intensity than the other method.
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Original Article:
The effect of eight weeks of aquatic exercises on muscle strength in children with cerebral palsy: A case study
Mehrnoosh Esmailiyan, Seyed Mohamad Marandi, Maryam Darvishi, Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard, Atefeh Amerizadeh
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:87 (25 April 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_363_21
Background:
Cerebral palsy in children is considered a non-progressive brain injury due to abnormal brain development. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aquatic exercises on muscle strength in children with cerebral palsy.
Materials and Methods:
This study was performed on three boys with cerebral palsy with a mean age of 6.5 years. In this research, a single case study method with A1-B-A2 design has been used. After determining the position of the baseline, the intervention began and during 24 sessions of individual intervention, aquatic exercises were presented to the subjects and all three subjects were followed up for 2 consecutive weeks and one month after the end of the intervention. The strength of the flexor muscles of the arms and legs was measured by a power track dynamometer made by JTECK with a threshold of 4.4 N.
Results:
Based on the indicators of descriptive statistics and visual analysis, the intervention was effective for all three participants in muscle strength, and the strength of individuals after the intervention has improved compared to the baseline stage (percentage). Information overlap for the first and second participant in the strength of right thigh flexors was 75% and for the third participant was 100%. The strength of the upper and lower torso muscles improved after the end of the training compared to the basic stage.
Conclusion:
Aquatic exercises can increase the strength of children with cerebral palsy and provide a favorable environment for children with cerebral palsy.
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Original Article:
Application of breast scintigraphy for patients with suspicious (breast imaging-reporting and data system IV) breast lesions
Ali Reza Azarpeikan, Ramesh Omranipour, Habibollah Mahmoodzadeh, Seyed Rouhollah Miri, Narjes Mohammadzadeh, Farhang Derakhshan, Saeed Farzanefar, Mehrshad Abbasi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:86 (25 April 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_347_21
Background:
The surgery for a breast imaging-reporting and data system (BIRADS) IV lesions needs imaging or pathology supporting data. The roll of breast scintigraphy for this purpose is unclear.
Materials and Methods:
In a prospective design, 16 patients with 25 BIRADS IV lesions who were scheduled for surgery were included. Before the surgery, breast scintigraphy was done using a nondedicated dual head gamma camera in the prone position employing a shaped foam pad providing imaging at breast pendulous position. Twenty mCi
99
m
Tc methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile was injected and two 15 and 60-min delayed imaging were done (anterior, bilateral, and single photon emission computed tomography [SPECT] projections). Pathology reports were collected and tumor to nontumor uptake ratio (T/NT) was analyzed, accordingly.
Results:
Out of all lesions, 12 were malignant (invasive ductal and lobular carcinoma ductal carcinoma
in situ
). At 15 min, T/NT was insignificantly higher in the malignant compared to benign lesions (22.8 ± 23.9 vs. 10.1 ± 10.1;
P
= 0.109). The optimal T/NT cutoff for discrimination of malignant and benign lesions was 20. Only 1 out of 13 benign lesions presented uptake >20 (7.7%; false-positive rate;
P
= 0.047). The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for T/NT calculated at 0.68, 0.42, and 0.92, respectively. The T/NT at 60 min remained unchanged for either benign or malignant lesions (22.3 ± 30.2 vs. 11.7 ± 17.1;
P
= 0.296).
Conclusions:
Breast scintigraphy with general purpose gamma camera employing SPECT imaging may assist the selection of BIRADS IV lesions in need for surgery. All uptake positive cases should undergo surgery and decision for uptake negative cases should be made based on other data.
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Original Article:
Laparoscopic restorative total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for familial adenomatous polyposis and ulcerative colitis
Behrooz Keleidari, Mohsen Mahmoudieh, Mohammad Shiasi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:85 (25 April 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_249_21
Background:
Although laparoscopic total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis has recently been used for this group of patients, there are rare reports of its treatment outcomes and postoperative complications. For this purpose, the very aim of the present study was to evaluate the complications of this surgery after 6 months in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and ulcerative colitis (UC).
Materials and Methods:
The present cross-sectional study was performed on 20 patients undergoing restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (RPC-IPAA) for FAP or UC during 2009–2014. Outcomes of patients were recorded 6 months after surgery for complications and satisfaction.
Results:
There were 11 (60%) males and 9 (40%) females with a mean age of 30.65 ± 9.59 years. There were 12 patients (60%) with FAP and eight patients (40%) with UC. The length of stay (LOS) ranged from 4 days to 10 days with the mean of 6.40 ± 1.76 days. The incidence of complications including leak, urinary retention, and wound infection were 10%, 5%, and 10%, respectively. Moreover, no postoperative mortalities occurred. Male patients had no problems during sexual activity or micturition. All patients were highly satisfied with the outcome of the surgery.
Conclusion:
According to the results of the present study, laparoscopic RPC-IPAA was a surgery with the least complications and the highest level of satisfaction for young patients with FAP and UC. Therefore, it seems that this surgery can be a suitable surgical method for the mentioned patients.
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Original Article:
Diagnostic competence of creatine kinase BB, in mild traumatic brain injury and its prognostic value
Arash Forouzan, Mohammad Ali Fahimi, Amir Sadegh Iran Bastan, Ali Delirrooyfard
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:84 (28 March 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_122_21
Background:
Due to the very high and increasing prevalence, essential complications, and risk factors for psychiatric disorders, it is necessary to introduce screening tests for diagnosing and predicting mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) prognosis.
Materials and Methods:
After completing the consent form and recording information and examination findings of patients with mild trauma, venous blood samples were taken from these patients. The samples were measured by observing the cold chain. After 3 months from mTBI, the post concussion symptoms questionnaire (PCSQ) and the short form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire for physical and mental evaluations were performed. Statistical tests analyzed the relationship between different variables and serum Creatine kinase BB (CKBB) levels.
Results:
Statistic analyses showed no relation between CKBB level of serum and age, gender, level of consciousness, PCSQ, and SF 36 scale, and the interval between trauma and arrival to the hospital. Further, there is a significant correlation between CK-BB levels and intracranial damage based on Fisher's exact test.
Conclusion:
This study and following more significant considerations can introduce a serum-based biomarker panel that can accurately differentiate patients with complicated mTBI from those with uncomplicated.
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Original Article:
Predictive value of blood markers in nonfunctional pituitary adenomas using artificial neural network
Shahram Sayyadi, Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani, Rozita Jafari, Shirzad Azhari, Sohrab Salimi, Khalil Komlakh, Morteza Alesaadi, Pooyan Alizade, Habtemariam Solomon, Maryam Khayatkashani
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:83 (28 March 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_183_21
Background:
Nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) are the most common pituitary tumors and although they do not secrete hormones, they can have systemic effects. These tumors affect the function of other organs in the body by exerting pressure on the pituitary gland. There are differences between biomarkers NFPAs compared to healthy people. This study was conducted to show blood marker changes in adenomas compared to healthy people.
Materials and Methods:
This article compared the blood markers of NFPAs with healthy individuals retrospectively. The difference between blood markers in the two groups was statistically investigated where the predictive value of blood markers in the differentiation of the two groups was determined. An artificial neural network was also designed using the blood markers with its accuracy and predictive value determined.
Results:
A total of 96 NFPAs (nonfunctional pituitary adenoma) and 96 healthy individuals were evaluated. There was statistically a significant difference and positive correlation in platelet to lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, and derived neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio between NFPAs and healthy individuals. There was a significant and negative correlation between red blood cell (RBC), lymphocyte, and monocyte between the two groups. RBC as an independent factor was associated with NFPAs. In this study, the artificial neural network was able to differentiate between NFPTs cases and healthy individuals with an accuracy of 81.2%.
Conclusion:
There are differences between blood markers in NFPAs relative to healthy people and the artificial neural network can accurately differentiate between them.
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Case Report:
Report of a case with intraventricular cardiac hydatid cyst with coronary artery disease and multiple hepatic hydatid cysts
Mohsen Mirmohammadsadeghi, Alireza Hosseini
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:82 (28 March 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_268_21
Despite the prevalence of hydatid cyst in humans, its occurrence in the heart is rare. The clinical signs of the mentioned cyst in the heart are diverse, which makes its diagnosis challenging. In addition, the cardiac hydatidosis is diagnosed late as this disease progresses gradually. In this report, the cases discussed of a case with intraventricular cardiac hydatid cyst with coronary artery disease and multiple hepatic hydatid cysts. After diagnosis, the patient underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery, and the cyst was successfully removed. Considering the probability of heart involvement in endemic regions, devoting due attention to the disease as well as performing faster diagnosis of the disease can play a significant role in reducing its complications.
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Original Article:
Time- and concentration-dependent effects of the stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth on osteosarcoma cells
Razieh Alipour, Batool Hashemibeni, Vajihe Asgari, Hamid Bahramian
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:81 (28 March 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_277_21
Background:
Stem cells have been proposed to be one of the potent sources for treatment applications. Among diverse types of stem cells, stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) are known as the immature stem cell population, which are easily isolated, fast, and without ethical implications. SHEDs could induce pluripotent stem cells and show differentiation in chondrocytes, adipocytes, osteoblasts, neural cells, hepatocytes, myocytes, odontoblasts, and skin cells.
Materials
and
Methods:
In the current study, we investigated the effects of SHED on osteosarcoma cells (Saos-II) following 3 and 5 days indirect coculture.
Results:
Our results showed that indirect coculture of SHED with Saos-II cells could promote or inhibit Saos-II cells' growth in a concentration (the number of SHED vs. Saos-II cells) and time (days of indirect co-culture) dependent manner.
Conclusion:
Our findings suggested that, indirectly, SHED co-culture with the Soas-II cells might functions as a tumor suppressor where a higher number of SHEDs are used in the culture in comparison with the one cultured in the absence of/or fewer SHED incubation.
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Original Article:
Prevalence rate of hearing loss in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Simin Almasi, Fatemeh Mehrabian, Nariman Rahbar, Mojtaba Maleki Delarestaghi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:80 (28 March 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_118_21
Background:
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common chronic inflammatory disorder that can be associated with some hearing impairments. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence rate of hearing loss (HL) in RA patients.
Materials and Methods:
This study included 130 participants from February 2019 to March 2020 including 100 RA patients (78 females and 22 males) as RA group and 30 healthy cases (16 females and 14 males) as control group. All patients underwent pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, tympanometry, acoustic reflex, and tone decay test by single operator and device. The rate of HL and contributing factors were then determined.
Results:
The mean age of RA group was 53.95 ± 7.6 years, and the mean duration of disease was 12.74 years. Rheumatoid factor was positive in 54% of patients, and the frequency rates of diabetes, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, and dyslipidemia among RA patients were 14%, 1%, 26%, and 19%, respectively. These values among RA patients with HL were 18%, 1.7%, 34%, and 27.5%, respectively. HL in RA patients was related to dyslipidemia (
P
= 0.011) and age (
P
= 0.0001). Frequency rate of conductive HL in left and right ears was 2% and 5%, respectively, and these rates for sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) were 55% and 61%, respectively. In addition, the percent of HL in low, mid, and high frequency ranges was 18%, 19%, and 57%, respectively.
Conclusions:
The findings of the present research demonstrate that HL especially with SNHL and high-frequency types is common among RA patients.
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Original Article:
Early vitrectomy: An effective treatment for acute postcataract surgery endophthalmitis
Farhad Fazel Najafabadi, Ali Salehi, Mohammad Hadi Vaezi, Heshmatollah Ghanbari, Mohamadreza Fazel Najafabadi, Nima Koosha, Zahra Jafarzadeh
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:79 (28 March 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_44_21
Background:
Endophthalmitis is a rare but a high morbid complication after cataract surgery, and a gold standard treatment is not recommended yet. In this study, we aim to evaluate the effect of early vitrectomy on the visual acuity of patients with postcataract endophthalmitis.
Materials and Methods:
This study was a single-arm clinical trial on 27 patients with postcataract surgery endophthalmitis. Early vitrectomy was the intervention. Visual acuity as the primary outcome was evaluated and compared at baseline, at discharge, and 1 and 3 months after the intervention.
Results:
From 27 patients who included in our study, six patients gain favorable visual acuity of 5/10 and above (success rate = 22%), and four of them have no improvement in their visual acuity. Retinal detachment was reported as a complication in just one case. Negative culture was a predictor for success in terms of visual acuity after the surgery. All patients who gain favorable results, presented in the first 15 days after the cataract surgery.
Conclusion:
The result of our study showed that, considering complete, early vitrectomy for the treatment of postcataract surgery endophthalmitis, especially for those who presented in the first 15 days of cataract surgery and for those who have negative culture is promising.
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Original Article:
Comparative study of the effect of vaginal use of primrose oil with misoprostol on cervical preparation of prim gravid women: A double-blind clinical trial
Azar Danesh Shahraki, Sara Mirhoseini, Minoo Movahedi, Maryam Hajihashemy, Fedyeh Haghollahi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:78 (28 March 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_30_22
Background:
This study compares the effect of vaginal administration of evening primrose oil with misoprostol on cervical preparation in prim gravid women at ≥40 weeks gestation.
Materials and Methods:
This was a double-blind randomized clinical trial conducted in Isfahan, Iran during 2019-2020 on 110 prim gravid pregnant women with a gestational age of 40 weeks and more and cephalic presentation of the fetus with the obstetrical indication for pregnancy termination. After obstetric examinations to rule out cephalo pelvic disproportion and calculation of the Bishop score by the researcher, patients were randomized to receive 25 μg misoprostol tablets (
n
= 55) or 1000 mg evening primrose oil Pearls (
n
= 55) administrated vaginally by a midwife. We compared Bishop's score before and after the intervention, time of cervical ripening, a dose of intervention for cervical ripening, need to induce labor, the interval between cervical preparation and induction of labor, duration of oxytocin use, need for cesarean section, and its cause, Apgar score at 5 and 10 minutes, neonatal birth weight.
Results:
Mean baseline Bishop Score was not significant between the groups (
P
= 0.45); after the intervention, it was significantly higher in the primrose oil group (
P
< .001). Significantly fewer patients required cesarean sections in the primrose oil group (
P
= 0.03). The other outcomes were. not significant between the groups (
P
> 0.05).
Conclusion:
Misoprostol and primrose oil administration appear to positively affect cervical readiness. Primrose oil resulted in significantly better Bishop Scores and fewer cesarean sections compared to misoprostol in pregnancy 40 weeks and more.
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Original Article:
Cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells reveal a polyploid phenotype with remarkable activation of nuclear processes
Rezvan Adibi, Shiva Moein, Yousof Gheisari
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:77 (28 March 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_348_21
Background:
Tumor recurrence as one of the main causes of cancer death is a big barrier to cancer complete treatment. Various studies denote the possible role of therapeutics in tumor relapse. Cisplatin as one of the generally used chemotherapy agents is supposed to be the source of therapy resistance through formation of polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs). Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which PGCCs promote tumor relapse are not fully understood.
Materials and Methods:
In this study, we performed experimental and bioinformatic investigations to recognize the mechanisms related to cisplatin resistance. A2780 and SCOV-3 cell lines were treated with cisplatin for 72 hours and were evaluated for their morphology by fluorescent microscopy and DNA content analysis. Furthermore, a microarray dataset of cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells was re-analyzed to determine the significantly altered genes and signaling pathways.
Results:
Although cisplatin led to death of considerable fraction of cells in both cell lines, a significant number of survived cells became polyploid. On the other hand, our high throughput analysis determined significant change in expression of 1930 genes which mainly related to gene regulatory mechanisms and nuclear processes. Besides, mTOR, hypoxia, Hippo, and 14-3-3 signaling pathways previously shown to have role in PGCCs were determined.
Conclusion:
Taken together, results of this study demonstrated some key biological mechanisms related to cisplatin-resistant polyploid cancer cells.
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Original Article:
Study of the apoptotic impacts of hazelnut oil on the colorectal cancer cell line
Mina Ramezan, Hamideh Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini, Ali Salimi, Yousef Ramezan
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:76 (28 March 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_297_21
Background:
Hazelnut oil has a unique structure with a high oleic acid content, tocopherol, tocotrienols, and other bioactive compounds, such as phytosterols. These biochemical compounds have been widely studied because of their potential health properties. Understanding the process of apoptosis is the basis of new therapies contributing to cancer cells' death. Recently, the potential role of the evolutionary-reserved
bcl-2
protein family in tumor progression and prognosis of some malignancies has been addressed in several studies. The present study is aimed at evaluating the effect of apoptotic properties of hazelnut oil on colorectal cancer cells through the major members of this family (
bax
and
bcl-2
).
Materials and Methods:
MTT assay, apoptotic cell staining (using Annexin V and propidium iodide), flow cytometry, and real-time PCR were used to evaluate the toxicity, percentage of apoptotic cells, and
bax
and
bcl-2
genes' expression after exposing HT29 cells to hazelnut oil.
Results:
After hazelnut treatment, significant decreases in cell viability, and the gene expression of
bax
and
bcl-2
were observed compared to the control group (
P
< 0.05). In addition, the total percentage of apoptotic cells after hazelnut oil treatment showed a significant increase in comparison with the negative control group (
P
< 0.05).
Conclusion:
Hazelnut oil appears to cause the death of cancerous cells through an apoptotic mechanism.
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Original Article:
Vitamin E prevented hepatic and renal tissue damage in hypothyroid rats
Mahdiyeh Hedayati-Moghadam, Yousef Baghcheghi, Farimah Beheshti, Arezoo G Shabgah, Hossein Salmani, Mahmoud Hosseini
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:75 (28 March 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_275_21
Background
: Considering antioxidant effects of vitamin E (Vit E), in the present study, the effect of Vit E on liver and kidney functions and oxidative stress parameters in tissues of these organs of hypothyroid (Hypo) rats were reported.
Materials and Methods:
The animals were included in three groups:(1) control, (2) hypo, and (3) hypo-hypo-Vit E. Hypothyroidism was induced in rats by giving 0.05% propylthiouracil (PTU) in drinking water. Besides PTU, the rats in group 3 were daily injected with Vit E (20 mg/kg) for 42 days. The animals were deeply anesthetized and sacrificed, and the serum of the rats was immediately removed to measure thyroxin level and subsequent analysis. The liver and kidney tissues were also immediately removed for biochemical oxidative stress criteria.
Results:
PTU administration reduced serum thyroxin level and also thiol content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities in the liver and kidney tissues while increasing malondialdehyde (MDA). Hypothyroidism also increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine while decreasing albumin. Vit E increased thiol, SOD, and CAT in the liver and kidney tissues while diminished MDA. Vit E also decreased ALT, BUN, and creatinine while increased albumin.
Conclusion:
The results of this study showed that Vit E prevented liver and renal tissue damage in hypothyroid rats.
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Original Article:
The effect of ipratropium bromide with Violet flower extract, ipratropium bromide with budesonide, and ipratropium bromide alone on the cuff-leak of the endotracheal tube in intubated ICU patients
Seyed Taghi Hashemi, Babak Alikiaii, Niloofar Mohkamkar
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:74 (28 March 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_265_21
Background:
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of ipratropium bromide with violet flower extract, ipratropium bromide with budesonide, and ipratropium bromide alone on the cuff-leak of the endotracheal tube and changes in hemodynamic parameters in intubated patients admitted to the intensive care unit.
Materials and Methods:
The present randomized clinical trial study was performed on 195 intubated patients in three groups of 65 patients. The first group received nebulized ipratropium bromide with budesonide (I + B group), the second group in addition to ipratropium bromide, received one tablespoon of the violet flower extract syrup every 8 hours (I + V group), and the third group received nebulized ipratropium bromide alone (I group). Hemodynamic parameters and the cuff-leak ratio (CLR) of patients were evaluated up to 72 hours after intubation.
Results:
The results of the present study revealed that 12 hours after intubation, the mean of CLR was significantly lower in group I (with a mean of 0.14 ± 0.02) as compared with that of the I + V and I + B groups (with the means of 0.16 ± 0.05 and 0.23 ± 0.05, respectively) (
P
< 0.001). In addition, 24 hours after intubation, the mean of CLR in group I + V was higher than that of I + B and I groups (
P
< 0.05).
Conclusion:
According to the results of this study, the use of violet extract syrup in patients under intubation can significantly improve patients' ratio of cuff-leak and SpO2. It seems that the use of violet extract syrup is effective to prevent unwanted complications during intubation and to facilitate patients' breathing.
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Original Article:
Determinants of weight disorders in two- year- old children in Isfahan, Iran
Bahareh Vard, Sahand Deylam, Roya Riahi, Roya Kelishadi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:73 (28 March 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_251_21
Background:
Considering the importance of weight disorders in childhood and its impact until adulthood, this study was conducted to assess the determinants of weight disorders in 2-year-old Iranian children.
Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 among on 2300 children registered in Comprehensive Health Centers of Isfahan, Iran. Weight disorders, including underweight and overweight were defined according to the standardized National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)/Centers for Disease Control (CDC) growth charts. Demographic data including gender, birth weight, maternal educational levels and occupation, duration of breastfeeding and the age of beginning complementary food were gathered.
Results:
In the present study, 750 children (i.e., 32.6%) had weight disorders. Among them, 53.6% were underweight, 26.3% were overweight, and 12.9% were obese, 7.2%had severe underweight. Female gender, university education of mothers and higher levels of socio-economic status significantly increased the chance of overweight by 14.79%, 22.28%, 27.33% and 24.48%, respectively. Although with the increase in the duration of breastfeeding and the increase of family members, overweight, respectively, decreased by 0.86 and 0.93 fold, but it was not statistically significant. There was an inverse, significant relationship between the duration of breastfeeding with overweight versus underweight.
Conclusion:
Underweight and overweight were the two most common weight disorders among 2-year- children, respectively. Control of modifiable risk factors for weight disorders in early life should be underscored in the primary health care system.
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Original Article:
Chlamydia pneumoniae
seropositivity in the Iranian patients with the skin inflammatory disorder of rosacea
Maryam Aghaei, Shahrzad Aghaei, Mohammad-Ali Nilforoushzadeh, Latifeh Abdellahi, Farahnaz Fatemi Naeini, Fariba Iraji, Sayed Mohsen Hosseini, Seyed Hossein Hejazi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:72 (28 March 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_233_21
Background:
Rosacea
is a skin chronic inflammation with an unknown cause and cure. Environmental and genetic factors could not entirely explain the disease pathogenesis. Recently, infections like
Chlamydia pneumoniae
are of more attention in the rosacea progression. This study investigated the relationship between the
C. pneumoniae
seropositivity and the rosacea disorder.
Materials and Methods:
We aimed at a cohort of 100 patients with the rosacea disorder (60 active and 40 inactive) and from 100 sex- and age-matched healthy controls in Isfahan and determined the immunoglobulin M (IgM)/IgG antibodies titers to
C. pneumoniae
in the serum using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The groups were compared using the analysis of variance procedure at the significant level of
P
< 0.05, statistically.
Results:
The mean of IgG in the controls was significantly higher than the levels in both the active and the inactive rosacea patients (
p
< 0.022). Also, the titer of serum IgM to
C. pneumoniae
in the controls was different, compared with the active (
p
< 0.019) and the inactive (
p
< 0.02) rosacea patients. In addition, the median titer of serum IgG (not IgM) to
C. pneumoniae
in the females with the inactive rosacea disorder was lower than the active rosacea disorder (
p
< 0.019) and controls women (
p
< 0.008). Furthermore, the serum level of IgG or IgM to
C. pneumoniae
in the controls males was higher than the males with the rosacea disorder (
p
< 0.05) and (
p
< 0.02), alternatively.
Conclusion:
C. pneumoniae
seropositivity in the rosacea patients and controls was insignificant.
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Original Article:
Evaluating the clinicopathologic parameters of tongue squamous cell carcinoma based on its local distribution
Saeedeh Khalesi, Arash Abbasi, Sayed Mohammad Razavi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:71 (28 March 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_197_21
Background:
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common oral lesions and the tongue is one of the most common areas involved. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathologic feature of tongue SCCs based on its local distribution.
Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, clinical data such as age, gender, location, and clinical appearance were extracted from the archives of the Oral Pathology Department, Isfahan Dental School, registered with a definitive diagnosis of tongue SCC during 2005-2019. Then, 34 specimens were selected for histopathological evaluation in a simple random way. The histopathologic slides were examined to determine the grade of tumor malignancy. The data were entered into SPSS23 software and analyzed by Chi-square, Fisher exact, One-way ANOVA, and Non-parametric tests.
P
value <0.05 was considered significant.
Results:
Of the 275 OSCCs, 68 samples were tongue SCC. The mean age of patients was 61.7 ± 15 and 61.8% were women. The most common clinical manifestations were exophytic lesions (42.6%) and the most common site was the lateral border of the tongue (36.8%). The results did not show a significant relationship between the clinicopathologic feature including mean age (p = 0.766), gender (p = 0.338), clinical presentation (p = 0.434), grade of malignancy (p = 0.763) and location. But, among the histopathological parameters, the pattern of invasion (p = 0.047) was significantly associated with the local distribution.
Conclusion:
Given that most OSCCs had moderate differentiation of malignancy, identification of clinical features is needed. Attention to the pattern of invasion and location on the tongue can be effective in determining the therapeutic approach.
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Original Article:
Vascular and neural invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A study in an Iranian population
Nakisa Torabinia, Gholamreza Jahanshahi, Vahid Eslami, Forooz Keshani
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:70 (28 March 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_220_21
Background:
Among various parameters used to predict the outcome of malignancy, nerve invasion has been widely considered as a sign of aggressive behavior in oral cancers. According to the importance of neural invasion in predicting the outcome of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of neural and vascular invasion in OSCC.
Materials
and
Methods:
In this descriptive, analytical, and cross-sectional study, paraffin-embedded tissues of 62 OSCC in the health center of surgery and pathology were evaluated (2013–2015). Patients' archives were evaluated and recorded in terms of their age and gender. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides were then examined by two oral pathologists and scrutinized for the presence of nerve involvement, tumor differentiation, vascular and lymph node invasion, and depth of invasion. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23,
t
-test, and one-way ANOVA (
P
< 0.05).
Results:
Of 62 tumors, 12 patients showed only nerve invasion, 17 cases had only vascular invasion, and seven patients had both neural and vascular invasion, simultaneously, known as a neurovascular invasion. Furthermore, there was no vascular and neural invasion in 26 cases. There was a statistically significant correlation between vascular and neural invasion and the tumor site (
P
= 0.045). The highest frequency of neural invasion, as well as vascular invasion, was related to tongue tumors.
Conclusion:
The relation between neural and vascular invasion in OSCC with tumor's location was statistically significant. Lip and tongue carcinoma had shown more neurovascular invasion without relation to gender, age, and cell differentiation.
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Original Article:
The impact of maternal predisposing factors on level of maternal serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein A and free subunit human chorionic gonadotropin and nuchal translucency
Maryam Mirsafaie, Majid Kheirollahi, Lida Moghaddam-Banaem
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:69 (21 March 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_54_21
Background:
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal predisposing factors with the level of maternal serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein A and free subunit human chorionic gonadotropin and nuchal translucency.
Materials
and
Methods:
We performed a cross-sectional-analytical study on 762 pregnant women who referred to the Gene Azma Medical Genetics Laboratory in Isfahan for amniocentesis. All pregnant women at high risk of screening in the first trimester of pregnancy for trisomy 21 and other aneuploidy were referred to a gynecologist for amniotic fluid sampling (amniocentesis). Multiple of the means (MoM) of PAPPA ≤0.5, 0.5 ≥ MoM free β-hCG >2.5, and NT ≥3.5 mm were considered abnormal. We used Chi-square method and Mann–Whitney U-test to compare data qualitative and quantitative, respectively.
Results:
In individuals with less pregnancies and deliveries, the value of abnormal NT was higher (
P
< 0.01,
P
< 0.001, respectively). On the other hand, the highest abnormal rate of NT was observed in pregnant women under 35 years (21, 84%,
P
< 0.012). In addition, abnormal levels of free
β
-hCG are more common in women < 35 years of age (186, 66.9%,
P
< 0.02) and female fetuses (171, 58.8%) (
P
< 0.006).
Conclusion:
According to the results of this study, it can be said that considering the underlying factors of pregnant mothers in performing tests related to screening in the first trimester of pregnancy can lead to a reduction in false positive rates.
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Original Article:
The impact of individual factors on health information-seeking behavior of infertile couples undergoing assisted reproductive technologies: Longo model
Nader Alishan Karami, Masoomeh Latifi, Nilofar Berahmand, Fatemeh Eini, Mohammed N Al-Suqri
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:68 (21 March 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_181_22
Background:
This study investigated the impact of individual factors on the Health information-seeking behavior (HISB) of infertile couples undergoing Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART).
Materials and Methods:
This applied study was done using the descriptive-analytical method. The population of the study remains to be infertile couples undergoing ART referred to a public Infertility Center and a private one in Bandar Abbas (capital of Hormozgan province, Southern Iran) in the summer of 2020. Using simple random sampling, 168 people were selected. The data collection tool was a questionnaire extracted from Longo HISB Model, used after validation and reliability. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive and inferential tests.
Results:
The results showed that individual factors (gender, education, income, age, and cause of infertility) affect the HISB of infertile couples. Based on the analysis of variance, there was a significant difference between infertile couples concerning Passive Information Receipt (F = 2.688 and
P
= 0.048) so the couples with a male cause used Passive Information Receipt more.
Conclusions:
Considering the results, it is necessary for the country's health system to take appropriate measures to provide an appropriate situation for better decision-making for infertile couples and improve the chances of fertility by reducing the existing inequalities to Active Information Receipt and quality health information.
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Original Article:
In Vitro
study of the leishmanicidal activity of
perovskia abrotanoides
terpenoid-rich fractions against
Leishmania major
(MRHO/IR/75/ER)
Masoud Sadeghi Dinani, Seyed A Emarati Noushabadi, Fatemeh Namdar, Parastoo Hassani Abharian, SH Hejazi, Zahra Sebghatollahi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:67 (21 March 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_175_21
Background:
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an ulcerative skin disease caused by some species of the genus
Leishmania
. Evidence shows that
Perovskia abrotanoides
is an important herbal medicine against
Leishmania.
This study was conducted to investigate the killing effect of terpenoid-rich fractions on promastigotes of
L. major
(MRHO/IR/75/ER).
Material and Method:
The eluates of reverse phased medium pressure liquid chromatography (RP-MPLC) of the extract were subjected to thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and categorized into six final fractions. Primary proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR) spectroscopy confirmed fractions' nature. Fractions 4, 5, and 6 (F4, F5, F6) were identified as terpenoid-rich content. Two concentrations of 50 and 100 μg/ml were prepared to test leishmanicidal activity. Followed by treating promastigotes of
L. major
by the fractions in incubation times of 12, 24, and 48 hours, their viability was determined using a cell proliferation MTS ((3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) assay.
Result:
F4, F5, and F6 showed significant killing activity on promastigotes of
L. major
in a concentration-dependent manner. The viability of promastigotes was significantly reduced at a concentration of 100 μg/ml compared to 50 μg/ml (P-value <0.05). Also, over time a significant decreasing trend in the viability of promastigotes confirmed the time-dependent manner of the fractions (P-value <0.01). Furthermore, F5 had the highest leishmanicidal activity at the first incubation time compared with other fractions.
Conclusion:
Terpenoid-rich fractions of the
P. abrotanoides
have a leishmanicidal activity that depends on time and concentration. Among them, F5 has the highest potency that may contain potent terpenoid constituents.
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Original Article:
Evaluation of tenascin expression in ameloblastoma, odontogenic keratocyst, and dentigerous cyst by immunohistochemistry
Narges Ghazi, Nasrollah Saghravanian, Majid Mirhashemi, Abolfazl Abedini Ardakani
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:66 (21 March 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_131_21
Background:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression pattern of tenascin in ameloblastoma, odontogenic keratocyst, and dentigerous cyst.
Materials and Methods:
The expression of tenascin was evaluated in microscopic slides of 42 paraffin blocks including 12 ameloblastomas, 15 odontogenic keratocysts, and 15 dentigerous cysts by immunohistochemistry. The expression of tenascin was examined in stroma, epithelium-connective tissue interface, and epithelium of the lesions by two pathologists semiquantitatively.
Results:
Stromal expression of tenascin was higher in ameloblastomas than other groups. All the paired groups showed significant differences except comparison of odontogenic keratocysts and dentigerous cysts. Epithelial-mesenchymal interface expression of tenascin was significantly higher in ameloblastomas and odontogenic keratocysts than dentigerous cysts. All the paired groups showed significant differences except comparison of odontogenic keratocysts and ameloblastomas. Expression of tenascin in epithelial cells of ameloblastomas was focal whereas in odontogenic keratocysts and dentigerous cysts negative immunoreactivity was reported.
Conclusions:
Expression of tenascin in these lesions suggests that it could play a role in epithelial-mesenchymal interaction. Higher expression of tenascin in ameloblastoma, can explain immaturity of its stroma and aggressive nature of this lesion compared with other studied groups. Moreover, higher expression of tenascin in epithelial-mesenchymal interface of odontogenic keratocyst compared with dentigerous cyst reveals its more immature and aggressive nature and high rate of recurrence.
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Original Article:
Development and evaluation of a self-care application based on herbal medicine for skin and hair diseases
Leila Shahmoradi, Nakisa Izadi, Laila Shirbeigi, Reza Nazari, Sorayya Rezayi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:65 (21 March 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_109_21
Background:
Self-care applications are effective in the control and treatment of disease symptoms. Today, the mobile phone is used as one of the tools that can help us in this regard. The present study attempts to develop and evaluate a functional self-care mobile-phone application for patients with skin and hair problems using treatment protocols of herbal medicine.
Materials and Methods:
This study is a descriptive-applied type. At first, a questionnaire was prepared for data need assessment and also to determine the data items and required capabilities of the application. Based on the results, an application was designed using the Java programing language in the Android software environment. In the next step, the application was installed on the mobile phones of several specialists and patients, and the necessary corrections were made. Then, the final version of the application was evaluated.
Results:
The most critical data elements of the mobile application for skin and hair patients included the application's functionality, temperament survey, and clinical information. After considering users' feedback, the screen functionality, the application's information and idiom, and overall functionality of the application were evaluated and approved by the users.
Conclusion:
By and large, the developed application could help the patients to receive the best and high-priority treatment protocols based on their own temperament.
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Original Article:
Analysis of operated patients with ocular trauma: A 10-year retrospective study
Farshad Ostadian, Fereydoun Farrahi, Mohammad Zolfaghari, Seyed M Latifi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:64 (21 March 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_108_21
Background:
Ocular trauma is one of the most common causes of hospitalization in patients with ocular injuries. It imposes many direct and indirect physical and psychological costs on the patient and the community.
Materials and Methods:
The present descriptive cross-sectional and retrospective study includes all patients with ocular trauma who underwent surgery in the referral center's ophthalmic operating room for 10 years. A checklist was completed for each patient, including demographic information and the variables required for the study. A total of 927 patients who underwent eye surgery due to ocular trauma were eligible for the study. All descriptive data were reported as the mean plus standard deviation for quantitative variables and distribution tables and frequency percentage for qualitative variables. Inferential tests such as independent t-test and Chi-square test were used to evaluate the research questions.
Results:
This study showed that most ocular traumas occur at a young age and mostly in males. The types of trauma in the studied eyes were divided into penetrating and non-penetrating in different age groups. The results showed that the most common type of surgery was corneal laceration repair, and in all patients, visual acuity improved significantly after surgery. In this study, a total of 81% of patients underwent only one operation.
Conclusions:
Training and caring for children and adolescents about high-risk behaviors and educating industry professionals to wear goggles, and increase workplace safety can reduce these types of trauma.
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Original Article:
Relation of social support status and social health in people with drug abuse
Afsaneh Nourafkan, Zahra Amini
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:63 (21 March 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_85_21
Background:
The aim of this study was to investigate the status of social support in people with drug abuse and its relationship with social health in patients referring to addiction treatment centers in Isfahan.
Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was performed in Isfahan addiction treatment centers in 2019–2020. The study population was the total number of people with drug abuse in Isfahan addiction treatment centers that 300 people with substance abuse and 300 people as control group were included. Social support and social health questionnaires were distributed among the participants. The Keez Social Health Questionnaire, designed in the United States in 2004, is about daily life and the social environment and measures social health. Another questionnaire was the social support of Sherbon and Stewart (MOS). This scale was a self-report tool that measured the amount of social support received by the subject.
Results:
The results showed a positive, direct, and significant relationship between the dimensions of social support and social health in the group of patients with drug abuse (
P
< 0.05). Comparison of social support and its dimensions in the two control and affected groups showed that the scores in the healthy group were significantly higher than the affected group (
P
< 0.05).
Conclusion:
According to the results of this study, the level of social support and social health in people with substance abuse is less than other people in society, and to improve the social health of people with substance abuse, more social support should be provided.
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Original Article:
Neurovascular structures at risk during surgical access to trigeminal ganglion and meckel's cave – An anatomical study
Prashant Chaware, Venkatasurya Kumar, Ankit Srivastava, Sumit Raj, Bertha A D. Rathinam
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:62 (21 March 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_261_20
Background:
It is difficult to approach the Trigeminal Ganglion (TG) and Meckel's cave (MC) during surgeries. Therefore, the exact knowledge of the relationship of surgical landmarks to related anatomical structures is vital to reduce the associated postoperative morbidity. The aim of the present study was to enhance the knowledge of the surgical anatomy of structures that are present in the conduit of all surgical approaches to TG and MC, their distances from surrounding neurovascular structures, and their variations.
Material and Methods:
The study was carried out on 40 embalmed cadavers (Eight Female) of the anatomy department of a teaching hospital in Central India. Meticulous dissection of cranial fossae was done to locate TG, MC, and related anatomical structures. All distances from TG and MC were measured using an electronic digital calliper.
Results:
Length, width, and thickness of TG were 15.39 mm, 4.39 mm, and 2.54 mm, respectively. The distance from zygomatic arch, the lateral end of the petrous ridge, arcuate eminence, foramen ovale, and foramen spinosum to MC was 26.10 mm and 37.94 mm, 16.46 mm, 4.54 mm, and 11.23 mm, respectively. The sixth, fourth, and third cranial nerves were 6.26 mm, 4.94 mm, and 2.53 mm from MC, respectively. The MC was 42.72 mm and 33.87 mm anteromedial from posterior and anterior limits of the sigmoid sinus.
Conclusion:
Findings of the present study will aid surgical planning and decide the approach to TG and MC and avoid surgical complications.
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Original Article:
Anti-leishmaniasis effect of
Staphylococcus aureus
Protein A on the size of the lesion and parasitic load
Zahra Tavalaei, Mehrdad Zeinalian, Hossein Khanahmad, Hossein Hejazi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:61 (21 March 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_291_20
Background:
Many studies in the past have evaluated the role of immune system boosters in the treatment of leishmania major infection. Protein A (PA) is one of the structural components in peptidoglycan cell wall of gram-negative bacteria such as staphylococcus aurous which functions as a stimulator in the cellular immune system. The present study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of PA on the recovery of leishmania major infection.
Materials and Methods:
This study was conducted on 24 female Balb/c-infected mice. The experimental group received PA at a dose of 60 mg/kg for four weeks. There was no intervention for the negative control group; the third group received the solvent of PA and sterile H2O; and the positive control group received Amphotericin B at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight. At the end of the treatment period, a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was performed to determine parasitic burden, and the size of the lesions was measured by caliper with an accuracy of 0.01 mm.
Results:
Results showed that PA did slightly decrease the wound spread and growth but not to an extent that can be considered statistically significant. Also, differences in cycle threshold (Ct) values between the treated group and the untreated group was not impressive.
Conclusions:
Although findings showed that PA isn't such a good candidate for leishmania treatment, it may still be suitable for therapies that use multiple drugs in combination to speed up the healing of leishmaniosis, an issue that merits evaluation in future studies.
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Original Article:
Evaluation of herbal hair lotion loaded with rosemary for possible hair growth in C57BL/6 mice
Asia Begum, Sandhya S , Anoop Kumar N , Syed S Ali
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:60 (21 March 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_306_21
Background:
Rosmarinus officinalis
(rosemary) is a common household plant with needle-like leaves and white flowers that belongs to the family Lamiaceae and has various medicinal properties including ailments of hair and scalp, cardiovascular, nervous disorders, etc., In the current work, we have focused on formulation and evaluation of 1% hair lotion incorporated with methanolic extract of
R. officinalis
.
Materials and Methods:
The aerial parts of the plant were extracted with methanol and then the nature of phytochemicals were identified by chemical tests. It showed the presence of proteins, amino acids, fats and oils, steroids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, volatile oil, and vitamins. The extract was formulated to a suitable hair lotion and then evaluated for its various quality control parameters. Finally, the lotion was evaluated for hair growth promoting activity on C57BL/6 mice, using water as control and 2% minoxidil hair lotion as standard.
Results:
It was observed that the formulated 1% herbal hair lotion passed all the evaluation parameters and showed a significant hair growth promoting activity than the standard drug-treated animals.
Conclusion:
Although several researches have been carried out on the rosemary, an investigation on formulation of hair lotion adding the extract of the aerial part of the plant is for the first time. Since our formulation exhibited an excellent activity, it can be well thought out to be an alternative to the commercially available hair growth promoters with a lot of unwanted effects.
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Original Article:
Effect of music during general anesthesia on anesthetic consumption during vitrectomy surgery
Ardeshir Tajbakhsh, Sohrab Salimi, Narsis Daftarian, Dariush Abtahi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:59 (21 March 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_444_22
Background:
Controversy remains about the positive role of music during general anesthesia and postoperative recovery. We, therefore, tested the hypothesis that intraoperative exposure to classical music reduces the propofol necessary to maintain the bispectral index (BIS) close to 50 during vitrectomy surgery.
Materials and Methods:
This double-blind clinical study is evaluating 50 patients undergoing vitrectomy surgery under general anesthesia. Patients were randomly assigned to music and white noise groups, and relevant sounds were played to patients after induction of anesthesia. The two groups were compared for the use of propofol as an anesthetic to maintain a BIS near 50 and for postoperative pain, anxiety, nausea, and vomiting.
Results:
Propofol consumption to maintain the set BIS score was much lower in the music group than in the white noise group (78.72 ± 25.76 microgram/kg/min and 117.91 ± 36.78 microgram/kg/min, respectively,
P-
value = 0.000). Postoperative pain scores were also much lower in the music group than in the white noise group (
P
-value = 0.000) and anxiety levels between these two groups did not differ (
P
-value = 0.870). No patient in the music group had complaints of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) compared to six patients in the white noise group (
P
-value = 0.011).
Conclusions:
Listening to music during general anesthesia for vitrectomy surgery can reduce the use of anesthetics, postoperative pain, and PONV. Further, controlled studies are necessary to confirm our results.
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Original Article:
Comparison of the effect of preoperative oral tizanidine and pregabalin on shoulder pain in laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia
Shahryar Sane, Shahram Sayyadi, Rahman Abbasivash, Seyfollah Rezaei, Ashkan Azadfar, Sohrab Salimi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:58 (21 March 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_222_22
Background:
Shoulder pain is considered as the most important and relatively common postoperative cholecystectomy complications that often controls in recovery room by systemic narcotics that may have some side effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of premedication with oral tizanidine on shoulder pain relief after elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Materials and Methods:
In this double-blinded clinical trial, 75 adults of American Society of Anesthesiologist physiologic state 1 and 2 scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia were selected and randomly divided in three groups of T, P, and control groups. Ninety minutes before the induction of anesthesia, patients received either 4 mg tizanidine (T group), 100 mg pregabalin (P group), or orally in 50cc or the same volume of plain water as a placebo (control group). Then, the vital signs, pain intensity, and the need for analgesic were measured during 24 hours and then compared in the groups.
Results:
There was no significant difference in patient characteristics, with respect to age, weight, gender, and duration of anesthesia and surgery between the groups (
P
> 0.05). The pain intensity and need for analgesic were significantly lower in tizanidine and pregabalin groups than the control group (
P
< 0.003) vs (
P
< 0.001). There was no significant difference in vital signs characteristics between the groups.
Conclusion:
Oral administration of 4 mg tizanidine and 100 mg pregabalin 90 minutes before laparoscopic cholecystectomy significantly relive postoperative shoulder pain and analgesic consumption without any complication.
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Original Article:
Comparative study of the effect of two different doses of dexmedetomidine to prevent emergence agitation in tonsillectomy in children aged 2 to 12 years old
Sedighe Shahhosseini, Hossein Naderi Boldaji, Hamidreza Shetabi, Amir Shafa
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:57 (21 March 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_30_21
Background:
Emergence agitation (EA) is one of the complications following anesthesia in pediatric surgery. Various drugs are used to prevent this complication, and one of them is dexmedetomidine. Choosing the right dose of this drug for the best efficiency is an important issue due to this complication.The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the prophylactic effect of intravenous dexmedetomidine in different doses in preventing EA after tonsillectomy in children.
Materials and Methods:
Our study was a double-blind clinical trial performed on 75 children ASAI, II candidates for tonsillectomy. Patients were divided into three groups. The group 1 received a dose of 0.6 μg/kg per hour and group 2 received a dose of 0.3 μg/kg per hour and group 3 was the control group. Then vital signs and observational pain score (OPS) and pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium (PAEDS) criteria were measured in patients. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS software version 23 and non-parametric tests such as Friedman, Mann-Whitney.
Results:
According to the data analysis, mean blood pressure, mean heart rate, OPS and PAEDS score in group 1 were lower than other groups. Also, the average time of staying in recovery and extubation in group 1 was less than other groups.
Conclusion:
A dose of 0.6 μg/kg dexmedetomidine has a better effect on reducing EA (emergence agitation) after pediatric tonsillectomy.
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Review Article:
Genotypic patterns of multidrug-resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii
: A systematic review
Golnar Rahimzadeh, Mohammad S Rezai, Fereshteh Farshidi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:56 (21 March 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_434_22
Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii)
is one of the most common bacteria in nosocomial infections. Inappropriate usage of antibiotics has led to expanding emergence resistance to
A. baumannii
as a multidrug-resistant (MDR) strain. Empirical antibiotic therapy is necessary to evaluate the resistant gene pattern of MDR
A. baumannii
. For this purpose, the present study evaluated the resistance genes pattern of MDR
A. baumannii
collected from hospitalized patients using a genotypic diagnostic technique. To find evidence related to the study objectives, databases were searched such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, and Scopus from 2000 to 2022, with specified keywords in the title and text of the articles. Articles were included based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The mentioned database displayed 284 articles. After screening, 65 eligible articles were included. The results showed that various b-lactamases genes, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs) genes, and pump-expressing genes are resistance gene patterns in MDR
A. baumannii
isolates. MDR
A. baumannii
has significantly become resistant to b-lactams, carbapenems, and aminoglycosides.
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Original Article:
Heart rate variability among healthy untrained adults during mild intensity stationary cycling exercise
Varun Malhotra, Avinash E Thakare, Sandeep M Hulke, Danish Javed, Ashish K Dixit, Santosh L Wakode, Francisco Cidral
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:55 (2 March 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_66_22
Background:
Stationary cycling is the popular, preferred, and convenient form of exercise. During exercise, autonomic modulation is seen which can be assessed by heart rate variability (HRV). The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in HRV during mild-intensity cycling exercise.
Materials and Methods:
An observational cross-sectional study was done on 20 healthy male volunteers with the age (35.44 ± 4.12), height (71.12 ± 11.98), and weight (161.23 ± 11.65), BMI (27.12 ± 3.49) attending various YOGA sessions in AYUSH OPD. Volunteers underwent an exercise program at the mild intensity of 30% to 50% of maximal heart rate on a stationary cycle for 20 min. HRV was recorded by the HRV mobile unit Dynamika Machine at rest, every 5 min (4×) over 20 min and during the recovery period. Repeated measures of analysis of variance with post-hoc analysis with Bonferroni and Holm's multiple comparisons.
Results:
Significant change was observed in mean heart rate and time domain parameters. Frequency domain parameters that showed significant change were total power, High Frequency- HF (ms
2
), Very Low Frequency -VLF (ms
2
), Low Frequency -LF (ms
2
), and Very Low Frequency %-VLF (%).
Conclusions:
The HRV parameters conclusively point towards cardiac parasympathetic withdrawal and sympathetic dominance at the initiation of exercise. With the progression of exercise, the sympathetic influence is retained. In the recovery period parasympathetic reactivation gains control over heart rate as well as HRV. The HRV response to exercise challenges may be helpful in designing exercise programs based on variations in the autonomic response.
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Original Article:
Toll-like receptor 7 a novel non-invasive inflammatory genetic sensor for ulcerative colitis remission monitoring
Hamid Asadzadeh-Aghdaei, Leili Rejali, Mahyar Nourian, Vahid Chaleshi, Naghmeh Zamani, Shaghayegh Baradaran-Ghavami, Mohsen Nemati, Shabnam Shahrokh, Mohsen Norouzinia, Massoud Vosough, Ehsan Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad, Mohammadreza Zali
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:54 (25 February 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_24_22
Background:
Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are two major types of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are expressed in the innate immune system compartments, in charge of identifying a wide range of microorganisms. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of
TLR-2
, -
7
, and -
8
in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of UC patients as a novel non-invasive primary inflammation sensor for monitoring the clinical course of UC candidates.
Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, total RNA was extracted from the PBMC of 42 UC patients along with 20 healthy donors. The mRNA levels of
TLR-2
, -
7
, and -
8
were assessed using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain (qRT-PCR) reaction.
Results:
The present research study demonstrated no significant changes in
TLR-2
mRNA expression in UC patients in comparison with the control group (
P
= 0.1264), whereas significant elevation (
P
= 0.0008) was distinguished in the
TLR-7
expression of UC participants specifically during the remission course compared with healthy donors and flareup patients (
P
= 0.0004 and
P
= 0.0063, respectively). The last selected TLR,
TLR-8
was not shown remarkable changes either between UC patients and the control group or between clinical courses of the disease.
Conclusion:
Here, among three nominated TLRs for predicting UC patients,
TLR
-7 was potentially selected according to the significant difference in mRNA expression in flareup UC patients and control donors.
TLR
-7 could be used as a novel non-invasive biomarker for monitoring UC patients in the active course of the disease.
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Original Article:
Effect of nasturtium extract on oral cancer
Amid B Nilash, Jahanfar Jahanbani, Maryam Jolehar
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:53 (25 February 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_305_21
Background:
Considering the global prevalence of cancers and the complications of common cancer treatments, there is growing interest in using medicinal herbs to complement cancer treatments and reduce treatment's side effects. Therefore, we investigate the effect of the extract of Nasturtium on the viability of oral cancer cells.
Materials and Methods:
In this experimental study, we prepared aqueous extract from Nasturtium leaves and human oral cancer cells (OCC-24) and normal fibroblast cells (HF2FF cell line) from a cell bank. Then the toxic effect of different concentrations of the extract on cell viability after 24–48 hours of exposure was investigated with the methylthiazol tetrazolium assay. Ultimately, the optical density was measured at 570 nm by an Elisa Reader. Analysis of inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) was also performed. The data were analyzed by paired Student's t-test and one-way analysis of variance.
Results:
Data showed that the extract had statistically significant anticancer effects in concentrations above 0.125 mg/ml for 24-hour exposure and in concentrations above 0.5 mg/ml for 48-hour exposure (p-value <0.05). Also, this extract had an adverse effect on the viability of normal cells; however, this effect occurred in high doses of the extract (p-value <0.05). Analysis of IC50 criteria indicates that with increasing time, a higher concentration of the extract is required to inhibit the viability of cancer cells.
Conclusion:
Because of the results, this aqueous extract can be suggested as a potential therapeutic agent in oral cancer. The best concentration of the extract was found to be 1 mg/ml.
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Original Article:
Identification of cancer/testis antigens related to gastric cancer prognosis based on co-expression network and integrated transcriptome analyses
Sara Ansari, Parvaneh Nikpour
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:52 (25 February 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_400_21
Background:
Gastric cancer is a worldwide life-threatening cancer. The underlying cause of it is still unknown. We have noticed that some cancer/testis antigens (CTAs) are up-regulated in gastric cancer. The role of these genes in gastric cancer development is not fully understood. The main aim of the current study was to comprehensively investigate CTAs' expression and function in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD).
Materials and Methods:
A comprehensive list of CTA genes was compiled from different databases. Transcriptome profiles of STAD were downloaded from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database and analyzed. Differentially-expressed CTAs were identified. Pathway enrichment analysis, weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA), and overall survival (OS) analysis were performed on differentially-expressed CTA genes.
Results:
Pathway enrichment analysis indicates that CTA genes are involved in protein binding, ribonucleic acid processing, and reproductive tissues. WGCNA showed that six differentially-expressed CTA genes, namely Melanoma antigen gene (MAGE) family member A3, A6, A12 and chondrosarcoma associated gene (CSAG) 1, 2, and 3, were correlated. Up-regulation of MAGEA11, MAGEC3, Per ARNT SIM domain containing 1 (PASD1), placenta-specific protein 1 (PLAC1) and sperm protein associated with the nucleus X-linked family member (SPANXB1) were significantly associated with lower OS of patients.
Conclusion:
MAGEA11, MAGEC3, PASD1, PLAC1, and SPANXB1 can be investigated as prognostic biomarkers in basic and clinical studies. Further functional experiments are needed to understand the exact interaction mechanisms of these genes.
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Original Article:
Diagnosis of coronary artery disease based on machine learning algorithms support vector machine, artificial neural network, and random forest
Saeed Saeedbakhsh, Mohammad Sattari, Maryam Mohammadi, Jamshid Najafian, Farzaneh Mohammadi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:51 (25 February 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_383_21
Background:
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is known as the most common cardiovascular disease. The development of CAD is influenced by several risk factors. Diagnostic and therapeutic methods of this disease have many and costly side effects. Therefore, researchers are looking for cost-effective and accurate methods to diagnose this disease. Machine learning algorithms can help specialists diagnose the disease early. The aim of this study is to detect CAD using machine learning algorithms.
Materials and Methods:
In this study, three data mining algorithms support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network (ANN), and random forest were used to predict CAD using the Isfahan Cohort Study dataset of Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center. 19 features with 11495 records from this dataset were used for this research.
Results:
All three algorithms achieved relatively close results. However, the SVM had the highest accuracy compared to the other techniques. The accuracy was calculated as 89.73% for SVM. The ANN algorithm also obtained the high area under the curve, sensitivity and accuracy and provided acceptable performance. Age, sex, Sleep satisfaction, history of stroke, history of palpitations, and history of heart disease were most correlated with target class. Eleven rules were also extracted from this dataset with high confidence and support.
Conclusion:
In this study, it was shown that machine learning algorithms can be used with high accuracy to detect CAD. Thus, it allows physicians to perform timely preventive treatment in patients with CAD.
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Original Article:
Anti-biofilm potential of
Lactobacillus casei
and
Lactobacillus rhamnosus
cell-free supernatant extracts against
Staphylococcus aureus
Navid Saidi, Horieh Saderi, Parviz Owlia, Mohammad Soleimani
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:50 (25 February 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_156_21
Background:
Biofilm production is an important virulence factor in
Staphylococcus aureus
. Most of the infections associated with biofilms of this bacterium are very difficult to treat using antibiotics. The present research studied the effects of the two probiotic
Lactobacillus
species
L. casei
and
L. rhamnosus
on
S. aureus
biofilm.
Materials and Methods:
Cell-free supernatant (CFS) extracts of
L. casei
ATCC 39392 and
L. rhamnosus
ATCC 7469 culture were prepared. The effects of sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations of the CFS extracts on cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), initial attachment, biofilm formation, and their ability in eradicating
S. aureus
ATCC 33591 biofilms were assessed. In addition, the effects of CFS extracts on expression of the genes involved in formation of
S. aureus
biofilms (
cidA, hld, sarA, icaA,
and
icaR
) were also evaluated through real-time polymerase chain reaction.
Results:
CFSs of both
Lactobacillus
spp. significantly reduced CSH, initial attachment, and biofilm formation and eradicated the biofilms. The above findings were supported by scanning electron microscopy results. These two
Lactobacillus
CFSs significantly changed the expression of all studied biofilm-related genes. Expression levels of
cidA, hld
, and
icaR
genes significantly increased by 4.4, 2.3, and 4.76 fold, respectively, but
sarA
and
icaA
genes were significantly downregulated by 3.12 and 2.3 fold.
Conclusion:
The results indicated that CFS extracts of
L. casei
and
L. rhamnosus
had desirable antagonistic and anti-biofilm effects against
S. aureus
. Consequently, carrying out further research enables us to prepare pharmaceuticals from these CFSs in order to prevent and treat infections caused by
S. aureus
biofilms.
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Case Report:
Is coronavirus one of the new etiologies of facial nerve paralysis? A case report study
Milad Masaeli, Abbas Taher
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:49 (25 February 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_222_21
Coronaviruses are important pathogens in humans and animals. Two years ago, a new coronavirus was identified as the cause of pneumonia and adult respiratory distress syndrome. These viruses have many clinical features, and new features are created daily. Bell's palsy is sporadic facial nerve palsy. The main reason of Bell's palsy is not recognized. Many viruses, such as herpes simplex or herpes zosters, have been previously identified as Bell's palsy. This case report seeks to explain the occurrence of Bell's palsy in a patient infected with coronavirus. The polymerase chain reaction test of a 60-year-old woman was positive for SARS-CoV-2. Bell's palsy happened on the 2
nd
day of admission to intensive care unit and recovered by the 12
th
day. After ruling out other etiologies of Bell's palsy, coronavirus appears to be one of the new etiologies of Bell's palsy.
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Original Article:
Determination of the effectiveness of epinephrine spray on the papillae in preventing pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Mohammad Karami, Bahman Salemi, Mohammad Shafigh Ardestani
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:48 (25 February 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_321_21
Background:
As the most common complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is acute pancreatitis, researchers have paid due attention to minimize this complication using various drugs, one of which is epinephrine. Therefore, the present study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of epinephrine spray on the papilla in preventing post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP).
Materials and Methods:
The present double-blind clinical trial was performed on 164 patients undergoing ERCP. Patients in both groups received 50 mg rectal suppository as usual before ERCP. Then, during ERCP, epinephrine or normal saline was sprayed topically on the major papillae. After the intervention, patients were evaluated in terms of the incidence of PEP.
Results:
The results of the present study revealed that the incidence of PEP in the epinephrine and control groups was 2.4% and 4.9%, respectively (
P
> 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the incidence of bleeding after ERCP, number of accidental pancreatic duct cannulation, the increase in vision during common bile duct cannulations, the need for precut sphincterotomy, and the number of hospitalization days (
P
> 0.05). In addition, the chance of developing PEP was lower and higher in patients with higher ages (odds ratio [OR]: 0.86;
P
= 0.030) and biliary sludge (OR: 4.97;
P
= 0.042), respectively.
Conclusion:
As compared with indomethacin alone (control group), it seems that the administration of epinephrine can be effective in reducing the incidence of PEP, although this relationship was not recognized to be significant in this study and only the age and the presence of sludge had a negative and positive relationship with the incidence of PEP, respectively.
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Original Article:
Frequency of human platelet antigens −1 to −5 and −15 in Turkmen blood donors
Maedeh Nozarimirarkolaei, Maryam Dadashi, Ali Ghasemi, Shahram Samiee, Mojgan Shaeigan, Maryam Zadsar
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:47 (25 February 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_282_21
Background:
Due to the presence of platelet antigen polymorphisms, human platelet membrane glycoproteins can be identified as an alloantigen or autoantigen. The aim of this study was to determine the frequencies of human platelet antigens (HPAs)-1 to-5 and-15 in Turkmen blood donors and establish a panel of accredited HPAs negative donors as well as an HPA-typed platelet donor registry.
Materials and Methods:
HPA-1 to-5 and-15 typing was performed by the polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific primer techniques on 80 unrelated Turkmen donors who were referred to Aq-Qala Blood Transfusion Center in Golestan Province from September 2018 to October 2019.
Results:
The frequencies of HPA phenotypes were determined as follows: HPA-1aa: 92.5%, HPA-1ab: 7.5%, HPA-2aa: 77.5%, HPA-2ab: 20.0%, HPA-2bb: 2.5%, HPA-3aa: 75.3%, HPA-3ab: 50%, HPA-3bb: 11.2%, HPA-4aa: 100%, HPA-5aa: 78.5%, HPA-5ab: 21.5%, HPA-15aa: 41.2%, HPA-15ab: 56.2% and HPA-15bb: 17.5%.
Conclusion:
Determining the genotype of HPAs that play an important role in platelet refractory can improve the management of alloimmunization due to the incompatibility of HPAs between the recipients and donors. Therefore, the registration process for national platelet donors can help patients accelerate and improve the quality of transfused platelets.
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Original Article:
The effect of switching from volume-controlled to pressure-controlled ventilation on respiratory distress and asynchrony index improvement among mechanically ventilated adults
Mahmoud Saghaei, Saeed Abbasi, Babak Alikiaii, Sayed Hamid Pakzad Moghadam
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:46 (25 February 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_293_21
Background:
It is important to synchrony the time, intensity, and respiratory signal of the phrenic nerve between the patient and the ventilator. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of switching from volume-controlled to pressure-controlled ventilation on respiratory distress and asynchrony index improvement.
Materials and Methods:
In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 70 patients admitted to the intensive care unit under mechanical ventilation were included. Asynchronous evaluation was performed by examining the patient and evaluating and analyzing the graphic flow curve and ventilator pressure, which included trigger and flow asynchronous and asynchronous cycling. In the intervention group, the mode of ventilation was switched to PSIMV such that peak inspiratory pressures would be equivalent to positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in the volume-controlled mode. Finally, again at 60, 75, and 90 min, information about the ventilator and the patient's symptoms, and arterial carbon dioxide levels were sent by arterial gas sample. The asynchronous index was also recorded in both groups.
Results:
This study showed that the mean of variables such as height, ideal body weight, tidal volume, set rate; Sense, FiO
2
, PEEP did not differ significantly between the two groups. The mean of asynchrony was significantly reduced in both control group (16.51 ± 3.35–14.51 ± 2.90;
P
< 0.001) and intervention group (18.26 ± 6.13–13.32 ± 5.53;
P
< 0.001).
Conclusion:
Regardless of the type and severity of the disease, switching the ventilation mode from volume-controlled to pressure-controlled can improve patient adaptation to the ventilator, especially in cases with frequent asynchrony.
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Original Article:
A comparative study of the effect of intravenous morphine and ketorolac on pain control in patients with renal colic
Seyed Mehdi Pourafzali, Abdolrahim Sanei, Ali Abdolrazaghnejad, Elahe Poursadra
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:45 (25 February 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_278_21
Background:
The present study aimed at comparing the effect of ketorolac and morphine on the pain control in patients with renal colic.
Materials and Methods:
The present clinical trial was performed on 272 patients with renal colic that were divided into two groups. Patients in the first and second groups intravenously received morphine at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg and ketorolac at a dose of 30 mg, respectively. Then, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate (RR), and oxygen saturation percentage (SpO2) as well as patients' pain scores before and 5, 15, 30, 60, and 90 min after the intervention were recorded and evaluated.
Results:
The results of this study revealed that the mean pain scores of patients before and after the intervention were not significantly different between the two groups (
P
> 0.05). However, patients' pain significantly relieved over time in both groups (reduce: Morphine group = 9.4 and ketorolac group = 9.09;
P
< 0.001). In addition, nausea, dizziness, and a decreased SpO2 in the morphine group were 5.1%, 2.9%, and 1.5%, respectively, and in the ketorolac group only dizziness was 2.2% (
P
> 0.05).
Conclusion:
According to the results of this study, the efficacy of ketorolac in reducing patients' pain was not significantly different from that of morphine. Therefore, considering that the occurrence of complications in the ketorolac group was lower than that of the morphine group, it can be stated that ketorolac is a safer and more reliable drug than morphine in relieving pain in patients with renal colic.
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Original Article:
Hypothyroidism evaluation after radiotherapy of breast and supraclavicular in patients with breast cancer
Mohammad R Karimijavid, Abdolazim S Pashaki, Shiva Borzouei, Elham Khanlarzadeh, Mohammad H Gholami, Safoora Nikzad
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:44 (25 February 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_218_21
Background:
This study aims to evaluate the risk of hypothyroidism (HT) after radiotherapy (RT) of breast and supraclavicular in patients with breast cancer (BC).
Materials and Methods:
In a historical cohort study, the records of all patients with BC who had been referred to the Mahdieh radiotherapy Center of Hamadan from 2017 to 2019 were reviewed. Demographic characteristics, clinical information, previous and current used treatment methods (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy), number of RT sessions and doses, and HT (TSH >5 mIU/L) were extracted from the patient's documents. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16.
Results:
Out of 304 patients referred to the Center, 266 patients were investigated. The mean TSH was 6.3 ± 7.9 ml/L (1.5 to 65.4). Approximately half of the patients were in Stage 2 of the disease. 37 (16.4%) patients were diagnosed with HT, of which 8.8% were clinical, and 7.5% were subclinical. The mean total dose of HT patients (5621.62 ± 491.67) was significantly higher than other patients (5304.76 ± 937.98). 21 patients (56.8%) in Stage 3 and 4 and 16 (43.2%) patients in Stages 1 and 2 had HT (P = 0.006). Spearman correlation coefficient showed that there was a significant relationship between total dose and TSH hormone (r = 0.624), the number of RT sessions with TSH hormone (r = 0.237), and total dose with T4 hormone (r = -0.232).
Conclusion:
The findings of this study showed that the risk of HT increases significantly in patients with BC who undergo RT of breast and supraclavicular. Patients with higher stage, more radiation, and more RT sessions are at higher risk of HT.
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Original Article:
Bacterial superinfection and antibiotic management in patients with COVID-19 admitted to intensive care medicine in central Iran: A follow-up study
Zary Nokhodian, Soodabeh Rostami, Parisa Zeraatei, Marzieh Rahimkhorasani, Saeed Abbasi, Somayeh Sadeghi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:43 (25 February 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_82_22
Background:
Bacterial superinfections are one of the crucial challenges in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that are associated with a high mortality rate. The current study was designed to assess bacterial superinfections and antibiotic management in COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU).
Material and Methods:
Seventy-three adult intubated patients with COVID-19 were included in a cross-sectional study. The lung aspirate samples were collected in two stages and assessed for bacterial growth by standard methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer method as recommended by the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute guideline (2021 edition). Also, demographic and clinical data were collected. The statistical analysis was done by chisquare test and Student's
t
-test, and a
P
value <0.05 was considered significant.
Results:
Forty men and thirty-three women with a mean age of 64.78 ± 13.90 have included in our study. The mean length of hospitalization and stay in ICU were 18.77 ± 12.94 and 13.51 ± 9.83 days, respectively; 84.9% of cases died. Thirty-three patients had a bacterial superinfection mainly caused by
Klebsiella
spp and
Acinetobacter
spp; 21.2% of piperacillin/tazobactam consumers' patients survived that; the differences were significant (p = 0.034). A significant relationship was seen between superinfection and length of hospital stay until intubation (p = 0.033).
Conclusion:
Bacterial superinfection and mortality rates were relatively high in COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU. According to the results, using beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors antibiotics in hospitalized patients in ICU can effectively control superinfection.
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Original Article:
Construction and periplasmic expression of a bispecific tandem scFv for dual targeting of immune checkpoints
Amirreza Rashti, Vajihe Akbari
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:42 (25 February 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_31_22
Background:
Immune checkpoints are molecules that act as regulators of immune system pathways. However, some tumor cells can express the ligands of immune checkpoints to escape from antitumor immune responses. Some agents, such as antibodies, can inhibit these checkpoints that prevent the immune system from targeting and killing cancer cells. The aim of this study was to express a novel bispecific tandem scFv in periplasmic space of
Escherichia coli
for simultaneous targeting of two immune checkpoints, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1).
Materials and Methods:
The bispecific tandem scFv was constructed based on the variable regions gene of anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies. The optimum codon for expression in
E. coli
was chemically synthesized and subcloned in periplasmic expression plasmid. After transformation, the effect of cultivation conditions on periplasmic expression of the protein in
E. coli
BL21(DE3) was evaluated. Then, the bispecific tandem scFv was purified and its binding ability to cells expressing PD-1 and CTLA-4 was evaluated.
Results:
Expression of tandem scFv with a molecular weight of 55 kDa was verified by Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blotting analysis. The best condition for soluble periplasmic expression was obtained to be incubation with 0.5 mM isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside at 23°C. The protein was successfully purified using affinity chromatography with a final yield of 4.5 mg/L. Binding analysis confirmed the bioactivity of purified the tandem scFv.
Conclusion:
This bispecific tandem scFv could be a potential candidate to cancer immunotherapy, although more biological activity assessments are still required to be carried out.
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Original Article:
Analysis of the reporting requirements of clinical case reports dedicated Journals: Towards updating the CARE guideline
Abolfazl Taheri, Peyman Adibi, Alireza Abbasi, Mojtaba Sabbagh Jaffari, Alireza Rahimi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:41 (25 February 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_391_21
Background:
Following personalized medicine and the development of e-publishing, a large number of case report–dedicated journals have emerged. But the lack of integrated guidelines is a major obstacle to the quality of this evidence. The purpose of this study is to analyze the reporting requirements of case report–dedicated journals to update and strengthen the CARE guidelines.
Material and Methods:
Quantitative and qualitative research approach has been done using the content analysis method. All case report–dedicated journals were selected from Scopus (54 out of a total of 68 journals). By referring to these journals' websites, all the contents of the authors' guideline section and two sample articles were examined as a unit of analysis. Quantitative data includes frequency and percentile; qualitative data was conducted through open coding, creating categories, and abstraction.
Results:
51% of journals are related to Elsevier and Hindawi publications. 14.8% of journals have been launched in the form of companions. 52% of journals endorse the CARE guidelines. Among the CARE elements, title, consent form (100%), discussion, abstract (94.4%), and introduction (90.7%) had the most frequent elements, and timeline and patients' perspective had the least repetition in the authors' guideline. Also, 19 new reporting elements and 27 types of case reports were identified.
Conclusions:
Improving the reporting and content quality of case reports is very important to benefit from knowledge synthesis services. Medical journals publishing case reports should follow a more integrated process. An updated version of reporting guidelines needs to be available for publishers and editors of journals.
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Original Article:
The level of serum osmolarity at admission in prognosis of nosocomial mortality in patients with severe brain trauma
Maryam Ziaei, Mehdi Galavi, Alireza Bahmani, Ali Abdolrazaghnejad
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:40 (25 February 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_393_21
Background:
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death among patients in developed countries. The patients' prognosis depends on the trauma-induced primary damage as well as the secondary brain damage, including electrolyte disturbances. Therefore, prevention, diagnosis, and timely treatment lead to better prognosis. Herein, the aim is to prognosticate about the mortality in patients with TBI through serum osmolarity at admission.
Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, 141 patients with TBI were assigned through convenience sampling. The level of serum osmolarity was examined once the patients were admitted to emergency department and later, the outcome was recorded. Finally, we analyzed the relationship between osmolarity level and patient outcome in age groups.
Results:
The mean serum osmolarity in the age group of under 18 years, 18 to 60 years, and more than 60 years was equal to 295.3 ± 10.02 mOsm/L, 297.2 ± 6.5 mOsm/L, and 301.6 ± 7.6 mOsm/L, respectively (
P
-value <0.001). Osmolarity with a cut-off point of more than 298.90 and sensitivity and specificity of 70.49 and 62.86, respectively, had appropriate diagnostic value for predicting mortality in these patients (
P
-value <0.001).
Conclusion:
According to the results of this study, serum osmolarity can have an appropriate diagnostic value in predicting mortality in patients with TBI. In addition, in different age categories, the osmolarity serum in the mortality of these patients was significantly different. Therefore, due to the high importance of serum osmolarity in the mortality of patients, careful monitoring of fluid therapy status of trauma patients should be implemented to prevent the development of hyperosmolarity for the patient with irreversible outcomes.
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Original Article:
Is chronic kidney disease, a predictor of in-hospital mortality in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients?
Firouzeh Moeinzadeh, Vahideh Raeisi, Media Babahajiani, Mojgan Mortazavi, Samaneh Pourajam, Shiva Seirafian, Mohammad Shirzadi, Shahram Taheri, Mehrdad Salahi, Marjan Mansourian, Arash Toghyani, Zahra Zamani
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:39 (25 February 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_352_21
Background:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important comorbidity in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients considering its high prevalence. We aimed to figure out the relationship between CKD and COVID-19 mortality in this study.
Materials and Methods:
In total, 116 CKD patients (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] lower than 60 mL/min/1.73 m
2
) and 147 control subjects confirmed with COVID-19 were studied. Data regarding demographics, sign and symptoms, laboratory findings, and chest computed tomography were collected. Association between CKD and in-hospital mortality were analyzed using logistic regression models adjusted for confounders.
Results:
Mortality rate was significantly higher in CKD than non-CKD (30.17 vs 4.76,
P
< 0.001) COVID-19 patients. Multivariate logistic regression showed that CKD was significantly correlated with in-hospital mortality in the total sample (Odds ratio (OR) = 8.64, confidence interval (CI): 3.67–20.35) and gender subgroups (females: OR = 4.77, CI: 1.38–16.40, males: OR = 13.43, CI: 3.85–46.87) (
P
< 0.05) of COVID-19 patients in the crude model. Whereas, the correlation did not remain significant in the fully adjusted model in the total sample (OR = 1.70, CI: 0.35–8.19) and gender subgroups (females: OR = 1.07 CI: 0.06–19.82, males: OR = 0.87, CI: 0.07–10.33) (
P
> 0.05) of COVID-19 patients.
Conclusion:
This study suggested an independent association between CKD and in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, more intensive surveillance of COVID-19 patients with CKD is to be warranted.
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Original Article:
The value of inferior vena cava ultrasonography administration for hypovolemia detection in patients with acute kidney injury hospitalized in intensive care unit
Saeed Abbasi, Kourosh Nemati, Babak Alikiaii, Mahmood Saghaei
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:38 (25 February 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_394_21
Background:
The hypo-perfusion of the kidneys can lead to impairment in renal function and induce renal injury in case of delayed diagnosis and treatment. To date, laboratory markers are routinely used to determine the fluid volume status of the patients. The current study aims to evaluate the values of inferior vena cava (IVC) collapsibility index in hypovolemia diagnosis among critical patients admitted at the intensive care unit (ICU).
Materials and Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study performed on 67 patients admitted to the ICU due to acute kidney injury from May 2018 to October 2019. Hypovolemia was assessed assessing IVC collapsibility using ultrasonography. Laboratory data, including urine osmolality, urine-plasma creatinine ratio, sodium excretion fraction and urinary sodium level were checked. Afterward, IVC collapsibility index was measured for each patient using ultrasonography and the values of this index in accordance with the mentioned criteria was evaluated. Accordingly, reciever operating curve was depicted.
Results:
There was no significant asosociation between IVC collapsibility index with fractional excretion of sodium (
P
= 0.69), urine Na (
P
= 0.93) and urine osmolality ([
P
= 0.09]), while urine: Plasma creatinie ration revealed a significant association with IVC collapsibility index at cut point of 40.5% with sensitivity and specificity of 96% and 44% (
P
= 0.017, area under the curve: 0.67, 95% confidence interval: 0.551–0.804), respectively.
Conclusion:
According to the findings of this study, IVC collapsibility detected via ultrasonography was not an appropriate index to figure out hypovolemia in ICU patients. Furthermore, detailed studies are recommended.
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Original Article:
Evaluating daily cell-phone use in elderly and its effect on lifestyle, Isfahan comprehensive health care centers
Zahra Amini Pozveh, Ashkan Shariat, Neda Tavakoli Moghadam
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:37 (25 February 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_325_21
Background:
The seniors' lifestyle is an important public-health issue. Hence, assessing the association of cell phone use as a rapidly spreading technology on older adults' lifestyle can be useful for planning prevention and health-promotion policies.
Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2020 to March 2021 in Isfahan Comprehensive Health Care Centers to investigate the impact of cell phone use on the lifestyle of the elderly. The Cell-Phone Over-Use Scale and the lifestyle checklist were the assessment tools employed for this purpose.
Results:
Of the 300 participants with a mean age of 67.93 ± 5.14 years, 46% were male and 54% female. The average value of cell phone usage score was 47.88 ± 26.56, which was categorized into low 36%, moderate 41%, and overuse 23%. A positive and significant correlation was reported between the level of cell phone use in males (β =10.711, [0.95 confidence interval {CI} =4.262–17.160]) and people who have used a substance or opium in the past year (β =10.819, [0.95 CI = 3.677–17.961]). The present results found no significant association between cell phone use patterns and age, level of education, body mass index, television time, sports time, smoking in the past year, marital relationship, and living alone.
Conclusion:
In this study, we demonstrated a correlation between cell phone use and some demographic and lifestyle variables, namely sex and drug abuse.
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Review Article:
Effectiveness of using face masks and personal protective equipment to reducing the spread of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of case–control studies
Maryam Hajmohammadi, Amal Saki Malehi, Elham Maraghi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:36 (25 February 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_337_21
Recently published researches show that 59% of all transmission came from asymptomatic transmission and at the time of diagnosis health-care workers (HCWs) tend to present without respiratory symptoms. These evidences have raised questions on whether an essential policy for use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is the best approach in HCW and other people or not. Therefore, this study conducted to investigate the effectiveness of using face masks and PPE in reducing the spread of COVID-19 in health-care and non-health-care settings. This systematic review and meta-analysis study was prepared according to the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis statement and guided by meta-analysis of observational studies recommendations. Searches in databases were conducted from December 2019 to July 2021. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed to investigate the effect of using face masks and PPE on spread of COVID-19. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using Cochran's Q test and the
I
2
metrics. In total, 9920 individuals from 14 studies were included in this study. In all settings, application of PPE or any type of masks was associated with reduction in risk of COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.29, 0.65];
I
2
= 85.21%). In the HCW subgroup, the protective effect had a combined OR of 0.33 (95% CI: (0.15,0.73),
I
2
= 82.61%). Six studies were found protective effects of wearing mask in non-HCWs (OR = 0.58, 95% CI: (0.31, 1.06),
I
2
= 85.63%). Results suggest that there is association between face mask/PPE use and reduction of COVID-19.
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Original Article:
Comparison of success rate and safety of nasotracheal intubation by conventional and finger-guided method in patients undergoing maxillofacial surgery
Seyed Jalal Hashemi, Hamidreza Shetabi, Reihanak Talakoub, Avishan Aminizad
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:35 (25 February 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_255_21
Background:
Different techniques have been introduced to reduce the complications of nasotracheal intubation. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of nasotracheal intubation complications in finger-guided and conventional methods.
Materials and Methods:
In this double-blind randomized trial study, 70 patients who were candidates for oral and maxillofacial surgery who required nasal intubation were included in the study finally of which 33 patients with conventional method and 35 patients with finger-guided tubes in the nasopharynx were analyzed at the end of the study. Variables such as success rate, hemodynamic response, and complications of intubation were compared between the two groups.
Results:
There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of hemodynamic response to intubation (
P
> 0.05). There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of success in tracheal intubation (
P
< 0.05). There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of epistaxis immediately after intubation (
P
< 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of nasal turbine fractures (
P
> 0.05). However, the frequency of submucosal intubation in the conventional method was significantly higher than the other group (
P
= 0.02).
Conclusion:
Nasotracheal intubation using the finger guiding technique in the nasopharynx is associated with a higher success rate and less complications after intubation such as epistaxis and submucosal intubation compared to the conventional method.
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Original Article:
Evaluation of the relative frequency of Epstein–Barr virus infection in patients with recurrent breast cancer compared with patients with nonrecurrent breast cancer
Reza Eshraghi Samani, Masoumeh Safaee, Pardis Nematollahi, Babak Amraei
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:34 (25 February 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_381_21
Background:
The roles of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in breast cancer and breast lymphoma by transfecting EBV DNA have been indicated in different studies, but few investigations have been conducted on its roles in recurrence of breast cancer. Here, we aimed to evaluate the roles of EBV in recurrent breast cancer tissue.
Materials and Methods:
This is a cross-sectional retrospective study that was performed in 2020–2021 in Isfahan on patients with breast cancer. The study population consisted of 30 tissue samples from recurrent breast cancer and 30 samples from nonrecurrent breast cancer. We collected demographic data of patients including age using a checklist. Other collected data were type of cancer, stages of cancer, tumor size in greatest dimension, lymph node involvements, and presence of metastasis. Furthermore, we evaluated all of the pathology samples from both groups for the presence of DNA of EBV and compared the data of both groups.
Results:
The DNA of EBV was positive in 8 patients of the relapsed group (26.6%) and 7 patients in the nonrelapsed patients (23.3%). There was no significant difference between two groups regarding positive DNA of EBV (
P
= 0.39). There were no significant differences between two groups of positive DNA of EBV with and without recurrent breast cancer regarding type of cancer (
P
= 0.63), stage of cancer (
P
= 0.19), tumor size in greatest dimension (
P
= 0.31), mean lymph node involvement (
P
= 0.27), number of lymph node involvement (
P
= 0.43), and metastasis (
P
= 0.69).
Conclusion:
EBV might have no significant role in recurrence of breast cancer.
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Review Article:
What are the effects of climate variables on COVID-19 pandemic? A systematic review and current update
Malihe Moazeni, Mohammad Rahimi, Afshin Ebrahimi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:33 (25 February 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_145_21
The climatological parameters can be different in various geographical locations. Moreover, they have possible impacts on COVID-19 incidence. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review article was to describe the effects of climatic variables on COVID-19 pandemic in different countries. Systematic literature search was performed in Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and PubMed databases using (“Climate” OR “Climate Change” OR “Global Warming” OR “Global Climate Change” OR “Meteorological Parameters” OR “Temperature” OR “Precipitation” OR “Relative Humidity” OR “Wind Speed” OR “Sunshine” OR “Climate Extremes” OR “Weather Extremes”) AND (“COVID” OR “Coronavirus disease 2019” OR “COVID-19” OR “SARS-CoV-2” OR “Novel Coronavirus”) keywords. From 5229 articles, 424 were screened and 149 were selected for further analysis. The relationship between meteorological parameters is variable in different geographical locations. The results indicate that among the climatic indicators, the temperature is the most significant factor that influences on COVID-19 pandemic in most countries. Some studies were proved that warm and wet climates can decrease COVID-19 incidence; however, the other studies represented that warm location can be a high risk of COVID-19 incidence. It could be suggested that all climate variables such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, precipitation, solar radiation, ultraviolet index, and wind speed could cause spread of COVID-19. Thus, it is recommended that future studies will survey the role of all meteorological variables and interaction between them on COVID-19 spread in specific small areas such as cities of each country and comparison between them.
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Original Article:
Examination of the topical effect of the combination of
Plantago ovata
and vinegar on the improvement of rural cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions
Mohammad Ebrahimzadeh Ardakani, Majid Emtiazy, Mohammad Hassan Lotfi, Mehrdad Mousavi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:32 (25 February 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_376_21
Background:
The present study aimed at investigating the topical effect of the combination of
Plantago ovata
and vinegar on the improvement of rural cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions.
Materials and Methods:
The present randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial was performed on 42 patients with rural skin leishmaniasis. In the case group, in addition to injecting glucantime into the lesion according to the latest national instructions, a combination of
P. ovata
and vinegar was applied topically twice a day for 8 weeks. In the control group, only glucantime injection into the lesion was performed for 8 weeks according to the latest national guidelines. At the end of the 1
st
, 2
nd
, 3
rd
, 4
th
, 8
th
, and 12
th
weeks after the intervention, the lesion area and improvement were evaluated and recorded.
Results:
The results of the present study indicated the lesion area in the case group with the mean of 0.35 ± 0.39 cm and 0.18 ± 0.27 cm in the 8
th
and 12
th
weeks, respectively was significantly less than that of the control group with the mean of 0.64 ± 0.78 cm and 0.56 ± 0.44, respectively (
P
< 0.05). Twelve weeks after the intervention, 84.1% of the lesions in the case group and 65.9% of the lesions in the control group were completely improved (
P
< 0.05).
Conclusion:
According to the results of the present study, the improvement of leishmaniasis lesion with the topical application of the combination of
P. ovata
and vinegar was significantly more than that of the control group in the 8
th
and 12
th
weeks after the intervention.
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Original Article:
SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among health-care workers in Isfahan, Iran
Soodabeh Rostami, Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard, Zary Nokhodian, Nazila Kassaian, Ali Zamani, Zohreh Tahvilian, Parto Nasri, Maryam Nasirian, Behrooz Ataei
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:31 (25 February 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_201_21
Background:
Health-care workers (HCWs) are in the frontline for fighting the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and are at higher risk of acquiring the infection. Therefore, the defining immunity status among HCWs helps mitigate the exposure risk. In this study, we investigated the anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) and also the associated risk factors in the HCWs working in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences COVID-19 referral hospitals.
Materials and Methods:
In a cross-sectional study, demographics, COVID-19 symptoms during the past 2 weeks, and health-care details were collected from 200 consenting health workers of COVID-center-hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences from 23 October to 21 December 2020. The recombinant SARS-CoV2 nucleocapsid protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based IgM, and IgG antibody tests were evaluated. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and independent-
t
-student tests, and
P
< 0.05 was considered significant.
Results:
One hundred and forty-one women and 59 men with a mean age of 36.4 ± 7.77 years participated in the study. IgG Ab and IgM Ab were positive in 77 (38.5%) and 12 (6%) of samples, respectively, and both antibodies were detected in 9 (4.5%). Higher ages, direct contact with the patients with COVID-19, muscle pain, loss of taste and smell, fever, and cough were the factors associated with antibody seropositivity against SARS-CoV2.
Conclusion:
This study demonstrated that the prevalence of HCWs with antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 is relatively high in Isfahan University referral hospitals. The development of safety protocols and screening and vaccination strategies in the frontline HCWs must be implemented to reduce the burden of infection.
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Original Article:
Comparison of the effectiveness of two types of commercial endotracheal tube holders, with the conventional method in a manikin model
Mehdi Nasr Isfahani, Alireza Abootalebi, Khatere Ghaznavi, Leila Kamali Dolatabadi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:30 (25 February 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_192_21
Background:
Endotracheal intubation is employed to create a safe airway in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The relatively high prevalence rate of unplanned displacement of the endotracheal tube (ETT) can be associated with serious complications. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a newly designed tube holder in Iran (Irafit), the Thomas ETT holder and the traditional method using adhesive tape.
Materials and Methods:
The present manikin-based study was performed on the human mannequin. For this purpose, the mannequin was first subjected to oral intubation by a skilled emergency medicine specialist. Then, three methods of adhesive tape, Irafit-ETT holder, and Thomas-ETT holder were used. The mean of displacement in width of the mouth, length of the ETT, and depth as well as ETT removal was recorded.
Results:
The results of the present study revealed that the displacement in depth was significantly less in the Irafit-ETT holder as compared with the other two groups following the application of a tug (
P
< 0.001). The displacement in the length of the ETT with and without the application of a tug was significantly less in the Irafit-ETT holder and Thomas-ETT holder groups as compared with the adhesive tape group (
P
< 0.001).
Conclusion:
According to the results of the present study, it can be stated that both ETT holder devices (Thomas vs. Irafit) were not distinct in terms of displacements in length and width; however, the Iranian model was more successful in minimizing the displacement in depth.
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Original Article:
The effect of Vitamin D supplement on the relapsing incidence of rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis after fuctional endoscpoic sinus surgery
Hossein Ghazavi, Sayed Mostafa Hashemi, Samaneh Jafari
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:29 (25 February 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_237_21
Background:
Nasal polyp (NP) is the most common benign tumor that can cause nasal obstruction and more annoying problems in patients. Recently, investigators have been focusing on complementary therapies alone or in conjunction with endoscopic nasal and sinus surgery. However, given the association of Vitamin D (VD) deficiency and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) in previous studies, it may be possible to prevent the recurrence of NP and the development of rhinosinusitis by controlling serum levels of VD and maintaining it at a normal level. The current study aimed to investigate the efficacy of VD supplementation in preventing CRSwNP recurrence after endoscopic surgery.
Materials and Methods:
This clinical trial composed of vitamin D deficient patients with CRSwNP who were candidates for endoscopic sinus surgery in two groups of cases and controls. After endoscopic sinus surgery for all patients, we administered VD supplementation (50,000 IU) once a week for 8 weeks for cases and no further intervention for controls. The severity of symptoms was assessed using Sino-nasal outcome test (SNOT-22) and NP recurrence and recorded pre- and postintervention.
Results:
The findings indicated a higher mean change of SNOT-22 in the case group compared to that of the control group (36.03 ± 10.71 vs. 29.90 ± 11.99;
P
= 0.041). Moreover, the percentage of NP recurrence in cases was lower than controls; so that receiving VD supplementation has significantly reduced the chance of NP recurrence (odd ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.298 [0.099–0.900];
P
= 0.032).
Conclusion:
According to the result of the study, the administration of VD supplementation after endoscopic sinus surgery can reduce the severity of CRSwNP symptoms and NP recurrence significantly.
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Original Article:
The effects of 4-week aerobic exercise on the levels of CCL2, CCL5, and their respective receptors in female BALB/C mice suffering from breast cancer
Mehrnoosh Esmailiyan, Mehdi Kargarfard, Fahimeh Esfarjani, Golnaz Vaseghi, Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard, Atefeh Amerizadeh
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:28 (25 February 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_288_21
Background:
The studies reported that chemokines Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) and Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) have tumor-promoting roles in breast cancer (BC). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of 4 weeks of continuous aerobic exercise (AE) on chemokines CCL2 and CCL5 and their relative receptors in animal model of human BC.
Materials and Methods:
BALB/c mice were divided randomly into four groups included cancer control (CC) and three other groups. The total duration of the experiment was 14 weeks, including 2 weeks of familiarization of mice with treadmills and three of 4-week periods of experiment. Tumor inoculation and formation were performed in the second 4-week period. Group 1 received AE in the first 4-week, Group 2 received AE in the second 4-week and Group 3 in the third 4-week.
Results:
The CCL2 was reduced significantly in Groups 1, 2, and 3 compared to control (F
3,12
= 4705,
P
= 0.0001). In terms of CCL5, a significant decrease was seen only between Group 3 and control. Western blot results showed a significant reduction in C-C chemokine receptor Type 2 (CCR2) between Group 1 versus CC and Group 2 versus CC (F
3,20
= 1.812,
P
= 0.004). In terms of C-C chemokine receptor Type 5 (CCR5) a significant decrease was observed between Group 2 versus control and Group 3 versus control (F
3,20
= 273.3,
P
= 0.042), (
P
= 0.004).
Conclusion:
It can be concluded that 4-week AE significantly reduces the chemokines CCL2 and CCL5 and their respective receptors levels CCR5 and CCR2 in different stages, and it may have an inhibitory effect on tumor growth.
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Original Article:
Effect of pioglitazone on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in morbid obese patients; a randomized controlled trial
Masoud Sayadishahraki, Sam Mirfendereski, Ali Kachuei, Aryan Rafiee Zadeh, Abbas Mirghaderi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:27 (25 February 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_354_21
Background:
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common obesity-related disease. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of pioglitazone on NAFLD in morbid obese patients.
Materials and Methods:
This is a randomized controlled trial study that was performed in 2020–2021 on 44 patients who had grade 3 NAFLD. At the beginning of the study, we collected the following data: age, gender, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBS), lipid profile, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and the total size and volume of the liver and the left lobe of the liver. Patients in the control group were given a special diet. For patients in the treatment group, pioglitazone 15 mg tablets were administered twice daily for 4 months.
Results:
At the beginning of the study, all patients in both groups had grade 3 of NAFLD. After the treatments, 50% of the pioglitazone group had grade 1 NAFLD, and 50% of other patients had grade 2 that showed significant improvements in patients (
P
< 0.001). We also found significant improvements in the following items in the intervention group: liver size (
P
< 0.001), size of the left liver lobe (
P
< 0.001), FBS (
P
= 0.036), ALT (
P
= 0.011), and BMI (
P
< 0.001). No significant improvements were found in the control group (
P
> 0.05).
Conclusion:
The use of pioglitazone for 4 months resulted in improvements in fatty liver stage, liver size, BMI, FBS, and lipid profile. These data show the effectiveness of pioglitazone in NAFLD.
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Original Empirical Article:
Comparing the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group therapy and mindfulness and acceptance group therapy for adults who stutter: A randomized clinical trial
Soroush Khoshnam, Banafsheh Gharraee, Ahmad Ashouri
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:26 (25 February 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_322_21
Background:
Considering the importance of psychological interventions for adults who stutter (AWS), the present study compared the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy (CBGT) and Mindfulness and Acceptance Group Therapy (MAGT), in combination with Speech Therapy (ST) in AWS.
Materials and Methods:
A randomized clinical trial was conducted with 36 AWS in Tehran and Alborz provinces in Iran from September-2019 to September-2020. Participants were assigned to CBGT + ST and MAGT + ST groups. Outcomes variables, the fear of negative evaluation scale (FNE) and the social avoidance and distress scale (SAD), were measured at four stages: (1) pretest, (2) after MAGT/CBGT, (3) after ST, and (4) at 6-month follow-up.
Results:
The results of repetitive measure-analysis on variance showed that CBGT + ST and MAGT + ST were significantly effective (
P
= 0.001 and
P
= 0.003) on SAD. The same analysis showed that CBGT + ST was significantly effective (
P
= 0.001) on FNE. The results of Analysis of Covariance showed that there was no significant difference between CBGT + ST and MAGT + ST on SAD but CBGT + ST was more effective than MAGT + ST at stage 3 (
P
< 0.05) on FNE.
Conclusion:
Data indicated that CBGT + ST and MAGT + ST were both effective for SAD of AWS. Regarding FNE, unlike MAGT + ST, CBGT was effective either alone or in combination with ST for AWS. Further studies are needed to confirm the results of this study.
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Case Report:
Delirium in a child in pediatric intensive care unit
Nazanin Zibanejad
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:25 (25 February 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_196_21
Delirium is a syndrome with an acute onset that is accompanied by fluctuation and is associated with behaviors that indicate impaired consciousness and cognition. It is common and costly and is associated with severe functional decline and distress in an adult. However, its detection and diagnosis are so challenging in children. Herein, we report a 2-year-old girl who was admitted in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with pneumonia and was intubated because of respiratory failure. She needed a lot of benzodiazepine and opioid drugs to be sedated. During hospital course after extubation, she developed by agitation and restlessness and dissociation from environment. Electroencephalography was done and diffuse generalized slow wave was observed. Finally, by environmental factors' correction, benzodiazepine decreasing, and risperidone administering, she became well and discharged. Delirium should be considered as an important, underdiagnosed, and common condition in the PICU. It should be considered in altered cognition, consciousness, and circadian rhythm disturbance situation in children.
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Original Article:
Effect of 5'-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine and sodium butyrate on the gene expression of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, p21, p27, and p53 genes expression, cell viability, and apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines
Masumeh Sanaei, Fraidoon Kavoosi, Mohsen Safari
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:24 (25 February 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_211_21
Background:
Epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in the regulation of gene expression and genetic information. DNA methyltransferases are a family of enzymes that methylate DNA at the promoter region of the gene which can significantly contribute to gene silencing and carcinogenesis. In addition, histone deacetylation leads to gene silencing and tumorigenesis. Our previous work indicated that histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors can induce its apoptotic role through down-regulation of HDACs. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 5'-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine (FdCyd) and sodium butyrate on the genes of intrinsic apoptotic pathway (BAX, BAK and APAF1, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL), p21, p27, and p53 gene expression, cell viability, and apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B, SMMC-7721, and HA22T/VGH cell lines
.
Materials and Methods:
The Hep3B, SMMC-7721, and HA22T/VGH cells were cultured and treated with FdCyd and sodium butyrate. To determine cell viability, cell apoptosis, and the relative gene expression level, MTT assay, flow cytometry assay, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were done, respectively.
Results:
Both compounds induced significant cell growth inhibition and cell apoptosis significantly (
P
< 0.0001). Sodium butyrate up-regulated the BAX, BAK, APAF1, p21, p27, and p53 and down-regulated Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL significantly in all three cell lines. Similar results were observed in the Hep3B, and SMMC-7721 cell lines treated with FdCyd. It has no significant effect on p53 gene expression in HA22T/VGH. The expression of the other genes in this cell line was similar to other cell lines.
Conclusion:
Both compounds induced their roles through the intrinsic apoptotic pathway to induce cell apoptosis.
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Original Article:
Evaluation of the negative effects of opium tincture on memory and hippocampal neurons in the presence of chicory extract
Alireza Bakhshayesh, Roghayeh Eslami Farsani, Reihaneh Seyedebrahimi, Shima Ababzadeh, Fatemeh Heidari, Mohsen Eslami Farsani
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:23 (31 January 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_210_21
Background:
Due to the high prevalence of addiction in society and the need to its attention, various methods are used for addiction withdrawal. The side effects of some methods restrict their use and increase the risk of recurrence. One of the Iranian useful methods is consumption of opium tincture (OT) that may cause brain structure and memory defects. Hence, this study aimed the effects of different doses of OT on memory and hippocampal neurons with the use of an antioxidant such as various concentrations chicory.
Materials and Methods:
In the present study, 70 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 10 groups and the effect of various doses of chicory extract and OT were assessed on memory by the passive avoidance test. The neurons and astrocyte cells numbers in dentate gyrus were investigated, using histological examination.
Results:
In passive avoidance test, the total time in dark compartment was significantly more in groups with 100 and 75 μl OT compared with control and normal saline groups (
P
< 0.001). Traffic number results showed that there was a significant difference between T100 and control groups (
P
> 0.05). Moreover, initial latency time was significantly shorter in groups with 75 and 100 μl of OT compared with control and normal saline groups (
P
< 0.05). However, the presence 250 mg/kg of chicory increases granular layer thickness of dentate gyrus and number of neurons.
Conclusion:
The use of 250 mg/kg of chicory extract may be promising strategy for inducing neurogenesis and this dose could prevent neural damage.
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Original Article:
Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices of health care professionals working in jumbo COVID care center towards mental health care needs: A cross sectional survey
Neelam N Andrade, Minal Madhukar Kshirsagar, Tanvi Andrade, Vaibhav V Bandgar, Sandeep Pimpale, Ankush Chavan
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:22 (31 January 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_295_20
Background:
The present COVID-19 pandemic is a major threat worldwide. Health professionals being within the front line of the COVID-19 outbreak response are at the highest risk of getting infected. Such pandemics are always associated with ill effects on mental health also.
Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study included all the health care professionals working in the Jumbo COVID Care Center, Mumbai. Details of health care professionals were obtained from the authority of Jumbo COVID Care Center, Mumbai. Amongst 350 health care professionals, 285 responded (Response rate: 81.42%). A questionnaire, consisting of 19 structured, self-administered, and closed-ended questions, was employed online, and information regarding age, gender, profession, etc., was collected. It was then tabulated and subjected further to an analysis.
Results:
Most health care professionals (96.1%) were aware that COVID-19 is not only affecting physical but mental health too, also posts on social media (86.3%) are affecting mental health more than the actual disease. A total of 95.8% agreed that health care/frontline workers are at the highest risk and felt the need for psychiatrists in the present pandemic. (81.4%) They were also worried thinking about elderly people with comorbidities in their homes. (82.1%).
Conclusion:
From the present study, it can be concluded that the present pandemic is affecting not only physical but mental health also, and there is an increased need for psychiatrists and mental health care professionals to overcome the same.
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Case Report:
A rare case of humerus synovial sarcoma originated from bone tissue: Case report
Mohsen Heidari, Mehdi Izadi, Saeed Hatami
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:21 (30 January 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_385_21
Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that is relatively common in the distal extremities. Primary SS of bone is an extremely rare finding. Here in this report, we present a 44-year-old male patient referred with bone and later bone fracture that was finally diagnosed with primary SS of thumerus. So far, 13 documented cases of primary SS of the bone have been reported. The current case is the second known case of primary SS of humerus. Our case was treated with both neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapies associated with surgical tumor removal and prosthesis implantation. Follow-up of the case demonstrated significant remission but with late metastasis and subsequent advanced chemotherapy regimens.
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Review Article:
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in viral infections disease, specially COVID-19
Narges Chamkouri, Forouzan Absalan, Zahra Koolivand, Mahsa Yousefi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:20 (30 January 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_148_21
During the current SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic, some reports were presented based on those nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids may exacerbate symptoms in COVID-19 patients. According to this, we aimed to collate information available in published articles to identify any evidence behind these statements with the aim of helping clinicians on how best to treat patients. We could not find published conclusive evidence for or against the use of NSAIDs in COVID-19 patients. Meanwhile, there appeared to be some evidence that corticosteroids may be beneficial if utilized in the early acute phase of infection, however, conflicting WHO (World Health Organization) evidence surrounding corticosteroid use in certain viral infections means this evidence is not conclusive. Given the current availability of literature, caution should be exercised until further evidence emerges surrounding the use of NSAIDs and corticosteroids in COVID-19 patients. However, the availability of reliable information for clinicians and patients is paramount.
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Brief Report:
Phospholipase activity of
Candida
species isolated from diabetic patients
Negar Amini, Rasoul Mohammadi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:19 (27 January 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_87_22
Background:
Candidiasis is one of the prevalent fungal infections caused by the genus
Candida
. The clinical manifestation ranges from mucocutaneous colonization to disseminated and fatal infections such as candidemia. Diabetes mellitus is one of the significant predisposing factors for this fungal infection.
Candida
spp. may release many exoenzymes such as phospholipase to debilitate the immune system and facilitate adherence and invasion of the fungus to the host cells. The aim of the present study is evaluation of phospholipase activity of
Candida
species isolated from candidemia and gastroesophageal candidiasis (GEC) among diabetic patients.
Materials and Methods:
Eighty-three
Candida
isolates were evaluated for enzyme activity by phenotypic (the precipitation zone around the colonies) and molecular methods (detection of phospholipase genes using duplex polymerase chain reaction with specific primers).
Results:
Eight out of eighty-three clinical isolates (9.6%) were negative for phospholipase production. All phospholipase producers among candidemia and GEC isolates were categorized in high production group.
Conclusions:
Our findings revealed no differences in phospholipase activity among isolates obtained from different body sites (blood, oesophagus and stomach); however, non-
albicans Candida
species had less phospholipase activity.
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Case Report:
Therapeutic utilization of zinc supplementation concurrent with ozone therapy ameliorates diabetic foot ulcer and attenuates serum level of C-reactive protein- A case report study
Reza Dadfar, Layasadat Khorsandi, Reza Goujani, Seyyed Farid Mousavi, Zahra Aslani
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:18 (27 January 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_11_22
Non-healing diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the main complications in diabetic patients. This case reported a 65-year-old male with a neuropathic ulcer in the right foot came to Ahwaz Wound Clinic after the wound had not healed with routine treatments. In addition to the routine treatment program, we used tropical ozone therapy and autohemotherapy (blood ozone therapy) for 2 months. Zinc supplementation (50 mg) was also administered daily during the treatment. The DFU was clearly healed with diminishing inflammation and wound closing, and there were no side effects. Additionally, the C-reactive protein level was obviously decreased during the treatment indicating effective suppression of infection. This way indicates a helpful new intervention approach to the treatment of DFU.
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Original Article:
Hormone therapy with or without platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for treatment Asherman syndrome; A randomized clinical trial
Elham Naghshineh, Safoura Rouholamin, Zahra Derakhshandeh
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:17 (27 January 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_411_21
Background:
Asherman syndrome is a controversial issue in obstetrics and gynecology without any consensus on its management and treatment. It is characterized by variable lesions inside the uterine cavity and also causes menstrual irregularities, infertility, and placental abnormalities. The study aimed to assess the platelet-rich plasma (PRP) effect in women with intrauterine adhesions by evaluating the improvement of the menstrual cycle and intrauterine adhesion (IUA) stage.
Materials and Methods:
This clinical trial study was performed on 60 women with Asherman syndrome in two groups of 30. For the first group, only hormone therapy was performed and for the second group, hormone therapy with platelet-rich plasma after hysteroscopy. Recovery of Asherman syndrome and IUA stage was assessed at 6 to 8 weeks after hysteroscopy and compared between the two groups.
Results:
Our results demonstrated that there was no significant difference between demographic data in the two groups as well as the menstrual pattern of both groups before or after treatment (
P
> 0.05). Frequency distribution of IUA after the intervention in the PRP + hormone therapy group in grade I, II, and III were equal to 73.3%, 20%, and 6.7% and in the hormone therapy group were 53.3%, 26.7%, and 20%, respectively (
P
= 0.22). In addition, hypo menorrhea was observed in 33.3% of PRP + hormone therapy group and 40% of the hormone therapy group with no significant difference between the two groups (
P
= 0.71).
Conclusion:
Hormone therapy with PRP compared to hormone therapy alone after routine surgical treatment had not a significant effect on the IUA stage, duration, and severity of menstruation.
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Original Article:
Antidepressants and the risk of psoriasis induction: A case–control study
Seyedeh-Fatemeh Sadatmadani, Amir Hossein Siadat, Fariba Iraji, Fereshteh Alsahebfosoul
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:16 (27 January 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_88_21
Background:
Psoriasis (PSO) is a common chronic autoimmune skin disease with a significant psycho-socio-economic burden. Some antidepressants (ADs) such as fluoxetine and bupropion can induce or exacerbate PSO. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between ADs history before PSO onset, and the risk of PSO induction, in Isfahan province, Iran.
Materials and Methods:
In this case–control study, 80 patients with PSO were selected by non-probability sampling method, and 80 healthy individuals were selected using simple random sampling. They were interviewed and medical information was recorded. Chi-square, Mann–Whitney, and Kruskal–Wallis tests for dichotomous or categorical data, and independent-sample t test for continuous data were used. Statistical significance was taken as
P
≤ 0.05.
Results:
In this case–control study, a total of 160 individuals, 80 participants in each group, were included. The mean age of the total samples was 44.8 ± 16 years. Forty-three percent of the individuals were women. PSO familial history in the cases was significantly higher than the control group (OR = 11.94,
P
= 0.001). It was revealed that use of ADs by patients before PSO induction, was greater than the controls (OR = 2.78,
P
= 0.058).
Conclusions:
Past history of ADs in the cases before PSO onset, was higher than the controls, indicating a possible association between ADs and the risk of PSO induction. This study can be effective to pay more attention to the possible complications of ADs and PSO risk factors. Accurate knowledge of PSO risk factors will be useful for better management and morbidity reduction.
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Original Article:
Diagnostic value of epigastric ultrasound and suprasternal notch ultrasound in comparison with standard capnography in confirmation of endotracheal tube placement after intubation
Saeed Majidinejad, Farhad Heydari, Mohamadreza Asadolahian
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:15 (27 January 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_37_21
Background:
Endotracheal intubation is the basic method of providing a safe cross-sectional airway area and the incorrect placement can be dangerous and causes complications. So this study aimed to access the diagnostic value of color Doppler epigastric ultrasound and linear probe suprasternal notch ultrasound in comparison with standard capnography in confirmation of endotracheal tube (ETT) placement after intubation.
Materials and Methods:
This diagnostic value study was conducted on 104 patients requiring intubation who were referred to the Emergency Department. After the intubation, color Doppler epigastric ultrasound and suprasternal notch ultrasound as well as the standard capnography were used to confirm the placement ETT.
Results:
The sensitivity and specificity of color Doppler epigastric ultrasound were 97.96% and 100%, for suprasternal notch ultrasound were 98.98% and 66.67%, and for combination of the both methods were 96.94% and 100% respectively that showed the significant diagnostic value in the confirmation of ETT placement (
P
< 0.001). The mean of elapsed time to confirm the ETT placement by the standard capnography method (17.95 ± 2.45 s) was significantly more than the two methods of epigastric ultrasound (10.38 ± 4.65 s) and suprasternal notch ultrasound (5.08 ± 4.45 s) as well as the combined method with the mean of 15.46 ± 8.31 s (
P
< 0.001).
Conclusion:
The results of this study showed that although ultrasound is a potentially accurate, fast, and reliable method to confirm the endotracheal tube placement, but suprasternal notch ultrasound is considered to be a more appropriate diagnostic technique due to its higher sensitivity and less detection time compared to epigastric ultrasound and combined method.
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Original Article:
Thalidomide for the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Babak Amra, Farzaneh Ashrafi, Mehdi Torki, Marzieh Hashemi, Mohamad Shirzadi, Forogh Soltaninejad, Somayeh Sadeghi, Mehrzad Salmasi, Ramin Sami, Ali Darakhshandeh, Maryam Nasirian, Samaneh Pourajam
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:14 (27 January 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_248_21
Background
: Coronavirus disease 2019 has become a public health concern with a high number of fatalities. Thalidomide can target inflammatory mediators and decrease inflammation in SARS-CoV-2.
Materials and Methods
: An open-label, randomized controlled trial was conducted on patients with compatible lung high-resolution computed tomography scan for COVID-19 pneumonia and moderate involvement. Childbearing-age women were excluded. A total of 20 patients in the control group receiving usual treatment were compared with 26 patients in the case group who in addition to the same regimen also received thalidomide. The primary outcome was time for clinical recovery (TTCR) and intensive-care unit (ICU) admission.
Results
: From April 25 to August 8, 2020, based on the inclusion criteria, 47 patients were assigned to the study. Patients receiving thalidomide had a mean TTCR of days 5.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7–10.3), as compared with days 5.3 (95% CI, 1.7–8.9) with control (odds ratio 0.01; 95% CI, −1.58–1.59,
P
= 0.807). The incidence of ICU admission was 27% in the thalidomide group compared with 20% in the control group (odds ratio 3.89; 95% CI, 0.55–27.4,
P
= 0.425). The mean length of stay in hospital in both groups was 10 days. Progressive improvement in respiratory rate, fever, and O
2
saturation during the study was seen in both groups without a significant difference between the thalidomide and control group (
P
> 0.05).
Conclusion
: This study investigated the effects of thalidomide to treat moderate COVID-19 clinical outcomes. The results established that this drug regimen did not add more effect to usual treatment for moderate COVID-19 pneumonia.
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Original Article:
A comparative study of the effect of low-dose epinephrine and ketamine on rapid-sequence endotracheal intubation by the priming dose method of cisatracurium in patients under general anesthesia
Hamid Hajigholam Saryazdi, Azim Honarmand, Behzad Nazemroaya, Pouyan Naderi Afshar
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:13 (27 January 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_398_21
Background:
Low-dose ephedrine and ketamine may accelerate the onset time of action of neuromuscular blocking agents. We studied the effect of ephedrine and ketamine and cisatracurium priming on endotracheal intubation conditions and the onset time of action of cisatracurium.
Materials and Methods:
The study was a double-blind clinical trial performed on American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class 1 and 2 patients, who were candidates for general anesthesia. In total, 120 patients were entered into the study and were divided into 4 groups, E, K, E + K, and N. The first group was given 70 mcg/kg ephedrine (E group), the second group was given 0.5 ml/kg ketamine (K group), the third group was given the same amount of ketamine plus ephedrine (E + K group), and the fourth group was given the same volume of normal saline (control group); a single dose of 0.1 mg/kg cisatracurium was given, and intubating conditions were evaluated at 60 seconds after cisatracurium administration.
Results:
The mean Cooper score based on the response to laryngoscopy, the position of the vocal cords, and the movement of the diaphragm of patients in the control group with a mean of 2.53 ± 1.07 was significantly lower than in the three groups of E, K, and E + K with the means of 4.47. 1.17, 4.53 ± 1.14, and 7.63 ± 1.42, respectively (
P
value < 0.001). In the (E + K) group, it was significantly higher than in the two other drugs alone (
P
value < 0.001). The two groups of E and K alone were not significantly different from each other (P value = 0.997). The means of hemodynamic parameters were not significantly different in any of the groups (
P
value > 0.05).
Conclusion:
According to the results of the present study, the use of low-dose ephedrine and ketamine alone can improve intubation conditions. In addition, the combined use of these drugs not only had any Positive effect on patients' hemodynamic parameters but also greatly improved intubation conditions.
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Original Article:
Does opioid addiction influence clinical and angiographic outcomes in STEMI patients undergoing emergency PCI?
Afshin Amirpour, Mohammad Kermani-Alghoraishi, Fereshteh Sattar, Hamidreza Roohafza, Javad Shahabi, Reihaneh Zavar, Masoumeh Sadeghi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:12 (27 January 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_295_21
Background:
Despite recognizing the traditional coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors, some secondary factors, such as opioid substance abuse, have to be considered. We aimed to assess the relationship between opioid consumption and emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) revascularization results, according to Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow and in-hospital survival outcomes in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients.
Materials and Methods:
This case–control study was conducted on 186 patients (93 patients in each group) with acute STEMI, who were referred to Chamran Heart Center, Isfahan, Iran. Opioid addiction was diagnosed by patients' records and confirmed by conducting an interview based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4
th
Edition (DSM-IV) criteria. Patients in both groups were evaluated and compared for angioplasty results based on the TIMI flow grade and in-hospital cardiovascular events and complications.
Results:
Ninety-one patients (97.84%) of each group were male, and opioid-addicted patients were younger than the non-opioid users (52.95 9.91 vs. 57.90 12.17,
P
= 0.003). Among the CAD risk factors, prevalence of dyslipidemia was significantly higher in non-opioid users, whereas cigarette smoking was higher in opioid-addicted patients (
P
< 0.050). There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding pre- and post-procedural myocardial infarction complications as well as mortality rate (
P
> 0.050). Also, there were no significant differences between the opioid and non-opioid users regarding TIMI flow grading, and successful PCI rate based on achieving TIMI III was 60.21% versus 59.1% in opiate-dependent and non-opioid users, respectively (
P
= 0.621).
Conclusion:
Opioid addiction has no effects on post-PCI angiographic results and in-hospital survival outcomes in STEMI patients which undergoing emergency PCI.
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Original Article:
Magnesium supplementation may not be protective against carboplatin-induced nephrotoxicity but may be beneficial for children suffering malignancies: A randomized clinical trial
Marzie Alizadeh Hadadhania, Kazem Ghaffari, Abdorrahim Absalan, Aygin Eghbali, Roghayeh Rahimi Afzal, Ali Ghasemi, Aziz Eghbali
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:11 (27 January 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_292_21
Background:
Magnesium oxide may be effective in renal insufficiency prevention after carboplatin therapy. We have evaluated magnesium oxide impression on the serum creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels plus glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in cancerous children.
Materials and Methods:
A group of children with different cancers (
n
= 18) was treated with 250 mg/day magnesium oxide supplementation (MOS) and compared with a matched placebo-treated group (
n
= 18). After 2 weeks, carboplatin chemotherapy started. We compared serum Cr, BUN, and GFR values before and 3 and 7 days post intervention.
Results:
Serum Cr and BUN were increased significantly 3 and 7 days after intervention in both the groups. Serum Cr and BUN were not statistically different between the MOS and placebo groups before the intervention and 3 or 7 days after carboplatin administration (
P
> 0.05). Three days after the intervention, the GFR reduced from 101.38 ± 14.67 to 90.11 ± 10.52 mL/min/1.73 m
2
in the MOS group. Furthermore, in the placebo group, 3 days after the intervention, the GFR was reduced from 97.5 ± 9.71 to 92.33 ± 10.61 mL/min/1.73 m
2
. Further, in the MOS group, after 7 days of the intervention, the GFR was reduced to 84.11 ± 12.47 mL/min/1.73 m
2
. In the placebo group, after 7 days of the intervention, the GFR was diminished to 85.38 ± 10.66 mL/min/1.73 m
2
(
P
= 0.371).
Conclusion:
The current study suggests that magnesium supplementation does not prevent carboplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in children with malignancies. Anyway, we propose magnesium oxide supplementation for this group of pediatrics because magnesium is an essential element for cell and tissue growth, maintenance, and metabolism.
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Original Article:
Cytomegalovirus specific cell-mediated immunity status in women with preeclampsia: A case-control study
Roya Sherkat, Zahra Shahshahan, Maryam Kalatehjari, Majid Yaran, Maryam Nasirian, Somayeh Najafi, Neda Pari Zangeneh, Sahar Memar Montazerin
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:10 (27 January 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_219_21
Background:
Preeclampsia, a pregnancy-specific complication, has been associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in observational studies. CMV-specific T cell response plays a major role in viremia clearance. We explored whether CMV-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI) status is associated with preeclampsia in pregnant women.
Materials and Methods:
CMV-specific CMI was assessed using CMV-QuantiFERON (QF-CMV) assay in plasma serum of 35 women with preeclampsia as well as 35 normal pregnant controls, retrospectively. Participants were matched for gestational age in a 1:1 ratio. The proportion of reactive results, the mean value of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) level produced in mitogen and antigen tubes were compared between the cases and controls through Chi-square and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, respectively. The odds ratio and confidence interval were calculated as well.
Results:
No significant differences observed between demographic characteristics of the case and control groups. The QF-CMV assay turned reactive (QF-CMV [ + ]) Women with preeclampsia had lower mean IFN-γ levels in antigen tube compared with normal pregnant controls. There were no statistically significant differences in the value of mitogen tube between case and controls women with suppressed CMV-CMI were 6.3 times more likely to have preeclampsia. This result even strengthened after adjustment for age, gestational age, and gravidity.
Conclusions:
Our findings support an association between suppressed CMV-specific CMI and preeclampsia.
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Original Article:
Multicentricity in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer: A cross-sectional study in Isfahan
Azar Baradaran, Maryam Derakhshan, Saba Raeisi, Sina Neshat, Sina Raeisi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:9 (27 January 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_208_21
Background:
Breast cancer is the most common cancer leading to death in women. Women with multicentric breast cancer were reported more likely to have poor prognosis. Here, we decided to study and compare the frequency distribution of multicentricity in different subtypes of breast cancer.
Materials and Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study that was performed in 2019–20 on medical records and breast pathology reports of 250 patients who undergone mastectomy due to breast cancer. Demographic data of all patients including age, along with other medical data such as menstruation condition, breast cancer grade, multicentricity status, stage, and expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) receptors were collected from medical records. Samples were divided into four subtypes of Luminal B, Luminal A, HER2 expressing, and basal-like.
Results:
The mean age of patients was 50.21 ± 11.15 years. Ninety-five patients (38%) had multicentricity and HER2 expressing (48.5%) and Luminal A (41.4%) were most common in patients with multicentricity. In addition, basal-like group presented with least multicentricity (13.5%) among the subtypes (
P
= 0.008). We also showed significant increased chances of multicentricity in Luminal B (odds ratio [OR] = 3.782) (
P
= 0.033), Luminal A (OR = 5.164) (
P
= 0.002), and HER2-expressing group (OR = 5.393) (
P
= 0.011).
Conclusions:
Taken together, we showed significantly increased chances of multicentricity in patients with HER2-expression, Luminal A, and Luminal B groups compared to basal-like group or triple negative. These results were in line with most previous studies; however, we showed higher rates of multicentricity among our population compared to some previous reports.
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Original Article:
Quality assessment of computed tomography images using a channelized hoteling observer: Optimization of protocols in clinical practice
Mohammad Reza Choopani, Iraj Abedi, Fatemeh Dalvand
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:8 (27 January 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_353_21
Background:
This study investigated the feasibility of channelized hoteling observer (CHO) model in computed tomography (CT) protocol optimization regarding the image quality and patient exposure. While the utility of using model observers such as to optimize the clinical protocol is evident, the pitfalls associated with the use of this method in practice require investigation.
Materials and Methods:
This study was performed using variable tube current and adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) level (ASIR 10% to ASIR 100%). Various criteria including noise, high-contrast spatial resolution, CHOs model were used to compare image quality at different captured levels. For the implementation of CHO, we first tuned the model in a restricted dataset and then it to the evaluation of a large dataset of images obtained with different reconstruction ASIR and filtered back projection (FBP) levels.
Results:
The results were promising in terms of CHO use for the stated purposes. Comparisons of the noise of reconstructed images with 30% ASIR and higher levels of noise in rebuilding images using the FBP approach showed a significant difference (
P
< 0.05). The spatial resolution obtained using various ASIR levels and tube currents were 0.8 pairs of lines per millimeter, which did not differ significantly from the FBP method (
P
> 0.05).
Conclusions:
Based on the results, using 80% ASIR can reduce the radiation dose on lungs, abdomen, and pelvis CT scans while maintaining image quality. Furthermore using ASIR 60% only for the reconstruction of lungs, abdomen, and pelvis images at standard radiation dose leads to optimal image quality.
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Original Article:
Comparison of the effect of intravenous fentanyl with low-dose ketamine on pain relief in patients taking methadone and suffering from limb fractures
Mohsen Forghani, Mohammad Nasr Esfahani, Marzie Vali
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:7 (27 January 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_166_21
Background:
Given the significance of pain control in addicted patients and the prominence of not using opioids due to patient's drug dependence, the present study aimed at comparing and evaluating the effect of intravenous fentanyl with low-dose ketamine on pain relief in patients taking methadone and suffering from limb fractures.
Materials and Methods:
The present double-blind randomized clinical trial was performed on 100 patients taking methadone and suffering from limb fractures. The patients were divided into two groups receiving 1 μg/kg single dose of fentanyl and 0.3 mg/kg single dose of ketamine (low-dose ketamine). Patients' pain scores and the incidence rate of complications were recorded before the intervention, and 15, 30, and 60 min after drug administration and were then compared between the two groups.
Results:
The mean pain score of patients 15 min after the intervention was significantly lower in the low-dose ketamine group with a mean of 2.50 ± 1.34 as compared with the fentanyl group with a mean of 7.10 ± 1.43 (
P
< 0.001). However, the mean pain score was not significantly different between the two groups 30 and 60 min after the intervention (
P
> 0.05). In addition, the incidence rate of complications was not significantly different between the two groups (
P
> 0.05).
Conclusion:
According to the results of this study, low-dose ketamine as compared with fentanyl relieves pain in the mentioned patients with a faster effect and in a shorter time although no difference can be found between the pain scores of the two groups 30 and 60 min after the intervention.
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Original Article:
A process evaluation of the Isfahan antibiotic awareness campaign: Developing engagement on antimicrobial resistance
Soodabeh Rostami, Nazila Kassaian, Zary Nokhodian, Behrooz Ataei, Ali Zamanimoghadam, Parto Nasri, Shahrzad Ahangarzadeh, Zohreh Tahvilian, Parisa Shoaei, Kiana Shahzamani, Fatemeh Khoshdel Hashemi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:6 (27 January 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_137_21
Background:
One of the most prominent global health threats is antibiotic resistance, leading to infection treatment failure. The first Iranian antibiotic awareness week campaign was initiated to improve the prudent use and wise prescription of antibiotics.
Materials and Methods:
The Isfahan antibiotic awareness campaign was held from November 30 to December 6, 2019, among two targeted populations; the general population and health-care workers by Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. In this campaign held in the main squares, streets, and a city's referral hospital, various educational methods were used to aware and sensitize the general population and medical staff about antibiotics and microbial resistance. These methods include face-to-face training, brochures, advertisement posters and billboards around the city, educational videos, social media messages, retraining for medical doctors and medical specialists, and interviewing in the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcast.
Results:
Two hundred and twenty general practitioners, medical specialists, and residents participated in two retraining educational conferences in Al-Zahra Hospital, Isfahan, Iran. The mean score satisfaction of the two conferences was three from four. Nearly 2000 of the general population were under face-to-face educational programs whom after that, 83.6% had the correct answer to the questions around antimicrobial awareness.
Conclusions:
This campaign was an excellent experience as a pilot study with appealing issues. Further, activities are required to improve engagement with the target population and determine the impact of this campaign on antibiotic consumption and prescription behavior among the public and health-care professionals.
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Original Article:
Evaluation of the effect of carvedilol in preventing right ventricular dysfunction in breast cancer patients receiving anthracycline
Mersede Karvandi, Mojtaba Ghadyani, Nahid Mohebbi, Mehdi Tabarraee, Sina Salari
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:5 (27 January 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_134_21
Background:
Today, it has been shown that it is possible for right ventricular (RV) wall motion abnormalities or RV functional disorders to occur during cancer treatment. Now, considering the effect of carvedilol on beta 1, 2, and alpha receptors and its antioxidant properties, it seems that it can prevent RV abnormalities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effects of carvedilol in preventing RV dysfunction in patients with breast cancer treated with anthracyclines.
Materials and Methods:
The present single-blind clinical trial study was performed on 23 patients with breast cancer that 12 of them received only the anthracycline antineoplastic doxorubicin (Adriamycin
®
) chemotherapy (control group) and 11 patients received carvedilol in addition to anthracycline. To evaluate the effect of carvedilol, patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography before intervention and 2 weeks after the end of treatment with anthracyclines.
Results:
The two parameters of RV ejection fraction and RV fractional area change in the carvedilol group with a mean of 66.41% ± 8.10% and 51.85% ± 6.89% were slightly higher than the control group with a mean of 64.58% ± 6.83% and 50.48 ± 5.79%, respectively, which was not statistically significant (
P
> 0.05). In contrast, RV S wave tissue Doppler imaging (S-TDI) in the control group with a mean of 0.13 ± 0.02 m/s was significantly lower than the carvedilol group with a mean of 0.14 ± 0.02 m/s (
P
= 0.022).
Conclusion:
According to the results of the present study, the effect of using carvedilol as a preservative on improving RV function was seen compared to the control group, although this difference was not statistically significant.
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Original Article:
A comparative analysis of dominant dietary patterns in patients with and without oral squamous cell carcinoma
Seyed Mohammad Razavi, Gholamreza Askari, Zahra Zahiri, Zahra Heidari, Forooz Keshani
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:4 (27 January 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_120_21
Background:
As a modifiable risk factor, nutrition plays a pivotal role in the prevention or delay of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study was aimed to investigate and compare the dominant dietary patterns in the patients with and without OSCC.
Materials and Methods:
This case-control study evaluated the usual dietary intake of 80 cases and 120 controls during 2019–2020 using the 117-item Food Frequency Questionnaire, with confirmed validity and reliability. Factor analysis was used to detect the dominant dietary patterns. Data analysis was done by SPSS (version 21) using the Chi-square test, ANOVA, logistic regression analysis, and independent
t
-test (
P
< 0.05).
Results:
Three dietary patterns were identified, including the western dietary pattern, health dietary pattern, and traditional dietary pattern. The odds ratio (OR) = 1.181 and confidence interval (CI) = 0.671 and 2.082 were found for the western dietary pattern, OR = 1.087 and CI = 0.617 and 1.914 were detected for the healthy dietary pattern, and OR = 0.846 and CI = 0.480 and 1.491 were reported for the traditional dietary pattern. No significant difference was found between the study groups in the dietary pattern and the risk of disease. This relationship remained insignificant after adjustment for the energy intake and confounding factors.
Conclusion:
There was no significant relationship between adherence to healthy, traditional, and western dietary patterns and OSCC. Consumption of vegetables and nuts had a protective role against the disease, but risky behaviors such as smoking and alcohol use were directly associated with the incidence of the disease.
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Original Article:
Efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in pre-exposure severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 prophylaxis among high-risk healthcare workers: A multicenter study
Elahe Nasri, Hamed Fakhim, Mehrdad Salahi, Safiyeh Ghafel, Samane Pourajam, Ali Darakhshandeh, Nazila Kassaian, Somayeh Sadeghi, Behrooz Ataei, Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard, Afsane Vaezi
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:3 (27 January 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_104_21
Background:
Prophylaxis could be an established strategy to potentially prevent and control infectious diseases and should be considered in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of hydroxychloroquine as a prophylaxis treatment strategy in the reduction of the risk of COVID-19 among health professionals.
Materials and Methods:
The health professionals were randomly assigned (1:1) to the control group without receiving any hydroxychloroquine as prophylaxis and the hydroxychloroquine group receiving a weekly hydroxychloroquine dose of 400 mg up to 12 weeks.
Results:
A total of 146 health professionals were randomly enrolled in this study between August 11 and November 11 in 2020. Among the screened health professionals, 21 (14.6%) were infected with COVID-19 during the 12 weeks, and 14 (66.6%) out of the 21 health professionals were in the control group. Most participants with COVID-19 had mild symptoms (62%). In addition, 9.5% (
n
= 2) of the participants suffered from moderate disease and 28.5% were diagnosed with severe symptoms. In the hydroxychloroquine group, 5 (7.1%) and 2 (2.8%) participants were reported with mild and moderate symptoms of COVID-19, respectively, and 2 participants had moderate, 8 (10.9%) participants had mild symptoms, and 6 (8.2%) participants had severe symptoms in the control group, within 3 months. Severe symptoms of COVID-19 were not observed in the hydroxychloroquine group.
Conclusion:
This study addressed the effect and benefit of hydroxychloroquine administration for the prevention of COVID-19 among health professionals. The improved perception of prophylaxis might highlight its important role in future COVID-19 outbreaks to prevent hospital transmission, which is a major route of spread.
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Original Article:
The effect of two different dexmedetomidine doses on the prevention of nausea and vomiting in discectomy surgery under spinal anesthesia
Negar Khanahmad, Zahra Rahimi, Mehrdad Masoudifar, Behzad Nazemroaya
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:2 (27 January 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_303_21
Background:
Considering the preventative effect of various medications on such complications after surgery, the present study evaluated the effect of two different dexmedetomidine doses on the prevention of nausea and vomiting in discectomy surgery.
Materials and Methods:
The present controlled, double-blind clinical trial was performed on 135 patients that were candidates for discectomy surgery under spinal anesthesia, which were randomly allocated into three groups. Two different dexmedetomidine doses of 0.2 and 0.5 mcg/kg/h were intravenously administered using an infusion pump for 10 min in the first (DEX-0.2 group) and second (DEX-0.5 group) groups, respectively, with the third placebo group being used as a control group. Hemodynamic parameters, the severity of nausea and vomiting, and the incidence of complications were evaluated and recorded up to 24 h after surgery.
Results:
The results of the present study revealed that, 20 min after the intervention, the severity of nausea and vomiting in the control group (with the mean of 1.95 ± 1.58) was significantly higher than that of the DEX-0.2 and DEX-0.5 groups with the means of 1.52 ± 1.11 and 1.27 ± 0.99, respectively (
P
= 0.010). In addition, no significant difference was found between the two dexmedetomidine doses in terms of the severity of nausea and vomiting (
P
> 0.05).
Conclusion:
According to the results of the present study, a low dose of dexmedetomidine may be a more preferable choice as a preventive drug in the incidence of nausea and vomiting in discectomy surgery due to its lower complications, further reduction of nausea and vomiting, and more desirable hemodynamic stability.
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Original Article:
Quality of professional life and its association with emotional well-being among COVID-19 physicians and nurses
Reza Azizkhani, Azita Azimi Meibody, Ahmad Sadeghi, Gloria Meibody-Tabar, Fleuria Flechon-Meibody, Behrooz Ataei, Soheila Kouhestani
Adv Biomed Res
2023, 12:1 (27 January 2023)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_173_21
Background:
The present study was to compare the professional quality of life (ProQOL) and its association with the emotional well-being among the physicians and nurses in contact with COVID-19 patients in Iran and France.
Materials and Methods:
The study was performed on 903 nurses and physicians in contact with COVID-19 patients in Iran and France.he subjects completed their demographics online and then answered questions addressing their job stress and emotion associated with their contact with COVID-19 patients and ProQOL. Finally, the collected data were analyzed using the SPSS software (ver. 25).
Results:
According to the results of the present study, the degree of contact with COVID-19 patients had a significant role in compassion satisfaction, burnout, and compassion fatigue, with the coefficient effects of 0.459, 0.688, and 0.433, respectively (
P
< 0.05). The emotional well-being had a significant role in increasing compassion satisfaction (
B
= 0.505,
P
< 0.05).
Conclusion:
According to the results of the present study, factors such as contact with a COVID-19 patient, emotional well-being, gender, and marital status had a significant effect on dimensions of ProQOL in both Iran and France. Considering that the entire focus of the physicians and nurses is on the health of COVID-19 patients and they have no concentration on improving their emotional state, it seems that supporting them in terms of psychological self-care and considering its indirect impact on the quality of professional performance are of particular significance.
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Original Article:
Association of subclinical hypothyroidism with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study
Vahid Sheikhi, Zahra Heidari
Adv Biomed Res
2022, 11:124 (26 December 2022)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_15_21
Background:
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are recognized as two common health problems. Metabolic diseases, such as dyslipidemia, obesity, and hypertension are known risk factors for NAFLD. In addition to these risk factors, other risk factors have been recently suggested, such as thyroid dysfunction.
Materials and
Methods:
In this study, adult patients with T2DM were recruited. Various clinical and biochemical parameters including thyroid function tests, liver function tests, and liver sonography in all participants were assessed and compared between with and without NAFLD groups.
Results:
Data from 926 diabetic patients were analyzed; of which, 744 (80.3%) had fatty liver. The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in patients with NAFLD was 11.6% and in patients without NAFLD was 6.0% (
P
= 0.029). Furthermore, the prevalence of overt hypothyroidism was higher in diabetic patients with NAFLD (3.9% vs. 1.6%); this difference was not statistically significant. In univariate logistic regression analysis, hemoglobin A1c (odds ratio [OR]: 8.13); history of insulin consumption (OR: 5.35); duration of diabetes (OR: 2.20); family history of diabetes (OR: 2.85); history of antihypertensive drug use (OR: 2.14) as well as SCH (OR: 2.03) were significant variables for NAFLD. According to the multivariate logistic model, after eliminating the confounding effect of age, sex, and body mass index; the chance of developing NAFLD in patients with SCH was 2.32 times higher than patients without SCH (
P
= 0.014).
Conclusion:
NAFLD is extremely common in patients with T2DM. The relationship between hypothyroidism and NAFLD is independent of other risk factors.
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Original Article:
Evaluation and comparison on the results of totally extraperitoneal laparoscopic surgery under general and spinal anesthesia for inguinal hernia
Masoud Sayadishahraki, Masumeh Safaee, Zarir Alinezhad
Adv Biomed Res
2022, 11:123 (26 December 2022)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_11_21
Background:
Totally extraperitoneal (TEP) hernia repair surgery is one of the recently considered hernioplasty methods. Here, in the current study, we aimed to compare the results of TEP hernia repair surgery in the two groups of general anesthesia and spinal anesthesia.
Materials and Methods:
This is a randomized clinical trial that was performed in 2018–2019 in Isfahan on 106 patients undergoing TEP inguinal hernia repair. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. The first group underwent TEP inguinal hernia repair surgery under general anesthesia and the second group of patients underwent TEP inguinal hernia repair surgery under spinal anesthesia. Data regarding surgery duration, intensive care unit admission, pain of patients, mean of analgesic injections after the surgery, and complications such as urine retention, seroma, and hematoma, and wound infection were collected. Data were compared between two groups.
Results:
We found significantly higher duration of surgery in the spinal anesthesia group (
P
= 0.02). Patients in the spinal anesthesia group had shorter duration of nutrition regime beginning (
P
= 0.002) and lower frequencies of urine retention (
P
= 0.001). Further analysis showed that the mean pain severity was significantly lower in spinal anesthesia group compared to general anesthesia during postoperation measurements (
P
= 0.001) and patients in spinal anesthesia group received less postoperation analgesics compared to the other group (
P
= 0.001).
Conclusion:
TEP surgery under spinal anesthesia was associated with better clinical results such as lower postoperative pain and analgesics injections compared to general anesthesia.
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Original Article:
Effects of methadone on the toll-like receptor 4 expression in human non-small cell lung carcinoma A549 cell line using
in-silico
and
in vitro
techniques
Golnaz Vaseghi, Nastaran Rashidi, Nasrin Zare, Fahimeh Ghasemi, Marjan Pourhadi, Laleh Rafiee, Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
Adv Biomed Res
2022, 11:122 (26 December 2022)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_97_21
Background:
In this study, the effects of methadone and naloxone on the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (
TLR4
) gene have been evaluated in human non-small cell lung carcinoma A549 cell line migration using
in-silico
and
in vitro
techniques.
Materials and Methods:
Lung cancer A549 cell cultures were stimulated for 24 h with methadone (5, 10, and 20 μM) and naloxone (20 and 40 μM) concentrations. The level of
TLR4
expression was determined by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Migration of the A549 cells was investigated after a 4-h incubation period with methadone using the Boyden Chamber assay.
Results:
Migration rate of the A549 cells treated with 5 (
P
< 0.05) and 20 (
P
< 0.01) μM methadone was, respectively, increased and decreased with 20 μM naloxone (
P
< 0.05). Furthermore, the
TLR4
expression was enhanced with 5 (
P
< 0.05) and 20 (
P
< 0.01) μM methadone and decreased with 20 (
P
< 0.05) and 40 μM naloxone (
P
< 0.01). In addition,
in silico
docking analysis revealed docking of methadone to MD-2 and
TLR4
.
Conclusion:
According to the present DATA, methadone affects the
TLR4
expression. It may however cause adverse consequences by increasing the
TLR4
expression. Therefore, the useful analgesic properties of methadone should be separated from the unwanted
TLR4
-mediated side effects.
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Original Article:
Risk factors for in-hospital mortality among patients with coronavirus-19 in Isfahan City, Iran
Roya Riahi, Marziye Ghasemi, Zahra Montazeri Shatouri, Mojgan Gharipour, Mahboobeh Maghami, Hamid Melali, Ramin Sami, Aminreza Tabatabaei, Sayed Mohsen Hosseini
Adv Biomed Res
2022, 11:121 (26 December 2022)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_86_21
Background:
The aim of the study is to explore the risk factors of mortality for hospitalized patients in three designated hospitals in Isfahan province.
Materials and Methods:
This retrospective cohort study was conducted on all positive coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 patients admitted to Khorshid, Isabn Maryam, and Amin hospitals in Isfahan province. The demographic, clinical, laboratory, and outcome data of patients who were died or discharged from February 24, 2020, to April 18, 2020, were extracted from patient's medical records.
Results:
Overall 1044 COVID-19 patients were included in this analysis. Based on the findings of this study, older age (≥65 years) (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 2.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13–3.76), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) history (aHR: 2.52; 95% CI: 1.09–5.83), white blood cell (WBC) counts more than 10 × 10^3/L (aHR: 3.05; 95% CI: 1.42–6.55), Hb level <13 gr/L (aHR: 2.82; 95% CI: 1.34–5.93), bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (aHR: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.12–3.64) at admission, development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (aHR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.01–3.47), and intensive care unit (ICU) admission (aHR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.04–4.18) during hospitalization were risk factors for in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19.
Conclusions:
Multiple factors were found related to the severity and death among COVID-19 patients. We were found that older age (≥65 years) with COPD history, high level of WBC, low level of Hb (<13 g/L), bilateral pulmonary infiltrates at admission, development of ARDS, and ICU admission during hospitalization were identified as risk factors of death among COVID-19 patients. More related studies are needed in the future.
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Review Article:
Cutaneous leishmaniasis based on climate regions in Iran (1998-2021): A systematic review and meta-analysis
Mehri Rejali, Nadia Mohammadi Dashtaki, Afshin Ebrahimi, Asieh Heidari, Mohammad Reza Maracy
Adv Biomed Res
2022, 11:120 (26 December 2022)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_90_21
Background:
Climate change can facilitate the expansion of leishmaniasis and create the suitable habitat for vector and reservoir species. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) at the climatic regions of Iran.
Materials
and
Methods:
The literature search was conducted to identify all published studies reporting the prevalence or incidence of CL in humans in Iran. A total of 350 articles that reported leishmaniasis in Iran were retrieved, due to eligibility criteria, only 42 studies were selected to the final systematic review and meta-analysis procedure. Random effects meta-analysis was done with the estimate of heterogeneity being taken from an inverse-variance model. Subgroup analysis was conducted and it stratified the studies according to climatic regions. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed by using
I
2
and Cochran's Q method
I
2
value of heterogeneity. Meta regression was used to investigate factors potentially contributed the between-study heterogeneity.
Results:
Individual studies showed that prevalence per 100,000 population estimated the range from 1.5 to 318.7 with the overall random pooled prevalence of 83.3 (95% confidence interval 74.5–92.1). Subgroup analysis by climatic regions showed that many studies were conducted in the desert areas and also, it has more prevalent than the other climatic regions.
Conclusions:
Leishmaniasis was more prevalent in regions with dry and desert climates than the other climatic regions. One of the advantages of this work is that the majority of selected studies have been conducted on population-base. However, some of the studies have been designed poorly or have had a lack of internal validity.
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Original Article:
Therapeutic effect of kidney tubular cells-derived conditioned medium on the expression of microRNA-377, Microrna-29a, aquapurin-1, biochemical, and histopathological parameters following diabetic nephropathy injury in rats
Esrafil Mansouri, Mahmoud Orazizadeh, Seyyed Ali Mard, Armita Valizadeh Gorji, Mohammad Rashno, Fereshtesadat Fakhredini
Adv Biomed Res
2022, 11:119 (26 December 2022)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_375_21
Background:
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a critical complication of diabetes mellitus. This study evaluates whether administration of conditioned medium from kidney tubular cells (KTCs-CM) has the ability to be efficacious as an alternative to cell-based therapy for DN.
Materials
and Methods:
CM of rabbit kidney tubular cells (RK13; KTCs) has been collected and after centrifugation, filtered with 0.2 filters. Four groups of rats have been utilized, including control, DN, DN treated with CM, and sham group. After diabetes induction by streptozotocin (50 mg/kg body weight) in rats, 0.8 ml of the CM was injected to each rat three times per day for 3 consecutive days. Then, 24-h urine protein, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (Scr) have been measured through detection kits. The histopathological effects of CM on kidneys were evaluated by periodic acid–Schiff staining and the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) 29a and 377 by using the real-time polymerase chain reaction. The expression of aquapurin-1 (AQP1) protein was also examined by Western blotting.
Results:
Intravenous injections of KTCs-CM significantly reduced the urine volume, protein 24-h, BUN, and Scr, decreased the miRNA-377, and increased miRNA-29a and AQP1 in DN treated with CM rats.
Conclusion:
KTCs-CM may have the potential to prevent kidney injury from diabetes by regulating the microRNAs related to DN and improving the expression of AQP1.
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Original Article:
Assessment of endothelial function in Iranian healthy obese patients after bariatric surgery
Hamid Melali, Hamid Behjati-Najafabadi, Faezeh Tabesh, Masoud Sayadishahraki, Seyed Mohamad Hasehmi-Jazi
Adv Biomed Res
2022, 11:118 (26 December 2022)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_250_21
Background:
Endothelial function plays a critical role in cardiovascular homeostasis. Morbid obesity is associated with an enhanced risk of atherosclerosis and chronic inflammation. Bariatric surgery (BS) is a promising method used recently for weight loss; however, the number of studies that have examined the effect of BS on endothelial function is limited. This study aimed to investigate the association between endothelial function evaluated by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and weight loss after BS.
Materials and Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Isfahan, Iran, and included 40 healthy obese individuals who underwent BS as an intervention group and 40 healthy obese patients who did not undergo BS as a control group in a 6-month follow-up duration period. FMD as an indicator of endothelial function was evaluated in these participants. FMD <7.1% is considered abnormal.
Results:
There was no significant difference between control and BS groups in terms of age and body mass index (BMI) at baseline. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of FMD in the BS group pre- and post-intervention were 12.95 ± 6.90 and 37.65 ± 13.52 respectively and the mean ± SD of FMD in the control group were 15.88 ± 6.85 and 15.85 ± 5.83. The association between significant weight loss after BS and FMD was strongly significant (
P
< 0.001).
Conclusions:
According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that BS has been effective in terms of improving the FMD as an indicator of endothelial function.
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Original Article:
Co-expression of chaperones for improvement of soluble expression and purification of an anti-HER2 scFv in
Escherichia coli
Amir Mirzapour Estabragh, Hamid Mir Mohammad Sadeghi, Vajihe Akbari
Adv Biomed Res
2022, 11:117 (26 December 2022)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_351_21
Background:
Single-chain fragment variable (scFv) is one of the most commonly used antibody fragments. They offer some advantages over full-length antibodies, including better penetration to target tissues. However, their functional production has been a challenge for manufacturers due to the potential misfolding and formation of inclusion bodies. Here we evaluated the soluble expression and purification of molecular chaperone co-expression.
Materials and Methods:
E. coli
BL21(DE3) cells were co-transformed with the mixture of plasmids pKJE7 and pET22b-scFv by the electroporation method. First, L-arabinose was added to induce the expression of molecular chaperones, and then IPTG was used as an inducer to start the expression of anti-HER2 scFv. The effect of cultivation temperature and IPTG concentration on soluble expression of the protein with or without chaperones was evaluated. The soluble expressed protein was subjected to native purification using the Ni-NTA affinity column.
Results:
SDS-PAGE analysis confirmed the successful co-expression of anti-HER2-scFv and DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE chaperones. Co-expression with chaperones and low-temperature cultivation synergistically improved the soluble expression of anti-HER2 scFv. Co-expression with chaperone also exhibited an approximately four-fold increase in the final yield of purified soluble protein.
Conclusion:
The combination of co-expression with chaperones and low temperature presented in this work may be useful for the improvement of commercial production of other scFvs in
E. coli
as functionally bioactive and soluble form.
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Original Article:
Predictors of mortality for patients with ST-elevation myocardial infraction after 2-year follow-up: A ST-elevation myocardial infarction cohort in Isfahan study
Marjan Jamalian, Hamidreza Roohafza, Azam Soleimani, Gholamreza Massoumi, Amirhossein Mirmohammadsadeghi, Neda Dorostkar, Safoura Yazdekhasti, Maedeh Azarm, Masoumeh Sadeghi
Adv Biomed Res
2022, 11:116 (26 December 2022)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_242_21
Background:
Mortality of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients is increasing in world. This study defines predictors of mortality in patients who have STEMI.
Materials and Methods:
This study was a part of the ST-elevated myocardial infarction cohort study in Isfahan conducted on 876 acute myocardial infarction (MI) followed for 2 years that 781 patient entered. The effect of predictors of mortality includes demographic, physiological, and clinical characterizes compared in two groups alive and died patients. MACE was defined as nonfatal MI, nonfatal stroke, and atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease-related death was recorded. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. All analyses performed using SPSS 20.0.
P
< 0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results:
A total 781 patients, 117 (13%) that 72 (8.5%) was in-hospital died. The mean (standard deviation) age of the patients was 60.92 (12.77) years and 705 (81.3%) patients were males. Significant factors that affected mortality on analysis of demographic and physiological parameters were age (
P
< 0.001), sex (
P
= 0.004), transfusion (
P
= 0.010), STEMI type (
P
< 0.001), number epicardial territories >50% (
P
= 0.001), ventilation options (
P
< 0.001), smoker (
P
= 0.003), and diabetes (
P
= 0.026). Significant clinical factors affected mortality were ejection fraction (EF) (
P
< 0.001), creatinine (
P
< 0.001), hemoglobin (
P
< 0.001), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (
P
= 0.019), and systolic blood pressure (
P
< 0.001). Multiple logistics regression model definition significant predictors for mortality were age (
P
< 0.001), heart rate (HR) (
P
= 0.007), EF (0.039), LDL-C (
P
= 0.002), and preangia (
P
= 0.022).
Conclusion:
The set of factors can increase or decrease mortality in these patients. Significant predictors of mortality STEMI patients by 2-year follow up were age, HR, EF, LDL-C, and preangia. It seems that more articles need to be done in different parts of Iran to confirm the results.
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Original Article:
Etiology of femoral head avascular necrosis in patients: A cross-sectional study
Mehdi Teimouri, Mehdi Motififard, Saeed Hatami
Adv Biomed Res
2022, 11:115 (26 December 2022)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_235_21
Background:
Avascular necrosis (AVN), known as osteonecrosis, aseptic necrosis, or ischemic bone necrosis, results in the destruction of bone cells. In the present study, we aimed to report the most common causes of AVN in in patients referred to Isfahan educational and medical centers.
Materials
and
Methods:
This study is a cross-sectional study that was performed on all patients with AVN in medical educational centers in Isfahan during 2019 and 2020. We included all patients diagnosed with AVN. Patients' information including age, sex, cause of femoral head necrosis, medical history, and drug usage were collected. Finally, reliable data from 99 patients were recorded.
Results:
We collected data of 99 patients in this study. The most prevalent cause of ANV was corticosteroids use (32.3%), and it was more prevalent among women (51.4%); the second prevalent cause of AVN in our study sample was trauma (28.28%), and it was more prevalent among men (32.8%).
Conclusion:
The most common cause of AVN was corticosteroids, which was consistent with previous studies. Other main causes of AVN were traumatic or idiopathic issues.
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Original Article:
The effect of increasing the dose of acetamiprid and dichlorvos pesticides on the reproductive performance of laboratory mice
Hamid Salehi Mishani, Alireza Jalalizand, Mehrdad Modaresi
Adv Biomed Res
2022, 11:114 (26 December 2022)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_199_22
Background:
Pesticides are widely used around the world. However, these chemicals are being used more frequently and at increased doses in underdeveloped and developing countries. Although the hazard of pesticides has been studied in ecological fields, the effect of residual amounts of these compounds on the physiological processes of the body has always been debated.
Materials and Methods:
In this experimental study, 45 greenhouse cucumber plants were sprayed with dichlorvos and acetamiprid pesticides in concentrations of twofold (acetamiprid 500 g/1000 L and dichlorvos 4 L/1000 L) and threefold of the recommended dose. After 24 h, the residual amount was obtained. To evaluate the residual effect of the mentioned pesticides, an equivalent of this residue was added to the drinking water of 105 mice.
Results:
Pesticide residues were obtained for twofold and threefold concentrations of the recommended dose, 1.5 and 2.5 (mg/kg cucumber) for acetamiprid and 0.5 and 1 (mg/kg cucumber) for dichlorvos, respectively. Application of these chemicals at higher doses not only significantly reduced the body weight, food consumption, testosterone production, testicular germ cells and embryo numbers, but also increased the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in mice.
Conclusions:
The emergence of biological disorders and reducing reproductive potential in male mice can be attributed to the addition of pesticides to their drinking water. Therefore, to reduce the hazards caused by insecticides, it is recommended to familiarize farmers with the harmful effects of overdose of pesticides and monitoring the residuals in agricultural products.
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Case Report:
Acute onset of Guillain-Barré syndrome after multiple spine surgeries: A rare case report
Khalil Komlakh, Alireza Manafi-Rasi, Ahmadreza Mirbolook, Mojtaba Baroutkoub, Sohrab Salimi, MirBahador Athari
Adv Biomed Res
2022, 11:113 (26 December 2022)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_311_21
Guillain-Barré syndrome
is an autoimmune disorder presented by ascending paralysis and areflexia. The condition has been reported after many infections, but Guillain-Barré syndrome after spine surgery is rare. We, herein, present a case of Guillain-Barré syndrome after multiple spine surgeries for degenerative lumbar scoliosis. A 60-year-old woman with degenerative scoliosis underwent surgery for the third time and developed Guillain-Barré syndrome 3 weeks after the final operation. The patient received intravenous immune globulin therapy and needed mechanical ventilation and intensive care. She was discharged in good condition after 5 weeks.
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Original Article:
Chronic kidney disease and COVID-19 infection: A case–Control study
Firouzeh Moeinzadeh, Mojgan Mortazavi, Shahrzad Shahidi, Marjan Mansourian, Akram Yazdani, Zahra Zamani, Shiva Seirafian
Adv Biomed Res
2022, 11:112 (26 December 2022)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_203_21
Background:
To organize efforts to manage the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is necessary to understand which groups are at higher risk of infection. Kidney disease seems to be substantial in COVID-19 patients, but there are limited data on COVID-19 incidence and fatality among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. In this study, we intend to examine the association between CKD and susceptibility to COVID-19 infection.
Materials and Methods:
Participants were selected from those recruited in a population-based cross-sectional survey of CKD prevalence and associated risk factors in Iranian people 18 years and older. A three-part questionnaire was used for COVID-19 infection clinical symptoms and epidemiologic and hospitalization data.
Results:
A total of 962 individuals including 403 CKD patients and 559 healthy controls were recruited in this study. Healthy controls were suffering more from common cold signs, cough, fever, sore throat, headache, anosmia, dyspnea, and abdominal pain (all
P
< 0.05). Furthermore, the number of healthy individuals with myalgia was marginally higher compared to the CKD patients (
P
= 0.057). Data regarding the number of CKD patients with/without COVID-19 infection throughout different CKD stages revealed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of COVID-19 infection in different stages of CKD (
P
= 0.956).
Conclusion:
We found that some of the clinical presentations of COVID-19 including common cold symptoms, cough, fever, sore throat, headache, anosmia, dyspnea, and abdominal pain were higher among healthy individuals compared to the CKD group. On the other hand, the susceptibility to COVID-19 infection was not significantly different in various early stages of CKD.
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Case Report:
Candida albicans
prosthetic joint infection after total knee arthroplasty: A rare case report
Mohammad Mahdi Sarzaeem, Amin Norouz Beigi, Reza Tavakoli Darestani, Farzad Amuzadeh Omrani, Mojtaba Baroutkoub, Alireza Manafi Rasi
Adv Biomed Res
2022, 11:111 (26 December 2022)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_302_21
In this article, a 75-year-old patient with pain in left knee and restricted range of motion following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is presented. Serological evaluation and aspiration of knee joint suggested a fungal prosthetic joint infection. After the diagnosis was confirmed, treatment started with antifungal drugs, removing prosthesis, exhaustive debridement, and revision of TKA after efficient antifungal treatment. At one-year follow-up, she has a painless motion range of 10 to 90 degrees, and there was no recurrence of infection observed.
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Original Article:
Expression optimizing of recombinant Oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase in
Escherichia coli
Fatemeh Abarghooi Kahaki, Seyed Mohsen Dehnavi
Adv Biomed Res
2022, 11:110 (26 December 2022)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_244_21
Background:
One of the most common diseases of the urinary tract is stones of this system, including kidney stones. About 70%–80% of kidney stones are calcium oxalate. Oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase is a single polypeptide included of 568 amino acids which play a key role in oxalate degradation.
Materials and Methods:
The aim of current study is high-level expression of oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase in
Escherichia coli
BL21 (DE3). To achieve this aim, oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase gene was cloned upon pET-30a (+) with T7 promoter. The vector containing the oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase gene was transformed into
E. coli
and the expression of the gene was examined on a laboratory scale and fermentor. At first, the effect of temperature, culture medium, and induction time on oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase expression at three levels was examined.
Results:
The obtained data showed that the highest expression was related to the terrific broth culture medium and temperature of 32°C with an inducer concentration of 1 mM. Under this situation the ultimate cells dry weight and the final oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase expression were 2.46 g/l and 36% of total protein, respectively. Then induction time was optimized in a bench bioreactor and productivity of oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase was calculated. Under optimized condition the cell density, biomass productivity and oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase concentration reached 4.02 g/l, 0.22 g/l/h, and 0.7 g/l which are one of the highest reported rates.
Conclusion:
This study demonstrated that high levels of oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase can be achieved by optimizing the expression conditions.
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Original Article:
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone axis inhibition improves outcome of diabetic patients with chronic hypertension and COVID-19: An Iranian perspective
Zahedin Kheyri, Mahboobeh Alizadeh, Samaneh Akbarpour, Hadiseh Hosamirudsari, Mohammad H K Niya, Fatemeh Aliasgharpour, Mohadeseh M Meidan, Shahrbanoo Hassanzadeh, Razieh Dowran, Ali Jafarpour
Adv Biomed Res
2022, 11:109 (26 December 2022)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_177_21
Background:
Safe use of drugs such as angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in COVID diabetic patients needs comprehensive studies. This study addressed this issue from the Iranian perspective.
Materials and Methods:
Admitted COVID-19 patients were divided into four groups in this historical cohort study. Group 1 included 740 non-diabetic, non-hypertensive patients. Group 2 included 132 non-hypertensive diabetic patients. Group 3 included 154 non-diabetic hypertensive patients. Group 4 included 183 diabetic patients who were under ACE inhibitors or ARBs. Death, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and length of hospitalization were compared between the groups.
Results:
After considering associated factors such as age, gender, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), chronic kidney disease (CKD), history of surgery, and corticosteroid use, diabetic patients (group 2) were associated with increased mortality (CI 95%, OR 1.93 [1.11–3.33]). Presence of diabetes (group 2) and hypertension were associated with an increased need for ICU admission (CI 95%, OR 1.69 [1.04–2.76]; CI 95%, OR 1.71 [1.08–2.71], respectively). Group 4 patients although having a similar rate of ICU admission with group 2 and 3 patients, had significantly better ICU survival.
Conclusions:
The current study suggests that ACE inhibitors and ARBs are associated with decreased mortality, ICU admission, and better ICU survival in the diabetic subgroup of hypertensive patients.
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Original Article:
A combined nomogram model to preoperatively predict positive sentinel lymph biopsy for breast cancer in Iranian population
Nahid Nafissi, Bushra Zareie, Payman Rezagholi, Hassan Moayeri
Adv Biomed Res
2022, 11:108 (28 November 2022)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_286_21
Background:
Axillary dissection in breast cancer provides useful information on the degree of axillary nodule involvement, which serves as a reliable indicator for the prognosis and staging of breast cancer in patients. The aim of this study was to develop and validate the nomogram model by combining prognostic factors and clinical features to predict the node status of preoperative breast guard positive node cancer.
Materials and Methods:
Subjects consisted of patients referring to hospitals with the diagnosis of breast cancer. Patients were allowed to substitute molecular subtypes with data on breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis as well as sentinel node status. The bootstrap review was used for internal validation. The predicted performance was evaluated based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. According to the logistic regression analysis, the nomograms reported material strength between predictors and final status reliability.
Results:
1172 patients participated in the study, of whom only 539 patients had axillary lymph node involvement. The subtype, family history, calcification, and necrosis were not significantly related to axillary lymph node involvement. Tumor size, histological type, and lymphovascular invasion in multivariate logistic regression were significantly and directly correlated with axillary lymph node involvement.
Conclusion:
Nomograms, depending on the population, help make decisions to prevent axillary surgery. It seems that the prediction model presented in this study, based on the results of the neuromography, can help surgeons make a more informed decision on underarm surgery. Moreover, in some cases, their surgical program will be informed by accurate medical care and preclusion of major surgeries such as ALND.
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Original Article:
The relative risk of toxico-clinical parameters with respect to poisoning severity and outcomes in patients with acute poisoning
Nastaran Eizadi-Mood, Rasol Heshmat, Rokhsareh Meamar, Narges Motamedi
Adv Biomed Res
2022, 11:107 (28 November 2022)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_290_21
Background:
Complications or death risk factors is necessary for better monitoring and treatment. The aim of this study was to define the relative risk of toxico-clinical parameters with regard to poisoning severity and outcomes in patients with acute poisoning.
Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study entailed of patients with acute poisoning admitted to the poisoning emergency center of khorshid hospital, Isfahan, Iran from December 2018 until March 2019. Patients (n = 300) were categorized into four groups (minor, moderate, severe, and fatal poisoning) based on severity. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to calculate the odds ratio (OR) as the estimate of the relative risk of the different variables for the poisoning severity and outcomes prediction.
Results:
In the minor group, opioids/opiates, alcohols, and benzodiazepines (14.7%) were the most prevalent poisoning, multidrug (23.3%) was in the moderate and severe groups and finally, pesticides poisoning (23%) was most common in the fatal group. The predictive factors for poisoning severity were pre-hospital antidote administration [OR, (95%CI);
P
value) [7.08 (1.77-28.34); 0.006]; loss of consciousness [4.38 (1.84-10.42), 0.001]; abnormal ECG [4.56 (1.65-12.56); 0.003]; and time interval of poisoning to admission in the hospital [1.15 (1.02-1.28); 0.01). Patients without complications was observed in 49.7% of subjects. Patients with the loss of consciousness [66.06 (2.41-180.07); 0.01); underlying disease [3.65 (1.09-12.24); 0.03]; abnormal respiration [1.14 (1.02-1.27); 0.02); have had a greater risk of complications and death.
Conclusion:
Important factors for poisoning severity and/or outcome were loss of consciousness, pre-hospital antidote administration, abnormal ECG or respiration, underlying disease, and delay to presentation to hospital.
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Commentary:
Does COVID-19 escalate aging process? A possible concern
Katayoun Tayeri, Kiarash Asadollahi, Navid Madani, Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
Adv Biomed Res
2022, 11:106 (28 November 2022)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_350_21
A key challenge after the COVID-19 pandemic will be managing the long-term sequelae for the millions of individuals who recover from the disease. Based on the available evidence, our hypothesis is that the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and its long-term complications will lead to premature aging (in terms of health) of many people in the world. Obviously, to maintain appropriate public health and prevent poor health-care services, countries should think and plan about the health problems and the long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 after controlling the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Case Report:
Treatment of hydatidiform mole suspected to COVID 19
Fatemeh Azarkish, Saeedeh Rigiyousefabadi, Roksana Janghorban, Mohammadmehran Aminifard, Shirin Bozorgzadeh, Mahya Zahirnia, Mansooreh Sadat Golmohammadi, Elahe Mirtalaie, Arezoo Pirak, Zahra Atarodi Kashani
Adv Biomed Res
2022, 11:105 (28 November 2022)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_142_21
The aim of this study was to report a case of the treatment of hydatidiform mole in Coronavirus pandemic in Iranshahr. A 17-year-old primiparous woman with gestational age of 14 weeks presented with unilateral leg swelling and sudden abdominal distension beginning in the night before referring to the health center. In the abdominal examination of the patient by a healthcare provider, the baby's heartbeat was not heard and a mismatch was observed between gestational age and fundal height, which corresponded to approximately 24 weeks of gestation. She was conscious and pale with hematuria and uterine contractions. After inserting two IV lines, the patient immediately underwent monitoring and was visited by a gynecologist. Complete molar pregnancy was diagnosed with an enlarged heterogeneous uterus 180 cm × 90 cm in size and containing 170 mm × 80 mm cysts. The treatment began with vancomycin AMP, hydrocortisone AMP, oseltamivir CAP 75 mg, kaletra CAP 200 mg, and meropenem AMP.
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Original Article:
The effect of various pre-cesarean fasting times on maternal and neonatal outcomes
Sogol Arab, Minoo Yaghmaei, Mojgan Mokhtari
Adv Biomed Res
2022, 11:104 (28 November 2022)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_118_22
Background:
Although it is currently recommended that patients avoid solid food for 6–8 h and liquid for 2 h before cesarean section, longer restrictions still apply in many centers. Since studies on the duration of fasting before cesarean section is scarce, we aimed to investigate the effect of different fasting times before cesarean section on maternal and neonatal complications.
Materials and methods:
This descriptive study was performed on 405 candidates for cesarean section. These women were divided into five groups due to the length of time they did not consume clear liquid and solid food. Then, maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared using Kruskal–Wallis and Chi-square tests.
Results:
The rate of nausea during surgery was lower in the groups who ate solid food between 2 and 8 h and clear liquid <2 h before surgery (
P
= 0.04). Also, abdominal distension in the first 6 h after surgery in the group that did not eat solid food for <6–8 h and clear liquid for <2 h was more than in the other groups (
P
< 0.05). The prevalence of hypoglycemia was significantly lower in women who ate solid food for <6 h and drank clear liquid for <2 h (
P
< 0.05).
Conclusion:
Prolonged fasting time before cesarean section not only reduce complications but also may have undesirable consequences. The results of this study showed that it is better to use less strict measures in patients who are candidates for cesarean section and in patients with labor pains who are likely to have a cesarean section.
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Meta Analysis:
The association between exposure to air pollution and type 1 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Nafiseh Mozafarian, Mahin Hashemipour, Maryam Yazdi, Mohsen Hani Tabaei Zavareh, Silva Hovsepian, Maryam Heidarpour, Ensiyeh Taheri
Adv Biomed Res
2022, 11:103 (28 November 2022)
DOI
:10.4103/abr.abr_80_21
Background:
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to overview the observational studies on the association of exposure to air pollution and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
Materials and Methods:
Based on PRISMA guidelines, we systematically reviewed the databases of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases to determine the association of air pollution exposure and T1DM. Quality assessment of the papers was evaluated using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist for observational studies. The odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to assess the strength of the associations between air pollutants (gases and particulate matter air pollutants including PM10, PM2.5, NO2, volatile organic compound, SO4, SO2, O3) and T1DM.
Results:
Out of 385 initially identified papers, 6 studies were used for this meta-analysis. Fixed effects meta-analysis showed a significant association between per 10 μg/m
3
increase in O3 and PM2.5 exposures with the increased risk of T1DM (3 studies, OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.26, 1.80,
I